Table 1

Replication and robustness of employment effects from Clemens and Wither (2016): Estimated change in employment rate of select worker groups in bound states relative to unbound states under different models

Clemens and Wither (CW) results Author’s replication of CW Testing robustness with additional control sets
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
Low-wage workers (SIPP sample) -0.066*** -0.059*** -0.038** -0.022 -0.035* -0.024
(0.020) (0.018) (0.018) (0.020) (0.021) (0.016)
Workers age 16-21 (CPS) -0.023*** -0.023*** -0.008  0.002  0.003  0.005
(0.010) (0.010) (0.009) (0.008) (0.010) (0.010)
Workers age 16-30 without a high school diploma (CPS) -0.037*** -0.037*** -0.021 -0.013 -0.003  0.001
(0.011) (0.011) (0.013) (0.013) (0.017) (0.015)
Control sets
Construction’s share of each state’s employment Y
All industry shares of each state’s employment Y
Common time fixed effects Y Y Y
Region X time fixed effects Y
Division X time fixed effects Y
Economic Policy Institute

* p < 0.1,  ** p < 0.05,  *** p < 0.01

Notes: The table reports the coefficient on the Period 2 X Bound term from the baseline regressions in Clemens and Wither (2016); see Zipperer (2016) for a complete discussion. Column 1 contains the Clemens and Wither’s published results, column 2 is this author’s replication, and the remaining columns include additional control sets. Columns 2 through 6 use monthly sampling weights. Industries are state-specific NAICS (North American Industry Classification System) supersector shares of total private-sector employment, where these shares are interacted with time fixed effects.

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