Every month, the Bureau of Labor Statistics releases a report on the employment situation for the previous month. Their release includes data on job growth, unemployment, and wage growth, which gives us a snapshot of the health of the economy and whether it’s working for ordinary Americans.
Economic Indicators Jobs and unemployment
Key numbers • March
6.0%
National unemployment rate
916,000
Net jobs in March
76.8%
Share of prime working-age population with a job
8.4 million
Number of jobs lost since February 2020
March
Jobs report: Strong job growth in March as vaccine distribution expands and the American Rescue Plan ramps up
A solid 916,000 jobs were added in March, the strongest job growth we’ve seen since the initial bounceback faded last summer. Even with these gains, the labor market is still down 8.4 million jobs from its pre-pandemic level in February 2020. In addition, thousands of jobs would have been added each month over the last year without the pandemic recession. If we count how many jobs may have been created if the recession hadn’t hit—consider average job growth (202,000) over the 12 months before the recession—we are now short 11.0 million jobs since February.
Even at this pace, it could take more than a year to dig out of the total jobs shortfall. However, today’s number is certainly a promising sign for the recovery, especially as vaccinations increase and vital provisions in the American Rescue Plan (ARP) have continued to ramp up since the March reference period to today’s data. The benefits of the ARP will continue to be captured in coming months.
Key points of note in today’s report:
- The largest jobs gains were in the sector most hurt: leisure and hospitality employment increased by 280,000 in March. Even with this improvement, leisure and hospitality employment—the lowest-paid sector in the U.S. economy—is still down 3.1 million jobs since February 2020.
- Public-sector employment—notably in state and local education jobs—finally saw signs of life in March, likely due at least in part to the impact of the state and local government aid in the ARP. State and local government employment rose 129,000 in March; 97% of that increase (125,600 jobs) were in state and local education employment. Even with these improvements, state and local education employment is still down 863,200 since February 2020. I’m hopeful here again that ARP provisions to state and local governments will provide a necessary boost in coming months.
- About one-fifth (21.0%) of the workforce teleworked because of the coronavirus pandemic. This means the vast majority of workers—disproportionately low-wage workers—are physically going to work. While the ramp up in the distribution of the vaccine is a positive trend, we are still nowhere near herd immunity and need to heed health officials in opening guidelines.
- While the overall unemployment rate fell from 6.2% to 6.0%, the labor participation rate only improved slightly. As it becomes safe to reopen, I expect many more workers to return to the labor market seeking jobs.
- The Black unemployment rate improved last month, but remains at 9.6%, far higher than any other group.
- Long-term unemployment continued to rise in March, with 4.2 million workers unemployed 27 weeks or more.
In addition to the 9.7 million officially unemployed workers in March 2021, we must add four more groups of economically hurt workers:
- First, the 636,000 workers misclassified as “employed, not at work.”
- Second, the 2.7 million undercount of unemployed workers, found even in normal times.
- Third, the 4.8 million workers now out of the labor force and not counted among the unemployed—measured by the differential between the size of the current labor force and what the labor force would be if the labor force participation rate hadn’t dropped over the last year.
- Fourth, the 5.8 million workers who experienced a drop in hours and pay because of the pandemic.
In total, this means that 23.6 million workers are currently harmed in the coronavirus downturn. We include the 5.7 million baseline unemployment level prior to COVID as part of the number hurt right now because job search was made much more difficult by the labor market impacts of the recession. We include the 2.7 million estimated undercount of the unemployed prior to the start of COVID based on Ahn and Hamilton (2021) because again job search was made much more difficult by the labor market impacts of the recession.
Charting jobs and unemployment
Monthly change in payroll employment, January 2020–March 2021
| Date | Change in Employment |
|---|---|
| Jan-2020 | 315 |
| Feb-2020 | 289 |
| Mar-2020 | -1,683 |
| Apr-2020 | -20,679 |
| May-2020 | 2,833 |
| Jun-2020 | 4,846 |
| Jul-2020 | 1,726 |
| Aug-2020 | 1,583 |
| Sep-2020 | 716 |
| Oct-2020 | 680 |
| Nov-2020 | 264 |
| Dec-2020 | -306 |
| Jan-2021 | 233 |
| Feb-2021 | 468 |
| Mar-2021 | 916 |
Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics' Current Employment Statistics public data series
Employment change by industry since February 2020: All employees (thousands), seasonally adjusted, March 2021
| Industry | Employment change since February 2020 |
|---|---|
| Leisure and hospitality | -3134 |
| Government | -1222 |
| Education and health services | -1172 |
| Professional and business services | -685 |
| Manufacturing | -515 |
| Other services | -396 |
| Retail services | -381 |
| Information | -241 |
| Wholesale trade | -234 |
| Construction | -182 |
| Financial activities | -87 |
| Mining and logging | -80 |
| Transportation and warehousing | -66 |
| Utilities | -8 |
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics' (BLS) Current Employment Statistics, Establishment Survey (CES) public data series.
Note: The number of officially unemployed includes the 5.7 million baseline unemployment level prior to COVID. The number of unemployed but misclassified includes the 2.7 million estimated undercount of the unemployed prior to the start of COVID based on Ahn and Hamilton (2021). The 5.7 million and the 2.7 million are included in the calculation of those hit by COVID because job search was made much more difficult by the labor market impacts of the recession. Totals may not sum due to rounding.
Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Population Survey public data series. Adapted from Figure A in The economy President-elect Biden is inheriting (Shierholz 2021).
Workers are experiencing longer and longer periods of unemployment: Number of workers at each level of unemployment duration, by month, February 2020–March 2021
| Date | Less than 5 weeks | 5–14 weeks | 15–26 Weeks | 27 weeks and over |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feb 20 | 2,082 | 1,753 | 817 | 1,111 |
| Mar 20 | 3,424 | 1,785 | 784 | 1,188 |
| Apr 20 | 14,282 | 6,992 | 763 | 1,004 |
| May 20 | 3,875 | 14,804 | 997 | 1,203 |
| Jun 20 | 2,853 | 11,544 | 1,907 | 1,358 |
| Jul 20 | 3,188 | 5,175 | 6,488 | 1,483 |
| Aug 20 | 2,312 | 3,213 | 6,536 | 1,593 |
| Sep 20 | 2,552 | 2,754 | 4,934 | 2,405 |
| Oct 20 | 2,494 | 2,341 | 2,651 | 3,534 |
| Nov 20 | 2,455 | 2,404 | 1,875 | 3,929 |
| Dec 20 | 2,904 | 2,222 | 1,572 | 3,956 |
| Jan 21 | 2,278 | 2,528 | 1,346 | 4,023 |
| Feb 21 | 2,185 | 2,254 | 1,407 | 4,148 |
| Mar 21 | 2,177 | 1,941 | 1,391 | 4,218 |
Note: Data are seasonally adjusted.
Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Population Survey public data series.
Unemployment rate of workers age 16 and older by race and ethnicity, January 2020–March 2021
| Date | White | Black | Hispanic | Asian |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan-2020 | 3.0% | 6.1% | 4.3% | 3.1% |
| Feb-2020 | 3.0% | 6.0% | 4.4% | 2.4% |
| Mar-2020 | 3.9% | 6.8% | 6.0% | 4.1% |
| Apr-2020 | 14.1 | 16.7% | 18.9% | 14.5% |
| May-2020 | 12.3% | 16.7% | 17.6% | 14.9% |
| Jun-2020 | 10.1% | 15.3% | 14.5% | 13.9% |
| Jul-2020 | 9.2% | 14.4% | 12.7% | 11.9% |
| Aug-2020 | 7.4% | 12.8% | 10.5% | 10.6% |
| Sep-2020 | 7.0% | 12.0% | 10.3% | 8.8% |
| Oct-2020 | 6.0% | 10.8% | 8.8% | 7.6% |
| Nov-2020 | 5.9% | 10.3% | 8.4% | 6.7% |
| Dec-2020 | 6.0% | 9.9% | 9.3% | 5.9% |
| Jan-2021 | 5.7% | 9.2% | 8.6% | 6.6% |
| Feb-2021 | 5.6% | 9.9% | 8.5% | 5.1% |
| Mar-2021 | 5.4% | 9.6% | 7.9% | 6.0% |
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics' Current Population Survey, public data series
Unemployment rate of workers age 16 and older by race and ethnicity, 1995–2021
| Date | White | Black | Hispanic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan-1995 | 4.8 | 10.3 | 10.2 |
| Feb-1995 | 4.7 | 10.1 | 9 |
| Mar-1995 | 4.7 | 9.7 | 8.9 |
| Apr-1995 | 5 | 10.7 | 8.9 |
| May-1995 | 5 | 10 | 9.8 |
| Jun-1995 | 4.9 | 10.7 | 9.1 |
| Jul-1995 | 4.9 | 10.9 | 8.8 |
| Aug-1995 | 4.9 | 11.1 | 9.6 |
| Sep-1995 | 4.9 | 11.1 | 9.1 |
| Oct-1995 | 4.9 | 10 | 9.4 |
| Nov-1995 | 5 | 9.7 | 9.5 |
| Dec-1995 | 4.9 | 10.2 | 9.3 |
| Jan-1996 | 4.9 | 10.6 | 9.4 |
| Feb-1996 | 4.8 | 10 | 9.6 |
| Mar-1996 | 4.8 | 10.6 | 9.6 |
| Apr-1996 | 4.8 | 10.7 | 9.6 |
| May-1996 | 4.9 | 10.2 | 9.6 |
| Jun-1996 | 4.6 | 10.4 | 8.8 |
| Jul-1996 | 4.7 | 10.6 | 8.8 |
| Aug-1996 | 4.4 | 10.6 | 8.8 |
| Sep-1996 | 4.5 | 10.6 | 8.2 |
| Oct-1996 | 4.5 | 10.7 | 8 |
| Nov-1996 | 4.6 | 10.6 | 8.5 |
| Dec-1996 | 4.6 | 10.5 | 7.4 |
| Jan-1997 | 4.5 | 10.8 | 8.4 |
| Feb-1997 | 4.5 | 10.7 | 8.2 |
| Mar-1997 | 4.4 | 10.5 | 8.3 |
| Apr-1997 | 4.3 | 10.2 | 8.2 |
| May-1997 | 4.1 | 10.3 | 7.7 |
| Jun-1997 | 4.2 | 10.8 | 7.5 |
| Jul-1997 | 4.2 | 9.5 | 7.9 |
| Aug-1997 | 4.2 | 9.4 | 7.2 |
| Sep-1997 | 4.2 | 9.5 | 7.4 |
| Oct-1997 | 4.1 | 9.5 | 7.8 |
| Nov-1997 | 3.9 | 9.5 | 7 |
| Dec-1997 | 3.9 | 10 | 7.3 |
| Jan-1998 | 4 | 9.4 | 7.1 |
| Feb-1998 | 3.9 | 9.3 | 6.9 |
| Mar-1998 | 4 | 9.2 | 6.9 |
| Apr-1998 | 3.7 | 9.1 | 6.7 |
| May-1998 | 3.8 | 8.9 | 6.9 |
| Jun-1998 | 3.9 | 8.8 | 7.4 |
| Jul-1998 | 3.8 | 9.5 | 7.3 |
| Aug-1998 | 3.9 | 8.8 | 7.4 |
| Sep-1998 | 3.9 | 9.1 | 7.3 |
| Oct-1998 | 3.9 | 8.6 | 7.2 |
| Nov-1998 | 3.8 | 8.6 | 7.1 |
| Dec-1998 | 3.8 | 7.7 | 7.7 |
| Jan-1999 | 3.8 | 7.8 | 6.7 |
| Feb-1999 | 3.8 | 8.2 | 6.7 |
| Mar-1999 | 3.6 | 8 | 5.8 |
| Apr-1999 | 3.8 | 7.8 | 7 |
| May-1999 | 3.7 | 7.4 | 6.7 |
| Jun-1999 | 3.8 | 7.7 | 6.6 |
| Jul-1999 | 3.7 | 8.7 | 6.5 |
| Aug-1999 | 3.7 | 7.7 | 6.5 |
| Sep-1999 | 3.6 | 8.5 | 6.7 |
| Oct-1999 | 3.5 | 8.4 | 6.4 |
| Nov-1999 | 3.5 | 8 | 6 |
| Dec-1999 | 3.5 | 7.8 | 5.8 |
| Jan-2000 | 3.4 | 8.2 | 5.6 |
| Feb-2000 | 3.6 | 8.1 | 5.7 |
| Mar-2000 | 3.5 | 7.4 | 6.1 |
| Apr-2000 | 3.4 | 7% | 5.5 |
| May-2000 | 3.5 | 7.7 | 5.8 |
| Jun-2000 | 3.4 | 7.8 | 5.6 |
| Jul-2000 | 3.5 | 7.7 | 5.8 |
| Aug-2000 | 3.6 | 7.9 | 5.9 |
| Sep-2000 | 3.5 | 7.3 | 5.8 |
| Oct-2000 | 3.4% | 7.3 | 5.1 |
| Nov-2000 | 3.5 | 7.3 | 6 |
| Dec-2000 | 3.5 | 7.4 | 5.7 |
| Jan-2001 | 3.6 | 8.2 | 5.8 |
| Feb-2001 | 3.7 | 7.7 | 6.1 |
| Mar-2001 | 3.7 | 8.3 | 6.2 |
| Apr-2001 | 3.9 | 8 | 6.4 |
| May-2001 | 3.8 | 7.9 | 6.3 |
| Jun-2001 | 4 | 8.3 | 6.6 |
| Jul-2001 | 4 | 8 | 6.2 |
| Aug-2001 | 4.3 | 9.1 | 6.5 |
| Sep-2001 | 4.3 | 8.9 | 6.7 |
| Oct-2001 | 4.7 | 9.5 | 7.1 |
| Nov-2001 | 4.9 | 9.8 | 7.3 |
| Dec-2001 | 5.1 | 10.1 | 7.7 |
| Jan-2002 | 5.1 | 10 | 7.8 |
| Feb-2002 | 5 | 9.9 | 7 |
| Mar-2002 | 5 | 10.5 | 7.5 |
| Apr-2002 | 5.2 | 10.7 | 8 |
| May-2002 | 5.1 | 10.2 | 7.1 |
| Jun-2002 | 5.1 | 10.5 | 7.4 |
| Jul-2002 | 5.2 | 9.8 | 7.4 |
| Aug-2002 | 5.1 | 9.8 | 7.5 |
| Sep-2002 | 5.1 | 9.7 | 7.4 |
| Oct-2002 | 5.1 | 9.8 | 7.9 |
| Nov-2002 | 5.1 | 10.7 | 7.8 |
| Dec-2002 | 5.1 | 11.3 | 7.9 |
| Jan-2003 | 5.2 | 10.5 | 7.9 |
| Feb-2003 | 5.1 | 10.7 | 7.7 |
| Mar-2003 | 5.1 | 10.3 | 7.8 |
| Apr-2003 | 5.3 | 10.9 | 7.6 |
| May-2003 | 5.4 | 10.9 | 8 |
| Jun-2003 | 5.5 | 11.5 | 8.3 |
| Jul-2003 | 5.4 | 10.9 | 8 |
| Aug-2003 | 5.4 | 10.9 | 7.7 |
| Sep-2003 | 5.3 | 11.1 | 7.3 |
| Oct-2003 | 5.1 | 11.4 | 7.5 |
| Nov-2003 | 5.2 | 10.2 | 7.4 |
| Dec-2003 | 5 | 10.1 | 6.7 |
| Jan-2004 | 5 | 10.4 | 7.3 |
| Feb-2004 | 4.9 | 9.7 | 7.4 |
| Mar-2004 | 5.1 | 10.3 | 7.6 |
| Apr-2004 | 5 | 9.8 | 7.1 |
| May-2004 | 4.9 | 10.1 | 6.9 |
| Jun-2004 | 5 | 10.2 | 6.6 |
| Jul-2004 | 4.7 | 11 | 6.8 |
| Aug-2004 | 4.7 | 10.5 | 6.8 |
| Sep-2004 | 4.6 | 10.3 | 6.8 |
| Oct-2004 | 4.6 | 10.8 | 6.8 |
| Nov-2004 | 4.6 | 10.7 | 6.7 |
| Dec-2004 | 4.5 | 10.7 | 6.6 |
| Jan-2005 | 4.5 | 10.6 | 6 |
| Feb-2005 | 4.6 | 10.9 | 6.3 |
| Mar-2005 | 4.5 | 10.5 | 5.8 |
| Apr-2005 | 4.4 | 10.3 | 6.4 |
| May-2005 | 4.4 | 10.1 | 6 |
| Jun-2005 | 4.3 | 10.2 | 5.7 |
| Jul-2005 | 4.2 | 9.2 | 5.5 |
| Aug-2005 | 4.2 | 9.7 | 5.8 |
| Sep-2005 | 4.4 | 9.4 | 6.4 |
| Oct-2005 | 4.4 | 9.1 | 6 |
| Nov-2005 | 4.3 | 10.6 | 6.1 |
| Dec-2005 | 4.2 | 9.2 | 6.1 |
| Jan-2006 | 4.1 | 8.9 | 5.5 |
| Feb-2006 | 4.1 | 9.5 | 5.4 |
| Mar-2006 | 4 | 9.5 | 5.2 |
| Apr-2006 | 4.1 | 9.4 | 5.5 |
| May-2006 | 4.1 | 8.7 | 5 |
| Jun-2006 | 4.1 | 8.9 | 5.2 |
| Jul-2006 | 4.1 | 9.5 | 5.2 |
| Aug-2006 | 4.1 | 8.8 | 5.3 |
| Sep-2006 | 3.9 | 9 | 5.5 |
| Oct-2006 | 3.9 | 8.4 | 4.8% |
| Nov-2006 | 4 | 8.5 | 5.1 |
| Dec-2006 | 3.9 | 8.3 | 5 |
| Jan-2007 | 4.2 | 7.9 | 5.5 |
| Feb-2007 | 4.1 | 8 | 5.1 |
| Mar-2007 | 3.8 | 8.4 | 5 |
| Apr-2007 | 4 | 8.3 | 5.6 |
| May-2007 | 3.9 | 8.3 | 5.8 |
| Jun-2007 | 4.1 | 8.5 | 5.5 |
| Jul-2007 | 4.2 | 8.1 | 5.9 |
| Aug-2007 | 4.2 | 7.6 | 5.5 |
| Sep-2007 | 4.2 | 8 | 5.9 |
| Oct-2007 | 4.1 | 8.5 | 5.7 |
| Nov-2007 | 4.2 | 8.5 | 5.9 |
| Dec-2007 | 4.4 | 9 | 6.3 |
| Jan-2008 | 4.4 | 9.1 | 6.3 |
| Feb-2008 | 4.4 | 8.4 | 6.2 |
| Mar-2008 | 4.5 | 9.2 | 6.9 |
| Apr-2008 | 4.4 | 8.6 | 7.1 |
| May-2008 | 4.8 | 9.6 | 6.9 |
| Jun-2008 | 5 | 9.4 | 7.6 |
| Jul-2008 | 5.2 | 10 | 7.5 |
| Aug-2008 | 5.4 | 10.6 | 8 |
| Sep-2008 | 5.4 | 11.3 | 8 |
| Oct-2008 | 5.9 | 11.4 | 8.8 |
| Nov-2008 | 6.2 | 11.5 | 8.7 |
| Dec-2008 | 6.7 | 12.1 | 9.4 |
| Jan-2009 | 7.1 | 12.7 | 10.1 |
| Feb-2009 | 7.6 | 13.7 | 11.3 |
| Mar-2009 | 8 | 13.7 | 11.7 |
| Apr-2009 | 8.1 | 15 | 11.4 |
| May-2009 | 8.5 | 15 | 12.3 |
| Jun-2009 | 8.7 | 14.8 | 12.1 |
| Jul-2009 | 8.7 | 14.8 | 12.5 |
| Aug-2009 | 8.9 | 16.8% | 13 |
| Sep-2009 | 8.9 | 15.3 | 12.6 |
| Oct-2009 | 9.2 | 15.8 | 12.8 |
| Nov-2009 | 9.2% | 15.7 | 12.4 |
| Dec-2009 | 9 | 16.1 | 12.8 |
| Jan-2010 | 8.8 | 16.5 | 12.9 |
| Feb-2010 | 8.9 | 16.1 | 12.7 |
| Mar-2010 | 8.9 | 16.8 | 13% |
| Apr-2010 | 9 | 16.6 | 12.5 |
| May-2010 | 8.7 | 15.5 | 12 |
| Jun-2010 | 8.6 | 15.2 | 12.3 |
| Jul-2010 | 8.5 | 15.6 | 12.2 |
| Aug-2010 | 8.6 | 15.9 | 12 |
| Sep-2010 | 8.6 | 16 | 12.3 |
| Oct-2010 | 8.6 | 15.6 | 12.3 |
| Nov-2010 | 8.9 | 16.2 | 12.9 |
| Dec-2010 | 8.5 | 15.5 | 12.9 |
| Jan-2011 | 8.1 | 15.8 | 12.3 |
| Feb-2011 | 8.1 | 15.5 | 11.8 |
| Mar-2011 | 8 | 15.8 | 11.6 |
| Apr-2011 | 8.1 | 16.5 | 11.9 |
| May-2011 | 7.9 | 16.3 | 11.6 |
| Jun-2011 | 8.1 | 16.2 | 11.5 |
| Jul-2011 | 8 | 15.9 | 11.2 |
| Aug-2011 | 7.9 | 16.4 | 11.2 |
| Sep-2011 | 7.9 | 15.9 | 11.2 |
| Oct-2011 | 7.9 | 14.6 | 11.3 |
| Nov-2011 | 7.7 | 15.6 | 11.2 |
| Dec-2011 | 7.5 | 15.4 | 11.1 |
| Jan-2012 | 7.4 | 13.6 | 10.7 |
| Feb-2012 | 7.4 | 14 | 10.9 |
| Mar-2012 | 7.3 | 14 | 10.6 |
| Apr-2012 | 7.4 | 13.3 | 10.3 |
| May-2012 | 7.4 | 13.5 | 10.9 |
| Jun-2012 | 7.3 | 14.5 | 10.9 |
| Jul-2012 | 7.3 | 14.2 | 10.2 |
| Aug-2012 | 7.2 | 13.8 | 10.1 |
| Sep-2012 | 7 | 13.6 | 9.7 |
| Oct-2012 | 6.9 | 14.1 | 10 |
| Nov-2012 | 6.8 | 13.3 | 9.9 |
| Dec-2012 | 6.9 | 14 | 9.6 |
| Jan-2013 | 7.1 | 13.7 | 9.7 |
| Feb-2013 | 6.8 | 13.8 | 9.7 |
| Mar-2013 | 6.7 | 13 | 9.3 |
| Apr-2013 | 6.7 | 13.3 | 9 |
| May-2013 | 6.7 | 13.4 | 9 |
| Jun-2013 | 6.6 | 14.2 | 9.1 |
| Jul-2013 | 6.5 | 12.6 | 9.4 |
| Aug-2013 | 6.4 | 12.8 | 9.2 |
| Sep-2013 | 6.3 | 13 | 8.8 |
| Oct-2013 | 6.3 | 12.8 | 9.1 |
| Nov-2013 | 6.1 | 12.3 | 8.7 |
| Dec-2013 | 5.9 | 11.9 | 8.3 |
| Jan-2014 | 5.7 | 12.1 | 8.3 |
| Feb-2014 | 5.8 | 11.8 | 8.2 |
| Mar-2014 | 5.8 | 12.1 | 7.9 |
| Apr-2014 | 5.3 | 11.6 | 7.2 |
| May-2014 | 5.4 | 11.4 | 7.7 |
| Jun-2014 | 5.3 | 11 | 7.8 |
| Jul-2014 | 5.3 | 11.6 | 7.7 |
| Aug-2014 | 5.3 | 11.4 | 7.4 |
| Sep-2014 | 5.1 | 11 | 6.8 |
| Oct-2014 | 4.9 | 10.6 | 6.8 |
| Nov-2014 | 5 | 10.9 | 6.6 |
| Dec-2014 | 4.7 | 10.6 | 6.4 |
| Jan-2015 | 4.9 | 10.3 | 6.7 |
| Feb-2015 | 4.7 | 10.1 | 6.8 |
| Mar-2015 | 4.8 | 9.9 | 6.8 |
| Apr-2015 | 4.7 | 9.7 | 6.8 |
| May-2015 | 4.8 | 10.3 | 6.8 |
| Jun-2015 | 4.6 | 9.7 | 6.7 |
| Jul-2015 | 4.5 | 9.1 | 6.9 |
| Aug-2015 | 4.4 | 9.4 | 6.6 |
| Sep-2015 | 4.4 | 9.3 | 6.2 |
| Oct-2015 | 4.4 | 9 | 6.3 |
| Nov-2015 | 4.4 | 9.4 | 6.4 |
| Dec-2015 | 4.4 | 8.5 | 6.2 |
| Jan-2016 | 4.2 | 8.5 | 5.9 |
| Feb-2016 | 4.2 | 8.6 | 5.5 |
| Mar-2016 | 4.3 | 8.9 | 5.6 |
| Apr-2016 | 4.4 | 8.8 | 6.2 |
| May-2016 | 4.2 | 8.2 | 5.7 |
| Jun-2016 | 4.3 | 8.7 | 6 |
| Jul-2016 | 4.2 | 8.2 | 5.4 |
| Aug-2016 | 4.4 | 8 | 5.6 |
| Sep-2016 | 4.4 | 8.5 | 6.2 |
| Oct-2016 | 4.4 | 8.5 | 5.7 |
| Nov-2016 | 4.2 | 8.2 | 5.6 |
| Dec-2016 | 4.2 | 8 | 5.8 |
| Jan-2017 | 4.2 | 7.4 | 5.8 |
| Feb-2017 | 4 | 8 | 5.6 |
| Mar-2017 | 3.9 | 7.9 | 5 |
| Apr-2017 | 3.9 | 7.8 | 5.2 |
| May-2017 | 3.8 | 7.6 | 5.2 |
| Jun-2017 | 3.8 | 7.1 | 5 |
| Jul-2017 | 3.7 | 7.2 | 5.1 |
| Aug-2017 | 3.9 | 7.5 | 5.1 |
| Sep-2017 | 3.7 | 7.2 | 5.1 |
| Oct-2017 | 3.6 | 7.6 | 5 |
| Nov-2017 | 3.7 | 7.5 | 4.9 |
| Dec-2017 | 3.7 | 6.9 | 5 |
| Jan-2018 | 3.5 | 7.5 | 4.9 |
| Feb-2018 | 3.6 | 6.8 | 4.9 |
| Mar-2018 | 3.5 | 6.6 | 4.9 |
| Apr-2018 | 3.6 | 6.5 | 4.8 |
| May-2018 | 3.5 | 5.8 | 4.8 |
| Jun-2018 | 3.5 | 6.5 | 4.6 |
| Jul-2018 | 3.3 | 6.4 | 4.5 |
| Aug-2018 | 3.4 | 6.2 | 4.7 |
| Sep-2018 | 3.3 | 6.2 | 4.6 |
| Oct-2018 | 3.3 | 6.4 | 4.4 |
| Nov-2018 | 3.4 | 6.2 | 4.6 |
| Dec-2018 | 3.4 | 6.8 | 4.5 |
| Jan-2019 | 3.5 | 6.9 | 4.8 |
| Feb-2019 | 3.2 | 7 | 4.3 |
| Mar-2019 | 3.3 | 6.5 | 4.5 |
| Apr-2019 | 3.2 | 6.6 | 4.1 |
| May-2019 | 3.3 | 6.1 | 4.1 |
| Jun-2019 | 3.3 | 6 | 4.3 |
| Jul-2019 | 3.3 | 5.6 | 4.4 |
| Aug-2019 | 3.4 | 5.2 | 4.2 |
| Sep-2019 | 3.2 | 5.4 | 4 |
| Oct-2019 | 3.3 | 5.6 | 4.2 |
| Nov-2019 | 3.3 | 5.7 | 4.3 |
| Dec-2019 | 3.1 | 6.2 | 4.3 |
| Jan-2020 | 3 | 6.1 | 4.3 |
| Feb-2020 | 3 | 6 | 4.4 |
| Mar-2020 | 3.9 | 6.8 | 6 |
| Apr-2020 | 14.1 | 16.7 | 18.9 |
| May-2020 | 12.3 | 16.7 | 17.6 |
| Jun-2020 | 10.1 | 15.3 | 14.5 |
| Jul-2020 | 9.2 | 14.4 | 12.7 |
| Aug-2020 | 7.4 | 12.8 | 10.5 |
| Sep-2020 | 7 | 12 | 10.3 |
| Oct-2020 | 6 | 10.8 | 8.8 |
| Nov-2020 | 5.9 | 10.3 | 8.4 |
| Dec-2020 | 6 | 9.9 | 9.3 |
| Jan-2021 | 5.7 | 9.2 | 8.6 |
| Feb-2021 | 5.6 | 9.9 | 8.5 |
| Mar-2021 | 5.4% | 9.6% | 7.9% |
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics' Current Population Survey, public data series
Labor force participation rate and employment-to-population ratio of workers ages 25–54, by gender, 1989–2021
| date | Labor force participation rate, men | Labor force participation rate, women | Employment-to-population ratio, men | Employment-to-population ratio, women |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan-1989 | 93.8 | 73.6 | 89.9 | 70.5 |
| Feb-1989 | 93.7 | 73.5 | 89.8 | 70.4 |
| Mar-1989 | 93.7 | 73.4 | 89.9 | 70.2 |
| Apr-1989 | 93.7 | 73.5 | 89.7 | 70.3 |
| May-1989 | 93.5 | 73.4 | 89.8 | 70.1 |
| Jun-1989 | 93.5 | 73.3 | 90 | 70.1 |
| Jul-1989 | 93.6 | 73.4 | 89.9 | 70 |
| Aug-1989 | 93.5 | 73.5 | 90 | 70.2 |
| Sep-1989 | 93.6 | 74 | 89.7 | 70.7 |
| Oct-1989 | 93.7 | 73.8 | 89.8 | 70.5 |
| Nov-1989 | 93.9 | 74.1 | 89.9 | 70.8 |
| Dec-1989 | 93.8 | 74.1 | 90 | 70.7 |
| Jan-1990 | 93.9 | 74.1 | 89.9 | 70.9 |
| Feb-1990 | 94 | 74 | 90.1 | 70.8 |
| Mar-1990 | 93.6 | 74 | 89.8 | 70.8 |
| Apr-1990 | 93.5 | 73.9 | 89.4 | 70.7 |
| May-1990 | 93.3 | 74.1 | 89.3 | 70.8 |
| Jun-1990 | 93.3 | 73.9 | 89.3 | 70.6 |
| Jul-1990 | 93.2 | 74 | 89 | 70.6 |
| Aug-1990 | 93.3 | 74 | 88.9 | 70.5 |
| Sep-1990 | 93.1 | 74 | 88.7 | 70.5 |
| Oct-1990 | 93.2 | 73.9 | 88.6 | 70.4 |
| Nov-1990 | 93.4 | 73.9 | 88.5 | 70.2 |
| Dec-1990 | 93.1 | 73.9 | 88.1 | 70.1 |
| Jan-1991 | 93.2 | 73.7 | 88.2 | 69.9 |
| Feb-1991 | 93.4 | 73.9 | 88 | 70.1 |
| Mar-1991 | 93.3 | 74 | 87.7 | 70 |
| Apr-1991 | 93.4 | 74.3 | 87.9 | 70.3 |
| May-1991 | 93 | 74.1 | 87.4 | 70.1 |
| Jun-1991 | 93.1 | 74.2 | 87.5 | 70.2 |
| Jul-1991 | 93 | 73.9 | 87.5 | 70.1 |
| Aug-1991 | 92.9 | 74.1 | 87.4 | 70 |
| Sep-1991 | 93.1 | 74.1 | 87.5 | 70.1 |
| Oct-1991 | 92.9 | 74.2 | 87.2 | 70 |
| Nov-1991 | 92.9 | 74.1 | 87.1 | 70 |
| Dec-1991 | 92.7 | 74.1 | 86.9 | 69.9 |
| Jan-1992 | 93 | 74.4 | 86.9 | 70.1 |
| Feb-1992 | 92.8 | 74.4 | 86.6 | 70 |
| Mar-1992 | 92.9 | 74.5 | 86.8 | 70 |
| Apr-1992 | 93 | 74.7 | 86.9 | 70.2 |
| May-1992 | 93.2 | 74.8 | 86.8 | 70.3 |
| Jun-1992 | 93.3 | 74.9 | 86.9 | 70.3 |
| Jul-1992 | 93.1 | 74.8 | 86.9 | 70.2 |
| Aug-1992 | 93.2 | 74.8 | 86.9 | 70.2 |
| Sep-1992 | 93.1 | 74.5 | 86.8 | 70.1 |
| Oct-1992 | 93 | 74.4 | 86.7 | 70 |
| Nov-1992 | 92.7 | 74.6 | 86.6 | 70.1 |
| Dec-1992 | 92.6 | 74.6 | 86.7 | 69.9 |
| Jan-1993 | 92.6 | 74.3 | 86.8 | 69.9 |
| Feb-1993 | 92.4 | 74.2 | 86.7 | 69.9 |
| Mar-1993 | 92.4 | 74.4 | 86.5 | 70.3 |
| Apr-1993 | 92.5 | 74.1 | 86.8 | 69.9 |
| May-1993 | 92.6 | 74.5 | 87 | 70.2 |
| Jun-1993 | 92.8 | 74.6 | 87.1 | 70.4 |
| Jul-1993 | 92.7 | 74.6 | 87.1 | 70.4 |
| Aug-1993 | 92.7 | 74.8 | 87.2 | 70.6 |
| Sep-1993 | 92.5 | 74.7 | 87.1 | 70.5 |
| Oct-1993 | 92.5 | 74.8 | 87.1 | 70.5 |
| Nov-1993 | 92.6 | 74.9 | 87.5 | 70.7 |
| Dec-1993 | 92.4 | 75.2 | 87.4 | 71 |
| Jan-1994 | 92.1 | 75 | 87.1 | 71 |
| Feb-1994 | 91.9 | 75.3 | 86.8 | 71.3 |
| Mar-1994 | 91.7 | 75.2 | 87 | 71.1 |
| Apr-1994 | 91.7 | 75.1 | 87.1 | 71.2 |
| May-1994 | 91.6 | 75.2 | 87.3 | 71.3 |
| Jun-1994 | 91.4 | 74.7 | 87 | 70.9 |
| Jul-1994 | 91.5 | 75.1 | 87 | 71.4 |
| Aug-1994 | 91.4 | 75.4 | 87 | 71.7 |
| Sep-1994 | 91.6 | 76 | 87.4 | 72.1 |
| Oct-1994 | 91.8 | 75.5 | 87.5 | 71.9 |
| Nov-1994 | 91.9 | 75.6 | 87.9 | 72 |
| Dec-1994 | 92 | 75.2 | 88 | 71.8 |
| Jan-1995 | 92 | 75.3 | 87.9 | 71.8 |
| Feb-1995 | 92 | 75.5 | 88.1 | 72.2 |
| Mar-1995 | 91.8 | 75.5 | 87.9 | 72.1 |
| Apr-1995 | 91.8 | 75.9 | 87.7 | 72.2 |
| May-1995 | 91.8 | 75.5 | 87.6 | 72.1 |
| Jun-1995 | 91.6 | 75.2 | 87.6 | 71.7 |
| Jul-1995 | 91.4 | 75.7 | 87.5 | 72.2 |
| Aug-1995 | 91.4 | 75.6 | 87.4 | 72.1 |
| Sep-1995 | 91.5 | 75.7 | 87.6 | 72.3 |
| Oct-1995 | 91.3 | 75.8 | 87.6 | 72.3 |
| Nov-1995 | 91.3 | 76 | 87.2 | 72.6 |
| Dec-1995 | 91.3 | 75.7 | 87.2 | 72.4 |
| Jan-1996 | 91.5 | 75.8 | 87.5 | 72.4 |
| Feb-1996 | 91.7 | 75.7 | 87.7 | 72.4 |
| Mar-1996 | 91.5 | 75.8 | 87.5 | 72.6 |
| Apr-1996 | 91.6 | 75.9 | 87.5 | 72.6 |
| May-1996 | 91.6 | 76 | 87.6 | 72.5 |
| Jun-1996 | 91.6 | 76 | 87.8 | 72.7 |
| Jul-1996 | 91.8 | 76.3 | 88.1 | 72.9 |
| Aug-1996 | 92 | 76.3 | 88.4 | 73 |
| Sep-1996 | 91.9 | 76.2 | 88.1 | 73 |
| Oct-1996 | 92 | 76.4 | 88.3 | 73.1 |
| Nov-1996 | 92 | 76.5 | 88.2 | 73 |
| Dec-1996 | 91.9 | 76.6 | 88.3 | 73 |
| Jan-1997 | 91.9 | 76.5 | 88.2 | 73.2 |
| Feb-1997 | 91.9 | 76.3 | 88.2 | 72.9 |
| Mar-1997 | 91.8 | 76.6 | 88.2 | 73.3 |
| Apr-1997 | 91.7 | 76.5 | 88.1 | 73.5 |
| May-1997 | 91.5 | 76.4 | 88.1 | 73.3 |
| Jun-1997 | 91.8 | 76.7 | 88.4 | 73.6 |
| Jul-1997 | 91.9 | 77 | 88.6 | 73.9 |
| Aug-1997 | 92 | 77.2 | 88.7 | 74.1 |
| Sep-1997 | 91.9 | 77 | 88.6 | 73.9 |
| Oct-1997 | 91.8 | 76.8 | 88.6 | 73.8 |
| Nov-1997 | 91.8 | 76.5 | 88.7 | 73.6 |
| Dec-1997 | 91.8 | 76.6 | 88.6 | 73.6 |
| Jan-1998 | 91.9 | 76.4 | 88.8 | 73.4 |
| Feb-1998 | 91.8 | 76.5 | 88.9 | 73.4 |
| Mar-1998 | 92 | 76.7 | 88.8 | 73.5 |
| Apr-1998 | 91.8 | 76.3 | 88.9 | 73.5 |
| May-1998 | 91.7 | 76.3 | 88.8 | 73.4 |
| Jun-1998 | 91.7 | 76.4 | 88.7 | 73.6 |
| Jul-1998 | 91.9 | 76.5 | 88.7 | 73.8 |
| Aug-1998 | 91.7 | 76.6 | 88.8 | 73.9 |
| Sep-1998 | 91.7 | 76.8 | 88.8 | 74 |
| Oct-1998 | 91.8 | 76.7 | 88.8 | 73.7 |
| Nov-1998 | 91.9 | 76.6 | 89.1 | 73.7 |
| Dec-1998 | 91.8 | 76.8 | 88.9 | 74 |
| Jan-1999 | 92.5 | 77 | 89.7 | 74.3 |
| Feb-1999 | 92.2 | 76.8 | 89.2 | 74.1 |
| Mar-1999 | 91.8 | 76.5 | 89.2 | 73.8 |
| Apr-1999 | 91.9 | 76.6 | 89.1 | 73.8 |
| May-1999 | 91.8 | 76.7 | 88.9 | 74.1 |
| Jun-1999 | 91.6 | 76.9 | 88.8 | 74.2 |
| Jul-1999 | 91.6 | 76.6 | 88.8 | 73.8 |
| Aug-1999 | 91.5 | 76.7 | 88.7 | 74.1 |
| Sep-1999 | 91.4 | 76.9 | 88.6 | 74.3 |
| Oct-1999 | 91.4 | 77 | 88.7 | 74.5 |
| Nov-1999 | 91.6 | 77.1 | 89 | 74.5 |
| Dec-1999 | 91.6 | 76.7 | 89 | 74.3 |
| Jan-2000 | 92.1 | 77 | 89.5 | 74.4 |
| Feb-2000 | 92.2 | 76.9 | 89.4 | 74.5 |
| Mar-2000 | 91.9 | 77.1 | 89.3 | 74.5 |
| Apr-2000 | 91.7 | 77.3 | 89.2 | 74.9 |
| May-2000 | 91.5 | 77 | 89 | 74.4 |
| Jun-2000 | 91.7 | 76.8 | 89.1 | 74.2 |
| Jul-2000 | 91.5 | 76.6 | 88.9 | 73.9 |
| Aug-2000 | 91.5 | 76.3 | 88.9 | 73.6 |
| Sep-2000 | 91.3 | 76.4 | 88.6 | 73.9 |
| Oct-2000 | 91.2 | 76.3 | 88.6 | 73.9 |
| Nov-2000 | 91.4 | 76.5 | 88.8 | 74.1 |
| Dec-2000 | 91.6 | 76.5 | 88.9 | 74.1 |
| Jan-2001 | 91.7 | 76.9 | 88.9 | 74.2 |
| Feb-2001 | 91.6 | 76.8 | 88.8 | 74.2 |
| Mar-2001 | 91.5 | 76.9 | 88.5 | 74.3 |
| Apr-2001 | 91.4 | 76.3 | 88.3 | 73.7 |
| May-2001 | 91.4 | 76.4 | 88.3 | 73.7 |
| Jun-2001 | 91.3 | 76.2 | 88.1 | 73.4 |
| Jul-2001 | 91.2 | 76.2 | 87.9 | 73.4 |
| Aug-2001 | 91.1 | 76.2 | 87.6 | 73.2 |
| Sep-2001 | 91.1 | 76.2 | 87.6 | 73.1 |
| Oct-2001 | 91.3 | 76.1 | 87.4 | 72.7 |
| Nov-2001 | 91 | 76.2 | 87 | 72.6 |
| Dec-2001 | 91.2 | 76.3 | 87.1 | 72.6 |
| Jan-2002 | 91.1 | 76.1 | 86.8 | 72.5 |
| Feb-2002 | 91.3 | 76.4 | 87.1 | 72.7 |
| Mar-2002 | 91.3 | 76.1 | 87 | 72.5 |
| Apr-2002 | 91.2 | 76.2 | 86.8 | 72.5 |
| May-2002 | 91.3 | 76.1 | 86.9 | 72.2 |
| Jun-2002 | 91 | 75.7 | 86.5 | 72.1 |
| Jul-2002 | 90.9 | 75.5 | 86.5 | 71.9 |
| Aug-2002 | 91.1 | 75.7 | 86.8 | 72.1 |
| Sep-2002 | 91.1 | 75.8 | 86.8 | 72.2 |
| Oct-2002 | 91 | 75.7 | 86.6 | 72.1 |
| Nov-2002 | 90.6 | 75.4 | 85.9 | 71.9 |
| Dec-2002 | 90.6 | 75.8 | 86 | 72.2 |
| Jan-2003 | 90.2 | 75.8 | 85.6 | 72.4 |
| Feb-2003 | 90.5 | 75.8 | 85.9 | 72.1 |
| Mar-2003 | 90.4 | 76.1 | 85.8 | 72.4 |
| Apr-2003 | 90.7 | 76 | 85.9 | 72.4 |
| May-2003 | 90.6 | 75.9 | 85.7 | 72.2 |
| Jun-2003 | 90.7 | 76.1 | 85.8 | 72.3 |
| Jul-2003 | 90.6 | 75.6 | 85.8 | 71.9 |
| Aug-2003 | 90.7 | 75.6 | 85.7 | 72 |
| Sep-2003 | 90.7 | 75.3 | 85.9 | 71.6 |
| Oct-2003 | 90.7 | 75.3 | 85.9 | 71.6 |
| Nov-2003 | 90.7 | 75.2 | 86 | 71.7 |
| Dec-2003 | 90.7 | 75.1 | 86.4 | 71.4 |
| Jan-2004 | 90.7 | 75.2 | 86.4 | 71.6 |
| Feb-2004 | 90.4 | 75.2 | 86.2 | 71.7 |
| Mar-2004 | 90.2 | 75.5 | 86 | 71.8 |
| Apr-2004 | 90.3 | 75.4 | 86.2 | 71.8 |
| May-2004 | 90.5 | 75.3 | 86.3 | 71.9 |
| Jun-2004 | 90.5 | 75.5 | 86.5 | 71.9 |
| Jul-2004 | 90.7 | 75.4 | 86.7 | 71.9 |
| Aug-2004 | 90.5 | 75.1 | 86.5 | 71.8 |
| Sep-2004 | 90.4 | 75.2 | 86.4 | 71.9 |
| Oct-2004 | 90.2 | 75.1 | 86.3 | 71.9 |
| Nov-2004 | 90.4 | 75.2 | 86.5 | 72 |
| Dec-2004 | 90.3 | 75.1 | 86.2 | 71.8 |
| Jan-2005 | 90.3 | 75.3 | 86.5 | 72 |
| Feb-2005 | 90.5 | 75.3 | 86.7 | 71.9 |
| Mar-2005 | 90.5 | 75 | 86.8 | 71.8 |
| Apr-2005 | 90.5 | 75.2 | 87 | 72 |
| May-2005 | 90.7 | 75.3 | 87.1 | 72.1 |
| Jun-2005 | 90.4 | 75 | 87 | 71.7 |
| Jul-2005 | 90.5 | 75.3 | 87 | 71.9 |
| Aug-2005 | 90.9 | 75.2 | 87.4 | 72.1 |
| Sep-2005 | 90.6 | 75.4 | 87 | 72.1 |
| Oct-2005 | 90.4 | 75.2 | 87 | 71.9 |
| Nov-2005 | 90.3 | 75.3 | 86.8 | 71.9 |
| Dec-2005 | 90.2 | 75.4 | 86.7 | 72.1 |
| Jan-2006 | 90.4 | 75.3 | 87.2 | 72.2 |
| Feb-2006 | 90.6 | 75.5 | 87.1 | 72.4 |
| Mar-2006 | 90.9 | 75.4 | 87.4 | 72.3 |
| Apr-2006 | 90.6 | 75.3 | 87.2 | 72.1 |
| May-2006 | 90.6 | 75.3 | 87.2 | 72.3 |
| Jun-2006 | 90.5 | 75.4 | 87.2 | 72.5 |
| Jul-2006 | 90.4 | 75.7 | 87.1 | 72.7 |
| Aug-2006 | 90.5 | 75.6 | 87.1 | 72.6 |
| Sep-2006 | 90.4 | 75.5 | 87.4 | 72.5 |
| Oct-2006 | 90.4 | 75.6 | 87.4 | 72.9 |
| Nov-2006 | 90.7 | 75.5 | 87.5 | 72.7 |
| Dec-2006 | 90.9 | 75.5 | 87.7 | 72.7 |
| Jan-2007 | 91.5 | 75.6 | 88 | 72.8 |
| Feb-2007 | 91.4 | 75.3 | 87.9 | 72.6 |
| Mar-2007 | 91.2 | 75.3 | 88 | 72.7 |
| Apr-2007 | 91.1 | 75 | 87.9 | 72.2 |
| May-2007 | 90.9 | 75.3 | 87.7 | 72.5 |
| Jun-2007 | 90.7 | 75.3 | 87.5 | 72.5 |
| Jul-2007 | 90.6 | 75.4 | 87.3 | 72.4 |
| Aug-2007 | 90.5 | 75.5 | 87.2 | 72.6 |
| Sep-2007 | 90.4 | 75.4 | 87.1 | 72.5 |
| Oct-2007 | 90.3 | 75.3 | 86.9 | 72.4 |
| Nov-2007 | 90.6 | 75.5 | 87.2 | 72.5 |
| Dec-2007 | 90.9 | 75.5 | 87.2 | 72.4 |
| Jan-2008 | 91.1 | 75.7 | 87.4 | 72.7 |
| Feb-2008 | 91 | 75.5 | 87.4 | 72.6 |
| Mar-2008 | 90.9 | 75.8 | 87.1 | 72.6 |
| Apr-2008 | 90.6 | 75.8 | 86.7 | 72.7 |
| May-2008 | 90.5 | 75.9 | 86.5 | 72.6 |
| Jun-2008 | 90.5 | 76 | 86.3 | 72.6 |
| Jul-2008 | 90.7 | 75.7 | 86.2 | 72.4 |
| Aug-2008 | 90.5 | 76 | 85.8 | 72.1 |
| Sep-2008 | 90.5 | 75.8 | 85.4 | 72.3 |
| Oct-2008 | 90.4 | 75.8 | 85.2 | 71.9 |
| Nov-2008 | 90.3 | 75.9 | 84.7 | 71.7 |
| Dec-2008 | 89.9 | 75.9 | 83.7 | 71.6 |
| Jan-2009 | 90 | 75.8 | 83.1 | 71.1 |
| Feb-2009 | 89.8 | 76 | 82.5 | 71 |
| Mar-2009 | 89.7 | 75.7 | 82 | 70.6 |
| Apr-2009 | 89.9 | 75.9 | 81.8 | 70.7 |
| May-2009 | 90.1 | 75.8 | 81.5 | 70.4 |
| Jun-2009 | 90 | 75.9 | 81.5 | 70.4 |
| Jul-2009 | 89.8 | 75.8 | 81.3 | 70.4 |
| Aug-2009 | 90.1 | 75.6 | 81.2 | 70 |
| Sep-2009 | 89.8 | 75.3 | 80.8 | 69.5 |
| Oct-2009 | 89.8 | 75.3 | 80.8 | 69.4 |
| Nov-2009 | 89.6 | 75.4 | 80.7 | 69.8 |
| Dec-2009 | 88.9 | 75.2 | 80.4 | 69.2 |
| Jan-2010 | 89.2 | 75.6 | 80.7 | 69.8 |
| Feb-2010 | 89.2 | 75.5 | 80.6 | 69.7 |
| Mar-2010 | 89.5 | 75.5 | 80.8 | 69.5 |
| Apr-2010 | 89.7 | 75.6 | 81.3 | 69.6 |
| May-2010 | 89.5 | 75.2 | 81.1 | 69.3 |
| Jun-2010 | 89.5 | 75.1 | 81.1 | 69.5 |
| Jul-2010 | 89.2 | 74.8 | 81.1 | 69.1 |
| Aug-2010 | 89.3 | 74.9 | 81.2 | 69 |
| Sep-2010 | 89.3 | 74.9 | 81.2 | 69.1 |
| Oct-2010 | 88.9 | 74.9 | 81.1 | 69 |
| Nov-2010 | 88.9 | 75.3 | 80.7 | 69.1 |
| Dec-2010 | 88.6 | 75.2 | 80.8 | 69.4 |
| Jan-2011 | 88.6 | 74.9 | 81.2 | 69.3 |
| Feb-2011 | 88.7 | 74.7 | 81.4 | 69 |
| Mar-2011 | 88.8 | 74.9 | 81.4 | 69.3 |
| Apr-2011 | 88.7 | 74.9 | 81.2 | 69.1 |
| May-2011 | 89 | 74.6 | 81.6 | 68.9 |
| Jun-2011 | 88.9 | 74.6 | 81.3 | 68.8 |
| Jul-2011 | 88.6 | 74.5 | 81.1 | 69 |
| Aug-2011 | 88.7 | 74.7 | 81.4 | 68.9 |
| Sep-2011 | 88.6 | 74.6 | 81.3 | 68.7 |
| Oct-2011 | 88.4 | 74.4 | 81.1 | 68.9 |
| Nov-2011 | 88.7 | 74.4 | 81.9 | 68.8 |
| Dec-2011 | 88.7 | 74.6 | 82.1 | 68.9 |
| Jan-2012 | 88.8 | 74.5 | 82.5 | 68.9 |
| Feb-2012 | 88.7 | 74.5 | 82.4 | 68.9 |
| Mar-2012 | 88.9 | 74.5 | 82.5 | 69.2 |
| Apr-2012 | 88.7 | 74.4 | 82.5 | 69.1 |
| May-2012 | 88.6 | 74.5 | 82.5 | 69.2 |
| Jun-2012 | 88.9 | 74.4 | 82.6 | 69 |
| Jul-2012 | 88.6 | 74.5 | 82.4 | 69.1 |
| Aug-2012 | 88.6 | 74.5 | 82.4 | 69.2 |
| Sep-2012 | 88.6 | 74.6 | 82.7 | 69.5 |
| Oct-2012 | 88.8 | 74.7 | 82.9 | 69.6 |
| Nov-2012 | 88.4 | 74.3 | 82.5 | 69.4 |
| Dec-2012 | 88.6 | 74.6 | 82.8 | 69.4 |
| Jan-2013 | 88.4 | 74 | 82.6 | 68.9 |
| Feb-2013 | 88.5 | 73.9 | 82.8 | 69 |
| Mar-2013 | 88.3 | 73.9 | 82.8 | 69 |
| Apr-2013 | 88.6 | 73.7 | 82.8 | 69.1 |
| May-2013 | 88.6 | 74 | 83 | 69.3 |
| Jun-2013 | 88.6 | 74 | 82.9 | 69.2 |
| Jul-2013 | 88.5 | 74.1 | 82.9 | 69.4 |
| Aug-2013 | 88.3 | 74 | 82.6 | 69.6 |
| Sep-2013 | 88.4 | 73.9 | 82.6 | 69.6 |
| Oct-2013 | 88 | 73.5 | 82.4 | 69 |
| Nov-2013 | 88.6 | 73.8 | 83 | 69.3 |
| Dec-2013 | 88.1 | 73.8 | 83 | 69.5 |
| Jan-2014 | 88.2 | 73.9 | 83.2 | 69.8 |
| Feb-2014 | 88.1 | 74.3 | 83 | 70.1 |
| Mar-2014 | 88.3 | 74.2 | 83.5 | 69.8 |
| Apr-2014 | 87.9 | 74 | 83.2 | 69.9 |
| May-2014 | 88 | 73.8 | 83.3 | 69.8 |
| Jun-2014 | 88.3 | 74 | 83.8 | 70.2 |
| Jul-2014 | 88.3 | 73.7 | 83.8 | 69.8 |
| Aug-2014 | 88.5 | 74 | 83.9 | 70.1 |
| Sep-2014 | 88.1 | 73.7 | 84.1 | 69.8 |
| Oct-2014 | 88.1 | 73.9 | 84 | 70.1 |
| Nov-2014 | 88.1 | 73.9 | 83.9 | 70.3 |
| Dec-2014 | 88.2 | 73.8 | 84.2 | 70.3 |
| Jan-2015 | 88.5 | 73.8 | 84.3 | 70.2 |
| Feb-2015 | 88.4 | 73.6 | 84.3 | 70.3 |
| Mar-2015 | 88.5 | 73.4 | 84.5 | 70 |
| Apr-2015 | 88.4 | 73.8 | 84.4 | 70.2 |
| May-2015 | 88.3 | 74.1 | 84.3 | 70.4 |
| Jun-2015 | 88.3 | 73.8 | 84.5 | 70.5 |
| Jul-2015 | 88.1 | 73.5 | 84.4 | 70.1 |
| Aug-2015 | 88.2 | 73.5 | 84.6 | 70.2 |
| Sep-2015 | 88.2 | 73.3 | 84.6 | 70.2 |
| Oct-2015 | 88.2 | 73.6 | 84.4 | 70.3 |
| Nov-2015 | 88.1 | 73.9 | 84.4 | 70.7 |
| Dec-2015 | 88.2 | 73.9 | 84.5 | 70.6 |
| Jan-2016 | 88.4 | 74 | 84.9 | 70.7 |
| Feb-2016 | 88.4 | 74 | 84.9 | 70.8 |
| Mar-2016 | 88.7 | 74.2 | 85.2 | 70.9 |
| Apr-2016 | 88.6 | 74.2 | 84.8 | 70.9 |
| May-2016 | 88.4 | 74.2 | 84.9 | 71 |
| Jun-2016 | 88.7 | 74.2 | 85.1 | 71 |
| Jul-2016 | 88.5 | 74.2 | 84.9 | 71.4 |
| Aug-2016 | 88.5 | 74.4 | 84.9 | 71.1 |
| Sep-2016 | 88.6 | 74.7 | 84.9 | 71.4 |
| Oct-2016 | 88.6 | 74.7 | 85 | 71.5 |
| Nov-2016 | 88.5 | 74.4 | 85 | 71.4 |
| Dec-2016 | 88.5 | 74.4 | 85 | 71.4 |
| Jan-2017 | 88.8 | 74.4 | 85.3 | 71.3 |
| Feb-2017 | 88.6 | 74.7 | 85.1 | 71.6 |
| Mar-2017 | 88.5 | 74.9 | 85.2 | 72 |
| Apr-2017 | 88.6 | 75.1 | 85.4 | 72 |
| May-2017 | 88.5 | 75.1 | 85.3 | 71.9 |
| Jun-2017 | 88.6 | 75 | 85.3 | 72.2 |
| Jul-2017 | 88.7 | 75.2 | 85.3 | 72.4 |
| Aug-2017 | 88.5 | 75 | 85 | 72.1 |
| Sep-2017 | 88.7 | 75.3 | 85.6 | 72.5 |
| Oct-2017 | 88.7 | 74.8 | 85.6 | 72.2 |
| Nov-2017 | 88.5 | 75.3 | 85.6 | 72.5 |
| Dec-2017 | 88.9 | 74.9 | 86 | 72.2 |
| Jan-2018 | 88.9 | 74.7 | 85.9 | 72.1 |
| Feb-2018 | 89.1 | 75.1 | 86.4 | 72.3 |
| Mar-2018 | 89.1 | 75 | 86.2 | 72.4 |
| Apr-2018 | 89.3 | 74.9 | 86.3 | 72.2 |
| May-2018 | 89.1 | 74.9 | 86.3 | 72.5 |
| Jun-2018 | 89 | 75.4 | 86.1 | 72.8 |
| Jul-2018 | 88.9 | 75.6 | 86.3 | 73.1 |
| Aug-2018 | 88.8 | 75.4 | 86 | 72.9 |
| Sep-2018 | 88.7 | 75.3 | 85.9 | 73.1 |
| Oct-2018 | 89.1 | 75.8 | 86.2 | 73.4 |
| Nov-2018 | 89 | 75.6 | 86.3 | 73.1 |
| Dec-2018 | 88.9 | 75.8 | 86 | 73.3 |
| Jan-2019 | 89.3 | 75.8 | 86.4 | 73.3 |
| Feb-2019 | 89.2 | 75.7 | 86.5 | 73.3 |
| Mar-2019 | 89.5 | 75.6 | 86.7 | 73.1 |
| Apr-2019 | 89.2 | 75.5 | 86.4 | 73.2 |
| May-2019 | 88.9 | 75.6 | 86.3 | 73.3 |
| Jun-2019 | 88.8 | 75.9 | 86.1 | 73.6 |
| Jul-2019 | 89 | 75.4 | 86.2 | 73.2 |
| Aug-2019 | 89.1 | 76.3 | 86.3 | 74 |
| Sep-2019 | 89.2 | 76.4 | 86.4 | 74.2 |
| Oct-2019 | 89.1 | 76.8 | 86.5 | 74.4 |
| Nov-2019 | 89.3 | 76.6 | 86.7 | 74.1 |
| Dec-2019 | 89.1 | 76.9 | 86.5 | 74.5 |
| Jan-2020 | 89.3 | 76.9 | 86.6 | 74.6 |
| Feb-2020 | 89.1 | 76.8 | 86.4 | 74.5 |
| Mar-2020 | 89 | 76.2 | 85.8 | 73.3 |
| Apr-2020 | 86.4 | 73.5 | 76 | 63.4 |
| May-2020 | 87.1 | 74.2 | 77.9 | 64.9 |
| Jun-2020 | 87.8 | 75.3 | 79.6 | 67.7 |
| Jul-2020 | 87.6 | 75.2 | 79.9 | 68.1 |
| Aug-2020 | 88 | 75 | 81.6 | 69.3 |
| Sep-2020 | 87.6 | 74.4 | 81.5 | 68.9 |
| Oct-2020 | 87.9 | 74.8 | 82.1 | 70.1 |
| Nov-2020 | 87.4 | 74.5 | 81.9 | 70.2 |
| Dec-2020 | 87.3 | 74.8 | 82.3 | 70.4 |
| Jan-2021 | 87.7 | 74.8 | 82.5 | 70.4 |
| Feb-2021 | 87.6 | 74.9 | 82.6 | 70.6 |
| Mar-2021 | 87.6 | 75.2 | 82.8 | 71 |
Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Current Population Survey public data.
A more comprehensive look at unemployment rates: Unemployment rates for select workers by race/ethnicity and gender, February 2020, April 2020, and March 2021
| February 2020 | April 2020 | March 2021 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| White men | 3.5% | 12.8% | 5.2% |
| White women | 2.8% | 15.7% | 5.0% |
| Black men | 6.7% | 16.4% | 9.8% |
| Black women | 5.0% | 17.0% | 8.7% |
| Latinx men | 3.9% | 16.9% | 7.5% |
| Latinx women | 5.0% | 20.5% | 7.3% |
Notes: Data are for workers ages 20 and older. Racial and ethnic categories are not mutually exclusive; white and Black data do not exclude Latinx workers of each race. Unemployment levels are labeled for February, November, and the peak in between.
A more comprehensive look at employment losses: Employment-to-population ratios for select workers by race/ethnicity and gender, February 2020, April 2020, and March 2021
| February 2020 | April 2020 | March 2021 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| White men | 69.7% | 60.5% | 65.9 |
| White women | 56.6% | 47.1% | 53.7 |
| Black men | 64.0% | 53.2% | 60.0 |
| Black women | 60.8% | 49.6% | 54.4 |
| Latinx men | 78.5% | 64.3% | 73.4 |
| Latinx women | 59.1% | 45.0% | 54.0 |
Notes: Data are for workers ages 20 and older. Racial and ethnic categories are not mutually exclusive; white and Black data do not exclude Latinx workers of each race. Employment to population levels are labeled for February, November, and the trough in between.
Monthly change in payroll employment, 2007–2021
| date | Change in Employment |
|---|---|
| Jan-2007 | 228 |
| Feb-2007 | 81 |
| Mar-2007 | 235 |
| Apr-2007 | 49 |
| May-2007 | 151 |
| Jun-2007 | 76 |
| Jul-2007 | -31 |
| Aug-2007 | -23 |
| Sep-2007 | 80 |
| Oct-2007 | 79 |
| Nov-2007 | 110 |
| Dec-2007 | 108 |
| Jan-2008 | 11 |
| Feb-2008 | -79 |
| Mar-2008 | -49 |
| Apr-2008 | -240 |
| May-2008 | -177 |
| Jun-2008 | -171 |
| Jul-2008 | -196 |
| Aug-2008 | -278 |
| Sep-2008 | -460 |
| Oct-2008 | -481 |
| Nov-2008 | -727 |
| Dec-2008 | -706 |
| Jan-2009 | -784 |
| Feb-2009 | -743 |
| Mar-2009 | -800 |
| Apr-2009 | -695 |
| May-2009 | -342 |
| Jun-2009 | -467 |
| Jul-2009 | -340 |
| Aug-2009 | -183 |
| Sep-2009 | -241 |
| Oct-2009 | -199 |
| Nov-2009 | 12 |
| Dec-2009 | -269 |
| Jan-2010 | 2 |
| Feb-2010 | -92 |
| Mar-2010 | 181 |
| Apr-2010 | 231 |
| May-2010 | 540 |
| Jun-2010 | -139 |
| Jul-2010 | -84 |
| Aug-2010 | -5 |
| Sep-2010 | -65 |
| Oct-2010 | 268 |
| Nov-2010 | 125 |
| Dec-2010 | 72 |
| Jan-2011 | 19 |
| Feb-2011 | 212 |
| Mar-2011 | 235 |
| Apr-2011 | 314 |
| May-2011 | 101 |
| Jun-2011 | 236 |
| Jul-2011 | 60 |
| Aug-2011 | 126 |
| Sep-2011 | 233 |
| Oct-2011 | 204 |
| Nov-2011 | 132 |
| Dec-2011 | 202 |
| Jan-2012 | 354 |
| Feb-2012 | 262 |
| Mar-2012 | 240 |
| Apr-2012 | 82 |
| May-2012 | 100 |
| Jun-2012 | 73 |
| Jul-2012 | 152 |
| Aug-2012 | 172 |
| Sep-2012 | 187 |
| Oct-2012 | 159 |
| Nov-2012 | 156 |
| Dec-2012 | 239 |
| Jan-2013 | 191 |
| Feb-2013 | 278 |
| Mar-2013 | 139 |
| Apr-2013 | 191 |
| May-2013 | 222 |
| Jun-2013 | 181 |
| Jul-2013 | 112 |
| Aug-2013 | 242 |
| Sep-2013 | 187 |
| Oct-2013 | 225 |
| Nov-2013 | 264 |
| Dec-2013 | 69 |
| Jan-2014 | 175 |
| Feb-2014 | 166 |
| Mar-2014 | 254 |
| Apr-2014 | 325 |
| May-2014 | 218 |
| Jun-2014 | 326 |
| Jul-2014 | 232 |
| Aug-2014 | 188 |
| Sep-2014 | 309 |
| Oct-2014 | 252 |
| Nov-2014 | 291 |
| Dec-2014 | 268 |
| Jan-2015 | 191 |
| Feb-2015 | 271 |
| Mar-2015 | 71 |
| Apr-2015 | 284 |
| May-2015 | 331 |
| Jun-2015 | 174 |
| Jul-2015 | 302 |
| Aug-2015 | 125 |
| Sep-2015 | 155 |
| Oct-2015 | 306 |
| Nov-2015 | 237 |
| Dec-2015 | 273 |
| Jan-2016 | 108 |
| Feb-2016 | 212 |
| Mar-2016 | 237 |
| Apr-2016 | 197 |
| May-2016 | 41 |
| Jun-2016 | 258 |
| Jul-2016 | 371 |
| Aug-2016 | 143 |
| Sep-2016 | 289 |
| Oct-2016 | 118 |
| Nov-2016 | 130 |
| Dec-2016 | 214 |
| Jan-2017 | 197 |
| Feb-2017 | 183 |
| Mar-2017 | 139 |
| Apr-2017 | 220 |
| May-2017 | 141 |
| Jun-2017 | 211 |
| Jul-2017 | 228 |
| Aug-2017 | 190 |
| Sep-2017 | 42 |
| Oct-2017 | 249 |
| Nov-2017 | 196 |
| Dec-2017 | 179 |
| Jan-2018 | 81 |
| Feb-2018 | 378 |
| Mar-2018 | 195 |
| Apr-2018 | 153 |
| May-2018 | 270 |
| Jun-2018 | 214 |
| Jul-2018 | 149 |
| Aug-2018 | 229 |
| Sep-2018 | 105 |
| Oct-2018 | 212 |
| Nov-2018 | 92 |
| Dec-2018 | 240 |
| Jan-2019 | 237 |
| Feb-2019 | -50 |
| Mar-2019 | 168 |
| Apr-2019 | 219 |
| May-2019 | 63 |
| Jun-2019 | 175 |
| Jul-2019 | 193 |
| Aug-2019 | 195 |
| Sep-2019 | 221 |
| Oct-2019 | 195 |
| Nov-2019 | 234 |
| Dec-2019 | 161 |
| Jan-2020 | 315 |
| Feb-2020 | 289 |
| Mar-2020 | -1683 |
| Apr-2020 | -20679 |
| May-2020 | 2833 |
| Jun-2020 | 4846 |
| Jul-2020 | 1726 |
| Aug-2020 | 1583 |
| Sep-2020 | 716 |
| Oct-2020 | 680 |
| Nov-2020 | 264 |
| Dec-2020 | -306 |
| Jan-2021 | 233 |
| Feb-2021 | 468 |
| Mar-2021 | 916 |
Note: Shaded areas denote recessions.
Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics' Current Employment Statistics public data series
Nominal wage growth spikes from compositional shifts in the COVID-19 economy, 2007–2021
| Date | All nonfarm employees | Production/nonsupervisory workers |
|---|---|---|
| Mar-2007 | 3.39% | 4.11% |
| Apr-2007 | 3.07% | 3.85% |
| May-2007 | 3.53% | 4.08% |
| Jun-2007 | 3.61% | 4.19% |
| Jul-2007 | 3.25% | 4.11% |
| Aug-2007 | 3.40% | 4.04% |
| Sep-2007 | 3.09% | 4.09% |
| Oct-2007 | 3.03% | 3.84% |
| Nov-2007 | 3.13% | 3.89% |
| Dec-2007 | 2.97% | 3.81% |
| Jan-2008 | 2.91% | 3.74% |
| Feb-2008 | 2.85% | 3.79% |
| Mar-2008 | 3.09% | 3.83% |
| Apr-2008 | 2.79% | 3.76% |
| May-2008 | 3.02% | 3.75% |
| Jun-2008 | 2.72% | 3.50% |
| Jul-2008 | 3.01% | 3.67% |
| Aug-2008 | 3.33% | 3.89% |
| Sep-2008 | 3.23% | 3.64% |
| Oct-2008 | 3.32% | 3.81% |
| Nov-2008 | 3.60% | 3.86% |
| Dec-2008 | 3.59% | 3.90% |
| Jan-2009 | 3.68% | 3.78% |
| Feb-2009 | 3.43% | 3.60% |
| Mar-2009 | 3.28% | 3.47% |
| Apr-2009 | 3.37% | 3.35% |
| May-2009 | 2.93% | 3.06% |
| Jun-2009 | 2.83% | 2.94% |
| Jul-2009 | 2.73% | 2.71% |
| Aug-2009 | 2.44% | 2.70% |
| Sep-2009 | 2.49% | 2.75% |
| Oct-2009 | 2.53% | 2.68% |
| Nov-2009 | 2.19% | 2.68% |
| Dec-2009 | 1.91% | 2.45% |
| Jan-2010 | 2.00% | 2.61% |
| Feb-2010 | 2.09% | 2.55% |
| Mar-2010 | 1.77% | 2.22% |
| Apr-2010 | 1.81% | 2.38% |
| May-2010 | 1.95% | 2.59% |
| Jun-2010 | 1.81% | 2.48% |
| Jul-2010 | 1.85% | 2.42% |
| Aug-2010 | 1.75% | 2.36% |
| Sep-2010 | 1.84% | 2.19% |
| Oct-2010 | 1.93% | 2.45% |
| Nov-2010 | 1.65% | 2.18% |
| Dec-2010 | 1.79% | 2.07% |
| Jan-2011 | 1.96% | 2.33% |
| Feb-2011 | 1.87% | 2.12% |
| Mar-2011 | 1.87% | 2.12% |
| Apr-2011 | 1.91% | 2.11% |
| May-2011 | 2.04% | 2.10% |
| Jun-2011 | 2.13% | 2.05% |
| Jul-2011 | 2.26% | 2.26% |
| Aug-2011 | 1.99% | 1.88% |
| Sep-2011 | 1.94% | 1.94% |
| Oct-2011 | 2.07% | 1.88% |
| Nov-2011 | 1.98% | 1.82% |
| Dec-2011 | 1.98% | 1.77% |
| Jan-2012 | 1.71% | 1.40% |
| Feb-2012 | 1.75% | 1.45% |
| Mar-2012 | 2.14% | 1.71% |
| Apr-2012 | 2.05% | 1.65% |
| May-2012 | 1.74% | 1.39% |
| Jun-2012 | 1.96% | 1.60% |
| Jul-2012 | 1.77% | 1.39% |
| Aug-2012 | 1.82% | 1.39% |
| Sep-2012 | 1.99% | 1.54% |
| Oct-2012 | 1.51% | 1.18% |
| Nov-2012 | 1.94% | 1.43% |
| Dec-2012 | 2.24% | 1.74% |
| Jan-2013 | 2.24% | 1.79% |
| Feb-2013 | 2.15% | 2.04% |
| Mar-2013 | 1.93% | 1.88% |
| Apr-2013 | 2.05% | 1.83% |
| May-2013 | 2.14% | 1.88% |
| Jun-2013 | 2.17% | 2.03% |
| Jul-2013 | 2.00% | 2.03% |
| Aug-2013 | 2.30% | 2.18% |
| Sep-2013 | 2.08% | 2.28% |
| Oct-2013 | 2.25% | 2.32% |
| Nov-2013 | 2.24% | 2.37% |
| Dec-2013 | 1.85% | 2.21% |
| Jan-2014 | 1.89% | 2.26% |
| Feb-2014 | 2.31% | 2.55% |
| Mar-2014 | 2.10% | 2.45% |
| Apr-2014 | 1.97% | 2.35% |
| May-2014 | 2.13% | 2.44% |
| Jun-2014 | 1.96% | 2.24% |
| Jul-2014 | 2.09% | 2.33% |
| Aug-2014 | 2.16% | 2.48% |
| Sep-2014 | 2.08% | 2.17% |
| Oct-2014 | 2.03% | 2.22% |
| Nov-2014 | 2.03% | 2.22% |
| Dec-2014 | 1.99% | 1.77% |
| Jan-2015 | 2.15% | 2.01% |
| Feb-2015 | 1.89% | 1.46% |
| Mar-2015 | 2.18% | 1.85% |
| Apr-2015 | 2.26% | 1.95% |
| May-2015 | 2.30% | 2.19% |
| Jun-2015 | 2.21% | 2.14% |
| Jul-2015 | 2.12% | 2.04% |
| Aug-2015 | 2.24% | 1.98% |
| Sep-2015 | 2.24% | 2.13% |
| Oct-2015 | 2.48% | 2.37% |
| Nov-2015 | 2.39% | 2.12% |
| Dec-2015 | 2.52% | 2.61% |
| Jan-2016 | 2.55% | 2.45% |
| Feb-2016 | 2.42% | 2.60% |
| Mar-2016 | 2.46% | 2.49% |
| Apr-2016 | 2.57% | 2.58% |
| May-2016 | 2.48% | 2.29% |
| Jun-2016 | 2.60% | 2.48% |
| Jul-2016 | 2.80% | 2.62% |
| Aug-2016 | 2.47% | 2.51% |
| Sep-2016 | 2.63% | 2.51% |
| Oct-2016 | 2.74% | 2.41% |
| Nov-2016 | 2.65% | 2.45% |
| Dec-2016 | 2.65% | 2.45% |
| Jan-2017 | 2.52% | 2.35% |
| Feb-2017 | 2.76% | 2.44% |
| Mar-2017 | 2.59% | 2.24% |
| Apr-2017 | 2.51% | 2.24% |
| May-2017 | 2.46% | 2.33% |
| Jun-2017 | 2.50% | 2.32% |
| Jul-2017 | 2.57% | 2.32% |
| Aug-2017 | 2.57% | 2.31% |
| Sep-2017 | 2.87% | 2.59% |
| Oct-2017 | 2.32% | 2.21% |
| Nov-2017 | 2.47% | 2.35% |
| Dec-2017 | 2.70% | 2.48% |
| Jan-2018 | 2.73% | 2.52% |
| Feb-2018 | 2.57% | 2.47% |
| Mar-2018 | 2.80% | 2.79% |
| Apr-2018 | 2.83% | 2.83% |
| May-2018 | 2.94% | 2.91% |
| Jun-2018 | 2.93% | 2.91% |
| Jul-2018 | 2.85% | 2.85% |
| Aug-2018 | 3.18% | 3.08% |
| Sep-2018 | 3.02% | 2.97% |
| Oct-2018 | 3.32% | 3.25% |
| Nov-2018 | 3.35% | 3.46% |
| Dec-2018 | 3.38% | 3.54% |
| Jan-2019 | 3.26% | 3.35% |
| Feb-2019 | 3.51% | 3.53% |
| Mar-2019 | 3.43% | 3.51% |
| Apr-2019 | 3.34% | 3.46% |
| May-2019 | 3.30% | 3.58% |
| Jun-2019 | 3.40% | 3.53% |
| Jul-2019 | 3.47% | 3.65% |
| Aug-2019 | 3.45% | 3.73% |
| Sep-2019 | 3.11% | 3.67% |
| Oct-2019 | 3.22% | 3.76% |
| Nov-2019 | 3.28% | 3.52% |
| Dec-2019 | 3.01% | 3.25% |
| Jan-2020 | 3.08% | 3.33% |
| Feb-2020 | 3.00% | 3.32% |
| Mar-2020 | 3.35% | 3.52% |
| Apr-2020 | 7.98% | 7.67% |
| May-2020 | 6.57% | 6.62% |
| Jun-2020 | 4.86% | 5.41% |
| Jul-2020 | 4.78% | 4.63% |
Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Employment Statistics public data series
Employment-to-population ratio of workers ages 25–54, 1989–2021
| date | Employment to population ratio |
|---|---|
| Jan-1989 | 80.0% |
| Feb-1989 | 79.9% |
| Mar-1989 | 79.9% |
| Apr-1989 | 79.8% |
| May-1989 | 79.8% |
| Jun-1989 | 79.8% |
| Jul-1989 | 79.8% |
| Aug-1989 | 79.9% |
| Sep-1989 | 80.0% |
| Oct-1989 | 79.9% |
| Nov-1989 | 80.2% |
| Dec-1989 | 80.1% |
| Jan-1990 | 80.2% |
| Feb-1990 | 80.2% |
| Mar-1990 | 80.1% |
| Apr-1990 | 79.9% |
| May-1990 | 79.9% |
| Jun-1990 | 79.8% |
| Jul-1990 | 79.6% |
| Aug-1990 | 79.5% |
| Sep-1990 | 79.4% |
| Oct-1990 | 79.4% |
| Nov-1990 | 79.2% |
| Dec-1990 | 79.0% |
| Jan-1991 | 78.9% |
| Feb-1991 | 78.9% |
| Mar-1991 | 78.7% |
| Apr-1991 | 79.0% |
| May-1991 | 78.6% |
| Jun-1991 | 78.7% |
| Jul-1991 | 78.6% |
| Aug-1991 | 78.5% |
| Sep-1991 | 78.6% |
| Oct-1991 | 78.5% |
| Nov-1991 | 78.4% |
| Dec-1991 | 78.3% |
| Jan-1992 | 78.4% |
| Feb-1992 | 78.2% |
| Mar-1992 | 78.2% |
| Apr-1992 | 78.4% |
| May-1992 | 78.4% |
| Jun-1992 | 78.5% |
| Jul-1992 | 78.4% |
| Aug-1992 | 78.4% |
| Sep-1992 | 78.3% |
| Oct-1992 | 78.2% |
| Nov-1992 | 78.2% |
| Dec-1992 | 78.2% |
| Jan-1993 | 78.2% |
| Feb-1993 | 78.1% |
| Mar-1993 | 78.2% |
| Apr-1993 | 78.2% |
| May-1993 | 78.5% |
| Jun-1993 | 78.6% |
| Jul-1993 | 78.6% |
| Aug-1993 | 78.8% |
| Sep-1993 | 78.6% |
| Oct-1993 | 78.7% |
| Nov-1993 | 79.0% |
| Dec-1993 | 79.0% |
| Jan-1994 | 78.9% |
| Feb-1994 | 78.9% |
| Mar-1994 | 78.9% |
| Apr-1994 | 79.0% |
| May-1994 | 79.2% |
| Jun-1994 | 78.8% |
| Jul-1994 | 79.1% |
| Aug-1994 | 79.2% |
| Sep-1994 | 79.6% |
| Oct-1994 | 79.6% |
| Nov-1994 | 79.8% |
| Dec-1994 | 79.8% |
| Jan-1995 | 79.7% |
| Feb-1995 | 80.0% |
| Mar-1995 | 79.9% |
| Apr-1995 | 79.8% |
| May-1995 | 79.7% |
| Jun-1995 | 79.5% |
| Jul-1995 | 79.7% |
| Aug-1995 | 79.6% |
| Sep-1995 | 79.8% |
| Oct-1995 | 79.8% |
| Nov-1995 | 79.7% |
| Dec-1995 | 79.7% |
| Jan-1996 | 79.8% |
| Feb-1996 | 79.9% |
| Mar-1996 | 79.9% |
| Apr-1996 | 79.9% |
| May-1996 | 80.0% |
| Jun-1996 | 80.1% |
| Jul-1996 | 80.4% |
| Aug-1996 | 80.5% |
| Sep-1996 | 80.4% |
| Oct-1996 | 80.6% |
| Nov-1996 | 80.5% |
| Dec-1996 | 80.5% |
| Jan-1997 | 80.5% |
| Feb-1997 | 80.4% |
| Mar-1997 | 80.6% |
| Apr-1997 | 80.7% |
| May-1997 | 80.6% |
| Jun-1997 | 80.9% |
| Jul-1997 | 81.1% |
| Aug-1997 | 81.3% |
| Sep-1997 | 81.1% |
| Oct-1997 | 81.1% |
| Nov-1997 | 81.0% |
| Dec-1997 | 81.0% |
| Jan-1998 | 81.0% |
| Feb-1998 | 81.0% |
| Mar-1998 | 81.0% |
| Apr-1998 | 81.1% |
| May-1998 | 81.0% |
| Jun-1998 | 81.0% |
| Jul-1998 | 81.1% |
| Aug-1998 | 81.2% |
| Sep-1998 | 81.3% |
| Oct-1998 | 81.1% |
| Nov-1998 | 81.2% |
| Dec-1998 | 81.3% |
| Jan-1999 | 81.8% |
| Feb-1999 | 81.5% |
| Mar-1999 | 81.3% |
| Apr-1999 | 81.3% |
| May-1999 | 81.4% |
| Jun-1999 | 81.4% |
| Jul-1999 | 81.2% |
| Aug-1999 | 81.3% |
| Sep-1999 | 81.3% |
| Oct-1999 | 81.5% |
| Nov-1999 | 81.6% |
| Dec-1999 | 81.5% |
| Jan-2000 | 81.8% |
| Feb-2000 | 81.8% |
| Mar-2000 | 81.7% |
| Apr-2000 | 81.9% |
| May-2000 | 81.5% |
| Jun-2000 | 81.5% |
| Jul-2000 | 81.3% |
| Aug-2000 | 81.1% |
| Sep-2000 | 81.1% |
| Oct-2000 | 81.1% |
| Nov-2000 | 81.3% |
| Dec-2000 | 81.4% |
| Jan-2001 | 81.4% |
| Feb-2001 | 81.3% |
| Mar-2001 | 81.3% |
| Apr-2001 | 80.9% |
| May-2001 | 80.8% |
| Jun-2001 | 80.6% |
| Jul-2001 | 80.5% |
| Aug-2001 | 80.2% |
| Sep-2001 | 80.2% |
| Oct-2001 | 79.9% |
| Nov-2001 | 79.7% |
| Dec-2001 | 79.8% |
| Jan-2002 | 79.6% |
| Feb-2002 | 79.8% |
| Mar-2002 | 79.6% |
| Apr-2002 | 79.5% |
| May-2002 | 79.4% |
| Jun-2002 | 79.2% |
| Jul-2002 | 79.1% |
| Aug-2002 | 79.3% |
| Sep-2002 | 79.4% |
| Oct-2002 | 79.2% |
| Nov-2002 | 78.8% |
| Dec-2002 | 79.0% |
| Jan-2003 | 78.9% |
| Feb-2003 | 78.9% |
| Mar-2003 | 79.0% |
| Apr-2003 | 79.1% |
| May-2003 | 78.9% |
| Jun-2003 | 78.9% |
| Jul-2003 | 78.8% |
| Aug-2003 | 78.7% |
| Sep-2003 | 78.6% |
| Oct-2003 | 78.6% |
| Nov-2003 | 78.7% |
| Dec-2003 | 78.8% |
| Jan-2004 | 78.9% |
| Feb-2004 | 78.8% |
| Mar-2004 | 78.7% |
| Apr-2004 | 78.9% |
| May-2004 | 79.0% |
| Jun-2004 | 79.1% |
| Jul-2004 | 79.2% |
| Aug-2004 | 79.0% |
| Sep-2004 | 79.0% |
| Oct-2004 | 79.0% |
| Nov-2004 | 79.1% |
| Dec-2004 | 78.9% |
| Jan-2005 | 79.2% |
| Feb-2005 | 79.2% |
| Mar-2005 | 79.2% |
| Apr-2005 | 79.4% |
| May-2005 | 79.5% |
| Jun-2005 | 79.2% |
| Jul-2005 | 79.4% |
| Aug-2005 | 79.6% |
| Sep-2005 | 79.4% |
| Oct-2005 | 79.3% |
| Nov-2005 | 79.2% |
| Dec-2005 | 79.3% |
| Jan-2006 | 79.6% |
| Feb-2006 | 79.7% |
| Mar-2006 | 79.8% |
| Apr-2006 | 79.6% |
| May-2006 | 79.7% |
| Jun-2006 | 79.8% |
| Jul-2006 | 79.8% |
| Aug-2006 | 79.8% |
| Sep-2006 | 79.9% |
| Oct-2006 | 80.1% |
| Nov-2006 | 80.0% |
| Dec-2006 | 80.1% |
| Jan-2007 | 80.3% |
| Feb-2007 | 80.1% |
| Mar-2007 | 80.2% |
| Apr-2007 | 80.0% |
| May-2007 | 80.0% |
| Jun-2007 | 79.9% |
| Jul-2007 | 79.8% |
| Aug-2007 | 79.8% |
| Sep-2007 | 79.7% |
| Oct-2007 | 79.6% |
| Nov-2007 | 79.7% |
| Dec-2007 | 79.7% |
| Jan-2008 | 80.0% |
| Feb-2008 | 79.9% |
| Mar-2008 | 79.8% |
| Apr-2008 | 79.6% |
| May-2008 | 79.5% |
| Jun-2008 | 79.4% |
| Jul-2008 | 79.2% |
| Aug-2008 | 78.8% |
| Sep-2008 | 78.8% |
| Oct-2008 | 78.4% |
| Nov-2008 | 78.1% |
| Dec-2008 | 77.6% |
| Jan-2009 | 77.0% |
| Feb-2009 | 76.7% |
| Mar-2009 | 76.2% |
| Apr-2009 | 76.2% |
| May-2009 | 75.9% |
| Jun-2009 | 75.9% |
| Jul-2009 | 75.8% |
| Aug-2009 | 75.6% |
| Sep-2009 | 75.1% |
| Oct-2009 | 75.0% |
| Nov-2009 | 75.2% |
| Dec-2009 | 74.8% |
| Jan-2010 | 75.1% |
| Feb-2010 | 75.1% |
| Mar-2010 | 75.1% |
| Apr-2010 | 75.4% |
| May-2010 | 75.1% |
| Jun-2010 | 75.2% |
| Jul-2010 | 75.1% |
| Aug-2010 | 75.0% |
| Sep-2010 | 75.1% |
| Oct-2010 | 75.0% |
| Nov-2010 | 74.8% |
| Dec-2010 | 75.0% |
| Jan-2011 | 75.2% |
| Feb-2011 | 75.1% |
| Mar-2011 | 75.3% |
| Apr-2011 | 75.1% |
| May-2011 | 75.2% |
| Jun-2011 | 75.0% |
| Jul-2011 | 75.0% |
| Aug-2011 | 75.1% |
| Sep-2011 | 74.9% |
| Oct-2011 | 74.9% |
| Nov-2011 | 75.3% |
| Dec-2011 | 75.4% |
| Jan-2012 | 75.5% |
| Feb-2012 | 75.5% |
| Mar-2012 | 75.7% |
| Apr-2012 | 75.7% |
| May-2012 | 75.7% |
| Jun-2012 | 75.6% |
| Jul-2012 | 75.6% |
| Aug-2012 | 75.7% |
| Sep-2012 | 76.0% |
| Oct-2012 | 76.1% |
| Nov-2012 | 75.8% |
| Dec-2012 | 76.0% |
| Jan-2013 | 75.6% |
| Feb-2013 | 75.8% |
| Mar-2013 | 75.8% |
| Apr-2013 | 75.8% |
| May-2013 | 76.0% |
| Jun-2013 | 75.9% |
| Jul-2013 | 76.0% |
| Aug-2013 | 76.0% |
| Sep-2013 | 76.0% |
| Oct-2013 | 75.6% |
| Nov-2013 | 76.1% |
| Dec-2013 | 76.1% |
| Jan-2014 | 76.4% |
| Feb-2014 | 76.4% |
| Mar-2014 | 76.5% |
| Apr-2014 | 76.5% |
| May-2014 | 76.4% |
| Jun-2014 | 76.9% |
| Jul-2014 | 76.7% |
| Aug-2014 | 76.9% |
| Sep-2014 | 76.8% |
| Oct-2014 | 76.9% |
| Nov-2014 | 76.9% |
| Dec-2014 | 77.1% |
| Jan-2015 | 77.1% |
| Feb-2015 | 77.2% |
| Mar-2015 | 77.1% |
| Apr-2015 | 77.2% |
| May-2015 | 77.2% |
| Jun-2015 | 77.4% |
| Jul-2015 | 77.1% |
| Aug-2015 | 77.3% |
| Sep-2015 | 77.2% |
| Oct-2015 | 77.2% |
| Nov-2015 | 77.4% |
| Dec-2015 | 77.4% |
| Jan-2016 | 77.7% |
| Feb-2016 | 77.8% |
| Mar-2016 | 77.9% |
| Apr-2016 | 77.8% |
| May-2016 | 77.9% |
| Jun-2016 | 77.9% |
| Jul-2016 | 78.0% |
| Aug-2016 | 77.9% |
| Sep-2016 | 78.0% |
| Oct-2016 | 78.1% |
| Nov-2016 | 78.1% |
| Dec-2016 | 78.1% |
| Jan-2017 | 78.2% |
| Feb-2017 | 78.3% |
| Mar-2017 | 78.5% |
| Apr-2017 | 78.6% |
| May-2017 | 78.5% |
| Jun-2017 | 78.6% |
| Jul-2017 | 78.8% |
| Aug-2017 | 78.5% |
| Sep-2017 | 79.0% |
| Oct-2017 | 78.8% |
| Nov-2017 | 79.0% |
| Dec-2017 | 79.0% |
| Jan-2018 | 78.9% |
| Feb-2018 | 79.2% |
| Mar-2018 | 79.2% |
| Apr-2018 | 79.1% |
| May-2018 | 79.3% |
| Jun-2018 | 79.4% |
| Jul-2018 | 79.6% |
| Aug-2018 | 79.4% |
| Sep-2018 | 79.4% |
| Oct-2018 | 79.7% |
| Nov-2018 | 79.6% |
| Dec-2018 | 79.6% |
| Jan-2019 | 79.8% |
| Feb-2019 | 79.8% |
| Mar-2019 | 79.8% |
| Apr-2019 | 79.7% |
| May-2019 | 79.7% |
| Jun-2019 | 79.8% |
| Jul-2019 | 79.6% |
| Aug-2019 | 80.1% |
| Sep-2019 | 80.2% |
| Oct-2019 | 80.3% |
| Nov-2019 | 80.3% |
| Dec-2019 | 80.4% |
| Jan-2020 | 80.5% |
| Feb-2020 | 80.4% |
| Mar-2020 | 79.5% |
| Apr-2020 | 69.6% |
| May-2020 | 71.3% |
| Jun-2020 | 73.6% |
| Jul-2020 | 73.9% |
| Aug-2020 | 75.3% |
| Sep-2020 | 75.1% |
| Oct-2020 | 76.0% |
| Nov-2020 | 76.0% |
| Dec-2020 | 76.3% |
| Jan-2021 | 76.4% |
| Feb-2021 | 76.5% |
| Mar-2021 | 76.8% |
Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Current Population Survey public data
Unemployment rate, 1948–2021
| date | Unemployment Rate |
|---|---|
| Jan-1948 | 3.40% |
| Feb-1948 | 3.80% |
| Mar-1948 | 4.00% |
| Apr-1948 | 3.90% |
| May-1948 | 3.50% |
| Jun-1948 | 3.60% |
| Jul-1948 | 3.60% |
| Aug-1948 | 3.90% |
| Sep-1948 | 3.80% |
| Oct-1948 | 3.70% |
| Nov-1948 | 3.80% |
| Dec-1948 | 4.00% |
| Jan-1949 | 4.30% |
| Feb-1949 | 4.70% |
| Mar-1949 | 5.00% |
| Apr-1949 | 5.30% |
| May-1949 | 6.10% |
| Jun-1949 | 6.20% |
| Jul-1949 | 6.70% |
| Aug-1949 | 6.80% |
| Sep-1949 | 6.60% |
| Oct-1949 | 7.90% |
| Nov-1949 | 6.40% |
| Dec-1949 | 6.60% |
| Jan-1950 | 6.50% |
| Feb-1950 | 6.40% |
| Mar-1950 | 6.30% |
| Apr-1950 | 5.80% |
| May-1950 | 5.50% |
| Jun-1950 | 5.40% |
| Jul-1950 | 5.00% |
| Aug-1950 | 4.50% |
| Sep-1950 | 4.40% |
| Oct-1950 | 4.20% |
| Nov-1950 | 4.20% |
| Dec-1950 | 4.30% |
| Jan-1951 | 3.70% |
| Feb-1951 | 3.40% |
| Mar-1951 | 3.40% |
| Apr-1951 | 3.10% |
| May-1951 | 3.00% |
| Jun-1951 | 3.20% |
| Jul-1951 | 3.10% |
| Aug-1951 | 3.10% |
| Sep-1951 | 3.30% |
| Oct-1951 | 3.50% |
| Nov-1951 | 3.50% |
| Dec-1951 | 3.10% |
| Jan-1952 | 3.20% |
| Feb-1952 | 3.10% |
| Mar-1952 | 2.90% |
| Apr-1952 | 2.90% |
| May-1952 | 3.00% |
| Jun-1952 | 3.00% |
| Jul-1952 | 3.20% |
| Aug-1952 | 3.40% |
| Sep-1952 | 3.10% |
| Oct-1952 | 3.00% |
| Nov-1952 | 2.80% |
| Dec-1952 | 2.70% |
| Jan-1953 | 2.90% |
| Feb-1953 | 2.60% |
| Mar-1953 | 2.60% |
| Apr-1953 | 2.70% |
| May-1953 | 2.50% |
| Jun-1953 | 2.50% |
| Jul-1953 | 2.60% |
| Aug-1953 | 2.70% |
| Sep-1953 | 2.90% |
| Oct-1953 | 3.10% |
| Nov-1953 | 3.50% |
| Dec-1953 | 4.50% |
| Jan-1954 | 4.90% |
| Feb-1954 | 5.20% |
| Mar-1954 | 5.70% |
| Apr-1954 | 5.90% |
| May-1954 | 5.90% |
| Jun-1954 | 5.60% |
| Jul-1954 | 5.80% |
| Aug-1954 | 6.00% |
| Sep-1954 | 6.10% |
| Oct-1954 | 5.70% |
| Nov-1954 | 5.30% |
| Dec-1954 | 5.00% |
| Jan-1955 | 4.90% |
| Feb-1955 | 4.70% |
| Mar-1955 | 4.60% |
| Apr-1955 | 4.70% |
| May-1955 | 4.30% |
| Jun-1955 | 4.20% |
| Jul-1955 | 4.00% |
| Aug-1955 | 4.20% |
| Sep-1955 | 4.10% |
| Oct-1955 | 4.30% |
| Nov-1955 | 4.20% |
| Dec-1955 | 4.20% |
| Jan-1956 | 4.00% |
| Feb-1956 | 3.90% |
| Mar-1956 | 4.20% |
| Apr-1956 | 4.00% |
| May-1956 | 4.30% |
| Jun-1956 | 4.30% |
| Jul-1956 | 4.40% |
| Aug-1956 | 4.10% |
| Sep-1956 | 3.90% |
| Oct-1956 | 3.90% |
| Nov-1956 | 4.30% |
| Dec-1956 | 4.20% |
| Jan-1957 | 4.20% |
| Feb-1957 | 3.90% |
| Mar-1957 | 3.70% |
| Apr-1957 | 3.90% |
| May-1957 | 4.10% |
| Jun-1957 | 4.30% |
| Jul-1957 | 4.20% |
| Aug-1957 | 4.10% |
| Sep-1957 | 4.40% |
| Oct-1957 | 4.50% |
| Nov-1957 | 5.10% |
| Dec-1957 | 5.20% |
| Jan-1958 | 5.80% |
| Feb-1958 | 6.40% |
| Mar-1958 | 6.70% |
| Apr-1958 | 7.40% |
| May-1958 | 7.40% |
| Jun-1958 | 7.30% |
| Jul-1958 | 7.50% |
| Aug-1958 | 7.40% |
| Sep-1958 | 7.10% |
| Oct-1958 | 6.70% |
| Nov-1958 | 6.20% |
| Dec-1958 | 6.20% |
| Jan-1959 | 6.00% |
| Feb-1959 | 5.90% |
| Mar-1959 | 5.60% |
| Apr-1959 | 5.20% |
| May-1959 | 5.10% |
| Jun-1959 | 5.00% |
| Jul-1959 | 5.10% |
| Aug-1959 | 5.20% |
| Sep-1959 | 5.50% |
| Oct-1959 | 5.70% |
| Nov-1959 | 5.80% |
| Dec-1959 | 5.30% |
| Jan-1960 | 5.20% |
| Feb-1960 | 4.80% |
| Mar-1960 | 5.40% |
| Apr-1960 | 5.20% |
| May-1960 | 5.10% |
| Jun-1960 | 5.40% |
| Jul-1960 | 5.50% |
| Aug-1960 | 5.60% |
| Sep-1960 | 5.50% |
| Oct-1960 | 6.10% |
| Nov-1960 | 6.10% |
| Dec-1960 | 6.60% |
| Jan-1961 | 6.60% |
| Feb-1961 | 6.90% |
| Mar-1961 | 6.90% |
| Apr-1961 | 7.00% |
| May-1961 | 7.10% |
| Jun-1961 | 6.90% |
| Jul-1961 | 7.00% |
| Aug-1961 | 6.60% |
| Sep-1961 | 6.70% |
| Oct-1961 | 6.50% |
| Nov-1961 | 6.10% |
| Dec-1961 | 6.00% |
| Jan-1962 | 5.80% |
| Feb-1962 | 5.50% |
| Mar-1962 | 5.60% |
| Apr-1962 | 5.60% |
| May-1962 | 5.50% |
| Jun-1962 | 5.50% |
| Jul-1962 | 5.40% |
| Aug-1962 | 5.70% |
| Sep-1962 | 5.60% |
| Oct-1962 | 5.40% |
| Nov-1962 | 5.70% |
| Dec-1962 | 5.50% |
| Jan-1963 | 5.70% |
| Feb-1963 | 5.90% |
| Mar-1963 | 5.70% |
| Apr-1963 | 5.70% |
| May-1963 | 5.90% |
| Jun-1963 | 5.60% |
| Jul-1963 | 5.60% |
| Aug-1963 | 5.40% |
| Sep-1963 | 5.50% |
| Oct-1963 | 5.50% |
| Nov-1963 | 5.70% |
| Dec-1963 | 5.50% |
| Jan-1964 | 5.60% |
| Feb-1964 | 5.40% |
| Mar-1964 | 5.40% |
| Apr-1964 | 5.30% |
| May-1964 | 5.10% |
| Jun-1964 | 5.20% |
| Jul-1964 | 4.90% |
| Aug-1964 | 5.00% |
| Sep-1964 | 5.10% |
| Oct-1964 | 5.10% |
| Nov-1964 | 4.80% |
| Dec-1964 | 5.00% |
| Jan-1965 | 4.90% |
| Feb-1965 | 5.10% |
| Mar-1965 | 4.70% |
| Apr-1965 | 4.80% |
| May-1965 | 4.60% |
| Jun-1965 | 4.60% |
| Jul-1965 | 4.40% |
| Aug-1965 | 4.40% |
| Sep-1965 | 4.30% |
| Oct-1965 | 4.20% |
| Nov-1965 | 4.10% |
| Dec-1965 | 4.00% |
| Jan-1966 | 4.00% |
| Feb-1966 | 3.80% |
| Mar-1966 | 3.80% |
| Apr-1966 | 3.80% |
| May-1966 | 3.90% |
| Jun-1966 | 3.80% |
| Jul-1966 | 3.80% |
| Aug-1966 | 3.80% |
| Sep-1966 | 3.70% |
| Oct-1966 | 3.70% |
| Nov-1966 | 3.60% |
| Dec-1966 | 3.80% |
| Jan-1967 | 3.90% |
| Feb-1967 | 3.80% |
| Mar-1967 | 3.80% |
| Apr-1967 | 3.80% |
| May-1967 | 3.80% |
| Jun-1967 | 3.90% |
| Jul-1967 | 3.80% |
| Aug-1967 | 3.80% |
| Sep-1967 | 3.80% |
| Oct-1967 | 4.00% |
| Nov-1967 | 3.90% |
| Dec-1967 | 3.80% |
| Jan-1968 | 3.70% |
| Feb-1968 | 3.80% |
| Mar-1968 | 3.70% |
| Apr-1968 | 3.50% |
| May-1968 | 3.50% |
| Jun-1968 | 3.70% |
| Jul-1968 | 3.70% |
| Aug-1968 | 3.50% |
| Sep-1968 | 3.40% |
| Oct-1968 | 3.40% |
| Nov-1968 | 3.40% |
| Dec-1968 | 3.40% |
| Jan-1969 | 3.40% |
| Feb-1969 | 3.40% |
| Mar-1969 | 3.40% |
| Apr-1969 | 3.40% |
| May-1969 | 3.40% |
| Jun-1969 | 3.50% |
| Jul-1969 | 3.50% |
| Aug-1969 | 3.50% |
| Sep-1969 | 3.70% |
| Oct-1969 | 3.70% |
| Nov-1969 | 3.50% |
| Dec-1969 | 3.50% |
| Jan-1970 | 3.90% |
| Feb-1970 | 4.20% |
| Mar-1970 | 4.40% |
| Apr-1970 | 4.60% |
| May-1970 | 4.80% |
| Jun-1970 | 4.90% |
| Jul-1970 | 5.00% |
| Aug-1970 | 5.10% |
| Sep-1970 | 5.40% |
| Oct-1970 | 5.50% |
| Nov-1970 | 5.90% |
| Dec-1970 | 6.10% |
| Jan-1971 | 5.90% |
| Feb-1971 | 5.90% |
| Mar-1971 | 6.00% |
| Apr-1971 | 5.90% |
| May-1971 | 5.90% |
| Jun-1971 | 5.90% |
| Jul-1971 | 6.00% |
| Aug-1971 | 6.10% |
| Sep-1971 | 6.00% |
| Oct-1971 | 5.80% |
| Nov-1971 | 6.00% |
| Dec-1971 | 6.00% |
| Jan-1972 | 5.80% |
| Feb-1972 | 5.70% |
| Mar-1972 | 5.80% |
| Apr-1972 | 5.70% |
| May-1972 | 5.70% |
| Jun-1972 | 5.70% |
| Jul-1972 | 5.60% |
| Aug-1972 | 5.60% |
| Sep-1972 | 5.50% |
| Oct-1972 | 5.60% |
| Nov-1972 | 5.30% |
| Dec-1972 | 5.20% |
| Jan-1973 | 4.90% |
| Feb-1973 | 5.00% |
| Mar-1973 | 4.90% |
| Apr-1973 | 5.00% |
| May-1973 | 4.90% |
| Jun-1973 | 4.90% |
| Jul-1973 | 4.80% |
| Aug-1973 | 4.80% |
| Sep-1973 | 4.80% |
| Oct-1973 | 4.60% |
| Nov-1973 | 4.80% |
| Dec-1973 | 4.90% |
| Jan-1974 | 5.10% |
| Feb-1974 | 5.20% |
| Mar-1974 | 5.10% |
| Apr-1974 | 5.10% |
| May-1974 | 5.10% |
| Jun-1974 | 5.40% |
| Jul-1974 | 5.50% |
| Aug-1974 | 5.50% |
| Sep-1974 | 5.90% |
| Oct-1974 | 6.00% |
| Nov-1974 | 6.60% |
| Dec-1974 | 7.20% |
| Jan-1975 | 8.10% |
| Feb-1975 | 8.10% |
| Mar-1975 | 8.60% |
| Apr-1975 | 8.80% |
| May-1975 | 9.00% |
| Jun-1975 | 8.80% |
| Jul-1975 | 8.60% |
| Aug-1975 | 8.40% |
| Sep-1975 | 8.40% |
| Oct-1975 | 8.40% |
| Nov-1975 | 8.30% |
| Dec-1975 | 8.20% |
| Jan-1976 | 7.90% |
| Feb-1976 | 7.70% |
| Mar-1976 | 7.60% |
| Apr-1976 | 7.70% |
| May-1976 | 7.40% |
| Jun-1976 | 7.60% |
| Jul-1976 | 7.80% |
| Aug-1976 | 7.80% |
| Sep-1976 | 7.60% |
| Oct-1976 | 7.70% |
| Nov-1976 | 7.80% |
| Dec-1976 | 7.80% |
| Jan-1977 | 7.50% |
| Feb-1977 | 7.60% |
| Mar-1977 | 7.40% |
| Apr-1977 | 7.20% |
| May-1977 | 7.00% |
| Jun-1977 | 7.20% |
| Jul-1977 | 6.90% |
| Aug-1977 | 7.00% |
| Sep-1977 | 6.80% |
| Oct-1977 | 6.80% |
| Nov-1977 | 6.80% |
| Dec-1977 | 6.40% |
| Jan-1978 | 6.40% |
| Feb-1978 | 6.30% |
| Mar-1978 | 6.30% |
| Apr-1978 | 6.10% |
| May-1978 | 6.00% |
| Jun-1978 | 5.90% |
| Jul-1978 | 6.20% |
| Aug-1978 | 5.90% |
| Sep-1978 | 6.00% |
| Oct-1978 | 5.80% |
| Nov-1978 | 5.90% |
| Dec-1978 | 6.00% |
| Jan-1979 | 5.90% |
| Feb-1979 | 5.90% |
| Mar-1979 | 5.80% |
| Apr-1979 | 5.80% |
| May-1979 | 5.60% |
| Jun-1979 | 5.70% |
| Jul-1979 | 5.70% |
| Aug-1979 | 6.00% |
| Sep-1979 | 5.90% |
| Oct-1979 | 6.00% |
| Nov-1979 | 5.90% |
| Dec-1979 | 6.00% |
| Jan-1980 | 6.30% |
| Feb-1980 | 6.30% |
| Mar-1980 | 6.30% |
| Apr-1980 | 6.90% |
| May-1980 | 7.50% |
| Jun-1980 | 7.60% |
| Jul-1980 | 7.80% |
| Aug-1980 | 7.70% |
| Sep-1980 | 7.50% |
| Oct-1980 | 7.50% |
| Nov-1980 | 7.50% |
| Dec-1980 | 7.20% |
| Jan-1981 | 7.50% |
| Feb-1981 | 7.40% |
| Mar-1981 | 7.40% |
| Apr-1981 | 7.20% |
| May-1981 | 7.50% |
| Jun-1981 | 7.50% |
| Jul-1981 | 7.20% |
| Aug-1981 | 7.40% |
| Sep-1981 | 7.60% |
| Oct-1981 | 7.90% |
| Nov-1981 | 8.30% |
| Dec-1981 | 8.50% |
| Jan-1982 | 8.60% |
| Feb-1982 | 8.90% |
| Mar-1982 | 9.00% |
| Apr-1982 | 9.30% |
| May-1982 | 9.40% |
| Jun-1982 | 9.60% |
| Jul-1982 | 9.80% |
| Aug-1982 | 9.80% |
| Sep-1982 | 10.10% |
| Oct-1982 | 10.40% |
| Nov-1982 | 10.80% |
| Dec-1982 | 10.80% |
| Jan-1983 | 10.40% |
| Feb-1983 | 10.40% |
| Mar-1983 | 10.30% |
| Apr-1983 | 10.20% |
| May-1983 | 10.10% |
| Jun-1983 | 10.10% |
| Jul-1983 | 9.40% |
| Aug-1983 | 9.50% |
| Sep-1983 | 9.20% |
| Oct-1983 | 8.80% |
| Nov-1983 | 8.50% |
| Dec-1983 | 8.30% |
| Jan-1984 | 8.00% |
| Feb-1984 | 7.80% |
| Mar-1984 | 7.80% |
| Apr-1984 | 7.70% |
| May-1984 | 7.40% |
| Jun-1984 | 7.20% |
| Jul-1984 | 7.50% |
| Aug-1984 | 7.50% |
| Sep-1984 | 7.30% |
| Oct-1984 | 7.40% |
| Nov-1984 | 7.20% |
| Dec-1984 | 7.30% |
| Jan-1985 | 7.30% |
| Feb-1985 | 7.20% |
| Mar-1985 | 7.20% |
| Apr-1985 | 7.30% |
| May-1985 | 7.20% |
| Jun-1985 | 7.40% |
| Jul-1985 | 7.40% |
| Aug-1985 | 7.10% |
| Sep-1985 | 7.10% |
| Oct-1985 | 7.10% |
| Nov-1985 | 7.00% |
| Dec-1985 | 7.00% |
| Jan-1986 | 6.70% |
| Feb-1986 | 7.20% |
| Mar-1986 | 7.20% |
| Apr-1986 | 7.10% |
| May-1986 | 7.20% |
| Jun-1986 | 7.20% |
| Jul-1986 | 7.00% |
| Aug-1986 | 6.90% |
| Sep-1986 | 7.00% |
| Oct-1986 | 7.00% |
| Nov-1986 | 6.90% |
| Dec-1986 | 6.60% |
| Jan-1987 | 6.60% |
| Feb-1987 | 6.60% |
| Mar-1987 | 6.60% |
| Apr-1987 | 6.30% |
| May-1987 | 6.30% |
| Jun-1987 | 6.20% |
| Jul-1987 | 6.10% |
| Aug-1987 | 6.00% |
| Sep-1987 | 5.90% |
| Oct-1987 | 6.00% |
| Nov-1987 | 5.80% |
| Dec-1987 | 5.70% |
| Jan-1988 | 5.70% |
| Feb-1988 | 5.70% |
| Mar-1988 | 5.70% |
| Apr-1988 | 5.40% |
| May-1988 | 5.60% |
| Jun-1988 | 5.40% |
| Jul-1988 | 5.40% |
| Aug-1988 | 5.60% |
| Sep-1988 | 5.40% |
| Oct-1988 | 5.40% |
| Nov-1988 | 5.30% |
| Dec-1988 | 5.30% |
| Jan-1989 | 5.40% |
| Feb-1989 | 5.20% |
| Mar-1989 | 5.00% |
| Apr-1989 | 5.20% |
| May-1989 | 5.20% |
| Jun-1989 | 5.30% |
| Jul-1989 | 5.20% |
| Aug-1989 | 5.20% |
| Sep-1989 | 5.30% |
| Oct-1989 | 5.30% |
| Nov-1989 | 5.40% |
| Dec-1989 | 5.40% |
| Jan-1990 | 5.40% |
| Feb-1990 | 5.30% |
| Mar-1990 | 5.20% |
| Apr-1990 | 5.40% |
| May-1990 | 5.40% |
| Jun-1990 | 5.20% |
| Jul-1990 | 5.50% |
| Aug-1990 | 5.70% |
| Sep-1990 | 5.90% |
| Oct-1990 | 5.90% |
| Nov-1990 | 6.20% |
| Dec-1990 | 6.30% |
| Jan-1991 | 6.40% |
| Feb-1991 | 6.60% |
| Mar-1991 | 6.80% |
| Apr-1991 | 6.70% |
| May-1991 | 6.90% |
| Jun-1991 | 6.90% |
| Jul-1991 | 6.80% |
| Aug-1991 | 6.90% |
| Sep-1991 | 6.90% |
| Oct-1991 | 7.00% |
| Nov-1991 | 7.00% |
| Dec-1991 | 7.30% |
| Jan-1992 | 7.30% |
| Feb-1992 | 7.40% |
| Mar-1992 | 7.40% |
| Apr-1992 | 7.40% |
| May-1992 | 7.60% |
| Jun-1992 | 7.80% |
| Jul-1992 | 7.70% |
| Aug-1992 | 7.60% |
| Sep-1992 | 7.60% |
| Oct-1992 | 7.30% |
| Nov-1992 | 7.40% |
| Dec-1992 | 7.40% |
| Jan-1993 | 7.30% |
| Feb-1993 | 7.10% |
| Mar-1993 | 7.00% |
| Apr-1993 | 7.10% |
| May-1993 | 7.10% |
| Jun-1993 | 7.00% |
| Jul-1993 | 6.90% |
| Aug-1993 | 6.80% |
| Sep-1993 | 6.70% |
| Oct-1993 | 6.80% |
| Nov-1993 | 6.60% |
| Dec-1993 | 6.50% |
| Jan-1994 | 6.60% |
| Feb-1994 | 6.60% |
| Mar-1994 | 6.50% |
| Apr-1994 | 6.40% |
| May-1994 | 6.10% |
| Jun-1994 | 6.10% |
| Jul-1994 | 6.10% |
| Aug-1994 | 6.00% |
| Sep-1994 | 5.90% |
| Oct-1994 | 5.80% |
| Nov-1994 | 5.60% |
| Dec-1994 | 5.50% |
| Jan-1995 | 5.60% |
| Feb-1995 | 5.40% |
| Mar-1995 | 5.40% |
| Apr-1995 | 5.80% |
| May-1995 | 5.60% |
| Jun-1995 | 5.60% |
| Jul-1995 | 5.70% |
| Aug-1995 | 5.70% |
| Sep-1995 | 5.60% |
| Oct-1995 | 5.50% |
| Nov-1995 | 5.60% |
| Dec-1995 | 5.60% |
| Jan-1996 | 5.60% |
| Feb-1996 | 5.50% |
| Mar-1996 | 5.50% |
| Apr-1996 | 5.60% |
| May-1996 | 5.60% |
| Jun-1996 | 5.30% |
| Jul-1996 | 5.50% |
| Aug-1996 | 5.10% |
| Sep-1996 | 5.20% |
| Oct-1996 | 5.20% |
| Nov-1996 | 5.40% |
| Dec-1996 | 5.40% |
| Jan-1997 | 5.30% |
| Feb-1997 | 5.20% |
| Mar-1997 | 5.20% |
| Apr-1997 | 5.10% |
| May-1997 | 4.90% |
| Jun-1997 | 5.00% |
| Jul-1997 | 4.90% |
| Aug-1997 | 4.80% |
| Sep-1997 | 4.90% |
| Oct-1997 | 4.70% |
| Nov-1997 | 4.60% |
| Dec-1997 | 4.70% |
| Jan-1998 | 4.60% |
| Feb-1998 | 4.60% |
| Mar-1998 | 4.70% |
| Apr-1998 | 4.30% |
| May-1998 | 4.40% |
| Jun-1998 | 4.50% |
| Jul-1998 | 4.50% |
| Aug-1998 | 4.50% |
| Sep-1998 | 4.60% |
| Oct-1998 | 4.50% |
| Nov-1998 | 4.40% |
| Dec-1998 | 4.40% |
| Jan-1999 | 4.30% |
| Feb-1999 | 4.40% |
| Mar-1999 | 4.20% |
| Apr-1999 | 4.30% |
| May-1999 | 4.20% |
| Jun-1999 | 4.30% |
| Jul-1999 | 4.30% |
| Aug-1999 | 4.20% |
| Sep-1999 | 4.20% |
| Oct-1999 | 4.10% |
| Nov-1999 | 4.10% |
| Dec-1999 | 4.00% |
| Jan-2000 | 4.00% |
| Feb-2000 | 4.10% |
| Mar-2000 | 4.00% |
| Apr-2000 | 3.80% |
| May-2000 | 4.00% |
| Jun-2000 | 4.00% |
| Jul-2000 | 4.00% |
| Aug-2000 | 4.10% |
| Sep-2000 | 3.90% |
| Oct-2000 | 3.90% |
| Nov-2000 | 3.90% |
| Dec-2000 | 3.90% |
| Jan-2001 | 4.20% |
| Feb-2001 | 4.20% |
| Mar-2001 | 4.30% |
| Apr-2001 | 4.40% |
| May-2001 | 4.30% |
| Jun-2001 | 4.50% |
| Jul-2001 | 4.60% |
| Aug-2001 | 4.90% |
| Sep-2001 | 5.00% |
| Oct-2001 | 5.30% |
| Nov-2001 | 5.50% |
| Dec-2001 | 5.70% |
| Jan-2002 | 5.70% |
| Feb-2002 | 5.70% |
| Mar-2002 | 5.70% |
| Apr-2002 | 5.90% |
| May-2002 | 5.80% |
| Jun-2002 | 5.80% |
| Jul-2002 | 5.80% |
| Aug-2002 | 5.70% |
| Sep-2002 | 5.70% |
| Oct-2002 | 5.70% |
| Nov-2002 | 5.90% |
| Dec-2002 | 6.00% |
| Jan-2003 | 5.80% |
| Feb-2003 | 5.90% |
| Mar-2003 | 5.90% |
| Apr-2003 | 6.00% |
| May-2003 | 6.10% |
| Jun-2003 | 6.30% |
| Jul-2003 | 6.20% |
| Aug-2003 | 6.10% |
| Sep-2003 | 6.10% |
| Oct-2003 | 6.00% |
| Nov-2003 | 5.80% |
| Dec-2003 | 5.70% |
| Jan-2004 | 5.70% |
| Feb-2004 | 5.60% |
| Mar-2004 | 5.80% |
| Apr-2004 | 5.60% |
| May-2004 | 5.60% |
| Jun-2004 | 5.60% |
| Jul-2004 | 5.50% |
| Aug-2004 | 5.40% |
| Sep-2004 | 5.40% |
| Oct-2004 | 5.50% |
| Nov-2004 | 5.40% |
| Dec-2004 | 5.40% |
| Jan-2005 | 5.30% |
| Feb-2005 | 5.40% |
| Mar-2005 | 5.20% |
| Apr-2005 | 5.20% |
| May-2005 | 5.10% |
| Jun-2005 | 5.00% |
| Jul-2005 | 5.00% |
| Aug-2005 | 4.90% |
| Sep-2005 | 5.00% |
| Oct-2005 | 5.00% |
| Nov-2005 | 5.00% |
| Dec-2005 | 4.90% |
| Jan-2006 | 4.70% |
| Feb-2006 | 4.80% |
| Mar-2006 | 4.70% |
| Apr-2006 | 4.70% |
| May-2006 | 4.60% |
| Jun-2006 | 4.60% |
| Jul-2006 | 4.70% |
| Aug-2006 | 4.70% |
| Sep-2006 | 4.50% |
| Oct-2006 | 4.40% |
| Nov-2006 | 4.50% |
| Dec-2006 | 4.40% |
| Jan-2007 | 4.60% |
| Feb-2007 | 4.50% |
| Mar-2007 | 4.40% |
| Apr-2007 | 4.50% |
| May-2007 | 4.40% |
| Jun-2007 | 4.60% |
| Jul-2007 | 4.70% |
| Aug-2007 | 4.60% |
| Sep-2007 | 4.70% |
| Oct-2007 | 4.70% |
| Nov-2007 | 4.70% |
| Dec-2007 | 5.00% |
| Jan-2008 | 5.00% |
| Feb-2008 | 4.90% |
| Mar-2008 | 5.10% |
| Apr-2008 | 5.00% |
| May-2008 | 5.40% |
| Jun-2008 | 5.60% |
| Jul-2008 | 5.80% |
| Aug-2008 | 6.10% |
| Sep-2008 | 6.10% |
| Oct-2008 | 6.50% |
| Nov-2008 | 6.80% |
| Dec-2008 | 7.30% |
| Jan-2009 | 7.80% |
| Feb-2009 | 8.30% |
| Mar-2009 | 8.70% |
| Apr-2009 | 9.00% |
| May-2009 | 9.40% |
| Jun-2009 | 9.50% |
| Jul-2009 | 9.50% |
| Aug-2009 | 9.60% |
| Sep-2009 | 9.80% |
| Oct-2009 | 10.00% |
| Nov-2009 | 9.90% |
| Dec-2009 | 9.90% |
| Jan-2010 | 9.80% |
| Feb-2010 | 9.80% |
| Mar-2010 | 9.90% |
| Apr-2010 | 9.90% |
| May-2010 | 9.60% |
| Jun-2010 | 9.40% |
| Jul-2010 | 9.40% |
| Aug-2010 | 9.50% |
| Sep-2010 | 9.50% |
| Oct-2010 | 9.40% |
| Nov-2010 | 9.80% |
| Dec-2010 | 9.30% |
| Jan-2011 | 9.10% |
| Feb-2011 | 9.00% |
| Mar-2011 | 9.00% |
| Apr-2011 | 9.10% |
| May-2011 | 9.00% |
| Jun-2011 | 9.10% |
| Jul-2011 | 9.00% |
| Aug-2011 | 9.00% |
| Sep-2011 | 9.00% |
| Oct-2011 | 8.80% |
| Nov-2011 | 8.60% |
| Dec-2011 | 8.50% |
| Jan-2012 | 8.30% |
| Feb-2012 | 8.30% |
| Mar-2012 | 8.20% |
| Apr-2012 | 8.20% |
| May-2012 | 8.20% |
| Jun-2012 | 8.20% |
| Jul-2012 | 8.20% |
| Aug-2012 | 8.10% |
| Sep-2012 | 7.80% |
| Oct-2012 | 7.80% |
| Nov-2012 | 7.70% |
| Dec-2012 | 7.90% |
| Jan-2013 | 8.00% |
| Feb-2013 | 7.70% |
| Mar-2013 | 7.50% |
| Apr-2013 | 7.60% |
| May-2013 | 7.50% |
| Jun-2013 | 7.50% |
| Jul-2013 | 7.30% |
| Aug-2013 | 7.20% |
| Sep-2013 | 7.20% |
| Oct-2013 | 7.20% |
| Nov-2013 | 6.90% |
| Dec-2013 | 6.70% |
| Jan-2014 | 6.60% |
| Feb-2014 | 6.70% |
| Mar-2014 | 6.70% |
| Apr-2014 | 6.20% |
| May-2014 | 6.30% |
| Jun-2014 | 6.10% |
| Jul-2014 | 6.20% |
| Aug-2014 | 6.10% |
| Sep-2014 | 5.90% |
| Oct-2014 | 5.70% |
| Nov-2014 | 5.80% |
| Dec-2014 | 5.60% |
| Jan-2015 | 5.70% |
| Feb-2015 | 5.50% |
| Mar-2015 | 5.40% |
| Apr-2015 | 5.40% |
| May-2015 | 5.60% |
| Jun-2015 | 5.30% |
| Jul-2015 | 5.20% |
| Aug-2015 | 5.10% |
| Sep-2015 | 5.00% |
| Oct-2015 | 5.00% |
| Nov-2015 | 5.10% |
| Dec-2015 | 5.00% |
| Jan-2016 | 4.80% |
| Feb-2016 | 4.90% |
| Mar-2016 | 5.00% |
| Apr-2016 | 5.10% |
| May-2016 | 4.80% |
| Jun-2016 | 4.90% |
| Jul-2016 | 4.80% |
| Aug-2016 | 4.90% |
| Sep-2016 | 5.00% |
| Oct-2016 | 4.90% |
| Nov-2016 | 4.70% |
| Dec-2016 | 4.70% |
| Jan-2017 | 4.70% |
| Feb-2017 | 4.60% |
| Mar-2017 | 4.40% |
| Apr-2017 | 4.50% |
| May-2017 | 4.40% |
| Jun-2017 | 4.30% |
| Jul-2017 | 4.30% |
| Aug-2017 | 4.40% |
| Sep-2017 | 4.20% |
| Oct-2017 | 4.10% |
| Nov-2017 | 4.20% |
| Dec-2017 | 4.10% |
| Jan-2018 | 4.00% |
| Feb-2018 | 4.10% |
| Mar-2018 | 4.00% |
| Apr-2018 | 4.00% |
| May-2018 | 3.80% |
| Jun-2018 | 4.00% |
| Jul-2018 | 3.80% |
| Aug-2018 | 3.80% |
| Sep-2018 | 3.70% |
| Oct-2018 | 3.80% |
| Nov-2018 | 3.80% |
| Dec-2018 | 3.90% |
| Jan-2019 | 4.00% |
| Feb-2019 | 3.80% |
| Mar-2019 | 3.80% |
| Apr-2019 | 3.70% |
| May-2019 | 3.70% |
| Jun-2019 | 3.60% |
| Jul-2019 | 3.60% |
| Aug-2019 | 3.70% |
| Sep-2019 | 3.50% |
| Oct-2019 | 3.60% |
| Nov-2019 | 3.60% |
| Dec-2019 | 3.60% |
| Jan-2020 | 3.50% |
| Feb-2020 | 3.50% |
| Mar-2020 | 4.40% |
| Apr-2020 | 14.80% |
| May-2020 | 13.30% |
| Jun-2020 | 11.10% |
| Jul-2020 | 10.20% |
| Aug-2020 | 8.40% |
| Sep-2020 | 7.80% |
| Oct-2020 | 6.90% |
| Nov-2020 | 6.70% |
| Dec-2020 | 6.70% |
| Jan-2021 | 6.30% |
| Feb-2021 | 6.20% |
| Mar-2021 | 6.00% |
Note: Shaded areas denote recessions.
Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics' Current Population Survey
Share of newly employed workers who said that they were not actively searching for work in the previous month
| date | Share of newly employed workers who said that they were not actively searching for work in the previous month |
|---|---|
| Apr-1990 | 61.91% |
| May-1990 | 62.55% |
| Jun-1990 | 61.98% |
| Jul-1990 | 62.01% |
| Aug-1990 | 61.56% |
| Sep-1990 | 62.30% |
| Oct-1990 | 61.03% |
| Nov-1990 | 61.24% |
| Dec-1990 | 60.36% |
| Jan-1991 | 59.87% |
| Feb-1991 | 58.97% |
| Mar-1991 | 58.51% |
| Apr-1991 | 57.68% |
| May-1991 | 57.58% |
| Jun-1991 | 57.20% |
| Jul-1991 | 58.03% |
| Aug-1991 | 57.75% |
| Sep-1991 | 57.72% |
| Oct-1991 | 57.27% |
| Nov-1991 | 56.94% |
| Dec-1991 | 57.05% |
| Jan-1992 | 56.81% |
| Feb-1992 | 57.08% |
| Mar-1992 | 57.11% |
| Apr-1992 | 57.16% |
| May-1992 | 57.30% |
| Jun-1992 | 56.58% |
| Jul-1992 | 56.42% |
| Aug-1992 | 56.13% |
| Sep-1992 | 55.95% |
| Oct-1992 | 55.74% |
| Nov-1992 | 55.83% |
| Dec-1992 | 56.14% |
| Jan-1993 | 56.61% |
| Feb-1993 | 57.70% |
| Mar-1993 | 58.25% |
| Apr-1993 | 58.41% |
| May-1993 | 58.24% |
| Jun-1993 | 58.06% |
| Jul-1993 | 57.54% |
| Aug-1993 | 57.51% |
| Sep-1993 | 58.03% |
| Oct-1993 | 58.92% |
| Nov-1993 | 58.48% |
| Dec-1993 | 58.30% |
| Jan-1994 | 58.76% |
| Feb-1994 | 59.24% |
| Mar-1994 | 59.09% |
| Apr-1994 | 58.66% |
| May-1994 | 58.31% |
| Jun-1994 | 58.47% |
| Jul-1994 | 58.58% |
| Aug-1994 | 59.04% |
| Sep-1994 | 59.14% |
| Oct-1994 | 59.80% |
| Nov-1994 | 60.09% |
| Dec-1994 | 60.32% |
| Jan-1995 | 60.35% |
| Feb-1995 | 59.53% |
| Mar-1995 | 59.69% |
| Apr-1995 | 59.74% |
| May-1995 | 59.22% |
| Jun-1995 | 59.54% |
| Jul-1995 | 59.50% |
| Aug-1995 | 59.97% |
| Sep-1995 | 60.22% |
| Oct-1995 | 59.86% |
| Nov-1995 | 60.61% |
| Dec-1995 | 59.90% |
| Jan-1996 | 59.78% |
| Feb-1996 | 60.28% |
| Mar-1996 | 60.69% |
| Apr-1996 | 60.99% |
| May-1996 | 60.71% |
| Jun-1996 | 60.85% |
| Jul-1996 | 61.46% |
| Aug-1996 | 60.78% |
| Sep-1996 | 60.92% |
| Oct-1996 | 60.24% |
| Nov-1996 | 60.56% |
| Dec-1996 | 59.62% |
| Jan-1997 | 59.08% |
| Feb-1997 | 58.93% |
| Mar-1997 | 60.28% |
| Apr-1997 | 61.40% |
| May-1997 | 61.77% |
| Jun-1997 | 61.13% |
| Jul-1997 | 60.35% |
| Aug-1997 | 61.26% |
| Sep-1997 | 61.89% |
| Oct-1997 | 62.50% |
| Nov-1997 | 62.69% |
| Dec-1997 | 62.83% |
| Jan-1998 | 63.34% |
| Feb-1998 | 62.70% |
| Mar-1998 | 62.88% |
| Apr-1998 | 62.38% |
| May-1998 | 63.49% |
| Jun-1998 | 63.25% |
| Jul-1998 | 64.18% |
| Aug-1998 | 63.98% |
| Sep-1998 | 65.24% |
| Oct-1998 | 65.14% |
| Nov-1998 | 65.06% |
| Dec-1998 | 64.93% |
| Jan-1999 | 65.59% |
| Feb-1999 | 65.54% |
| Mar-1999 | 64.20% |
| Apr-1999 | 65.28% |
| May-1999 | 66.12% |
| Jun-1999 | 67.42% |
| Jul-1999 | 66.38% |
| Aug-1999 | 65.65% |
| Sep-1999 | 65.35% |
| Oct-1999 | 65.50% |
| Nov-1999 | 65.26% |
| Dec-1999 | 65.11% |
| Jan-2000 | 64.37% |
| Feb-2000 | 65.40% |
| Mar-2000 | 65.66% |
| Apr-2000 | 65.87% |
| May-2000 | 65.60% |
| Jun-2000 | 65.92% |
| Jul-2000 | 65.39% |
| Aug-2000 | 65.47% |
| Sep-2000 | 65.60% |
| Oct-2000 | 66.51% |
| Nov-2000 | 67.39% |
| Dec-2000 | 68.09% |
| Jan-2001 | 69.03% |
| Feb-2001 | 68.55% |
| Mar-2001 | 67.91% |
| Apr-2001 | 66.88% |
| May-2001 | 65.76% |
| Jun-2001 | 65.32% |
| Jul-2001 | 65.75% |
| Aug-2001 | 66.18% |
| Sep-2001 | 66.57% |
| Oct-2001 | 65.46% |
| Nov-2001 | 64.39% |
| Dec-2001 | 62.92% |
| Jan-2002 | 62.56% |
| Feb-2002 | 62.33% |
| Mar-2002 | 61.68% |
| Apr-2002 | 61.94% |
| May-2002 | 62.81% |
| Jun-2002 | 64.43% |
| Jul-2002 | 64.51% |
| Aug-2002 | 64.04% |
| Sep-2002 | 63.05% |
| Oct-2002 | 63.07% |
| Nov-2002 | 63.70% |
| Dec-2002 | 64.09% |
| Jan-2003 | 64.21% |
| Feb-2003 | 64.19% |
| Mar-2003 | 64.49% |
| Apr-2003 | 64.28% |
| May-2003 | 63.65% |
| Jun-2003 | 63.54% |
| Jul-2003 | 63.05% |
| Aug-2003 | 63.24% |
| Sep-2003 | 63.43% |
| Oct-2003 | 64.32% |
| Nov-2003 | 64.73% |
| Dec-2003 | 63.66% |
| Jan-2004 | 63.62% |
| Feb-2004 | 63.43% |
| Mar-2004 | 64.88% |
| Apr-2004 | 64.32% |
| May-2004 | 64.29% |
| Jun-2004 | 63.73% |
| Jul-2004 | 64.21% |
| Aug-2004 | 64.54% |
| Sep-2004 | 64.10% |
| Oct-2004 | 64.23% |
| Nov-2004 | 63.98% |
| Dec-2004 | 64.44% |
| Jan-2005 | 64.64% |
| Feb-2005 | 64.77% |
| Mar-2005 | 64.87% |
| Apr-2005 | 65.12% |
| May-2005 | 65.76% |
| Jun-2005 | 66.09% |
| Jul-2005 | 66.57% |
| Aug-2005 | 65.87% |
| Sep-2005 | 66.54% |
| Oct-2005 | 66.17% |
| Nov-2005 | 65.95% |
| Dec-2005 | 65.92% |
| Jan-2006 | 65.79% |
| Feb-2006 | 67.29% |
| Mar-2006 | 67.26% |
| Apr-2006 | 67.64% |
| May-2006 | 67.31% |
| Jun-2006 | 67.18% |
| Jul-2006 | 66.71% |
| Aug-2006 | 66.40% |
| Sep-2006 | 65.90% |
| Oct-2006 | 66.91% |
| Nov-2006 | 67.63% |
| Dec-2006 | 68.30% |
| Jan-2007 | 68.03% |
| Feb-2007 | 67.01% |
| Mar-2007 | 66.48% |
| Apr-2007 | 65.82% |
| May-2007 | 66.20% |
| Jun-2007 | 67.60% |
| Jul-2007 | 67.68% |
| Aug-2007 | 67.56% |
| Sep-2007 | 66.87% |
| Oct-2007 | 66.99% |
| Nov-2007 | 67.49% |
| Dec-2007 | 66.60% |
| Jan-2008 | 66.40% |
| Feb-2008 | 65.45% |
| Mar-2008 | 65.60% |
| Apr-2008 | 64.74% |
| May-2008 | 65.14% |
| Jun-2008 | 64.94% |
| Jul-2008 | 65.27% |
| Aug-2008 | 64.24% |
| Sep-2008 | 62.91% |
| Oct-2008 | 62.13% |
| Nov-2008 | 61.91% |
| Dec-2008 | 62.30% |
| Jan-2009 | 62.22% |
| Feb-2009 | 61.64% |
| Mar-2009 | 60.79% |
| Apr-2009 | 59.80% |
| May-2009 | 59.64% |
| Jun-2009 | 58.27% |
| Jul-2009 | 57.46% |
| Aug-2009 | 56.99% |
| Sep-2009 | 56.76% |
| Oct-2009 | 57.64% |
| Nov-2009 | 56.75% |
| Dec-2009 | 57.69% |
| Jan-2010 | 57.86% |
| Feb-2010 | 58.77% |
| Mar-2010 | 58.67% |
| Apr-2010 | 57.39% |
| May-2010 | 56.43% |
| Jun-2010 | 56.57% |
| Jul-2010 | 57.23% |
| Aug-2010 | 58.44% |
| Sep-2010 | 58.81% |
| Oct-2010 | 58.89% |
| Nov-2010 | 58.93% |
| Dec-2010 | 58.43% |
| Jan-2011 | 59.14% |
| Feb-2011 | 59.47% |
| Mar-2011 | 60.14% |
| Apr-2011 | 60.35% |
| May-2011 | 60.22% |
| Jun-2011 | 59.68% |
| Jul-2011 | 59.78% |
| Aug-2011 | 59.58% |
| Sep-2011 | 60.64% |
| Oct-2011 | 59.75% |
| Nov-2011 | 59.83% |
| Dec-2011 | 59.07% |
| Jan-2012 | 59.15% |
| Feb-2012 | 59.13% |
| Mar-2012 | 59.43% |
| Apr-2012 | 60.28% |
| May-2012 | 60.91% |
| Jun-2012 | 61.59% |
| Jul-2012 | 61.78% |
| Aug-2012 | 62.33% |
| Sep-2012 | 62.28% |
| Oct-2012 | 61.99% |
| Nov-2012 | 61.84% |
| Dec-2012 | 62.51% |
| Jan-2013 | 62.22% |
| Feb-2013 | 61.55% |
| Mar-2013 | 61.63% |
| Apr-2013 | 63.06% |
| May-2013 | 63.46% |
| Jun-2013 | 63.16% |
| Jul-2013 | 62.29% |
| Aug-2013 | 62.90% |
| Sep-2013 | 63.49% |
| Oct-2013 | 64.29% |
| Nov-2013 | 64.11% |
| Dec-2013 | 63.55% |
| Jan-2014 | 63.95% |
| Feb-2014 | 63.56% |
| Mar-2014 | 63.91% |
| Apr-2014 | 62.79% |
| May-2014 | 64.24% |
| Jun-2014 | 64.45% |
| Jul-2014 | 66.02% |
| Aug-2014 | 65.52% |
| Sep-2014 | 65.33% |
| Oct-2014 | 64.91% |
| Nov-2014 | 65.27% |
| Dec-2014 | 65.75% |
| Jan-2015 | 67.20% |
| Feb-2015 | 67.84% |
| Mar-2015 | 68.47% |
| Apr-2015 | 68.06% |
| May-2015 | 68.53% |
| Jun-2015 | 68.09% |
| Jul-2015 | 68.85% |
| Aug-2015 | 68.61% |
| Sep-2015 | 68.80% |
| Oct-2015 | 68.65% |
| Nov-2015 | 68.53% |
| Dec-2015 | 68.95% |
| Jan-2016 | 68.73% |
| Feb-2016 | 70.19% |
| Mar-2016 | 71.16% |
| Apr-2016 | 71.18% |
| May-2016 | 69.49% |
| Jun-2016 | 68.60% |
| Jul-2016 | 68.59% |
| Aug-2016 | 69.46% |
| Sep-2016 | 69.11% |
| Oct-2016 | 67.92% |
| Nov-2016 | 67.43% |
| Dec-2016 | 68.59% |
| Jan-2017 | 69.54% |
| Feb-2017 | 69.42% |
| Mar-2017 | 69.57% |
| Apr-2017 | 69.96% |
| May-2017 | 70.04% |
| Jun-2017 | 70.16% |
| Jul-2017 | 69.81% |
| Aug-2017 | 70.69% |
| Sep-2017 | 70.36% |
| Oct-2017 | 70.31% |
| Nov-2017 | 70.40% |
| Dec-2017 | 70.45% |
| Jan-2018 | 71.36% |
| Feb-2018 | 71.31% |
| Mar-2018 | 71.38% |
| Apr-2018 | 71.43% |
| May-2018 | 71.29% |
| Jun-2018 | 72.09% |
| Jul-2018 | 72.54% |
| Aug-2018 | 72.82% |
| Sep-2018 | 72.89% |
| Oct-2018 | 72.61% |
| Nov-2018 | 72.90% |
| Dec-2018 | 72.83% |
| Jan-2019 | 72.54% |
| Feb-2019 | 72.49% |
| Mar-2019 | 72.02% |
| Apr-2019 | 72.48% |
| May-2019 | 73.20% |
| Jun-2019 | 73.65% |
| Jul-2019 | 73.95% |
| Aug-2019 | 73.64% |
| Sep-2019 | 73.63% |
| Oct-2019 | 74.39% |
| Nov-2019 | 74.66% |
| Dec-2019 | 74.29% |
| Jan-2020 | 73.03% |
| Feb-2020 | 72.29% |
| Mar-2020 | 72.90% |
| Apr-2020 | 73.07% |
| May-2020 | 62.54% |
| Jun-2020 | 50.23% |
| Jul-2020 | 41.12% |
| Aug-2020 | 44.21% |
| Sep-2020 | 50.23% |
| Oct-2020 | 54.49% |
| Nov-2020 | 58.40% |
| Dec-2020 | 61.59% |
| Jan-2021 | 62.78% |
| Feb-2021 | 63.09% |
| Mar-2021 | 63.65% |
Note: Because of volatility in these data, the line reflects three month moving averages
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Labor Force Flows: Unemployed to Employed (16 Years and Over) [LNS17100000], and Not in Labor Force to Employed (16 years and over) [LNS17200000], retrieved from FRED (Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis).
