Economic Indicators Jobs and unemployment

Every month, the Bureau of Labor Statistics releases a report on the employment situation for the previous month. Their release includes data on job growth, unemployment, and wage growth, which gives us a snapshot of the health of the economy and whether it’s working for ordinary Americans.

Key numbers • October

3.7% National unemployment rate
261,000 Net jobs in October
79.8% Share of prime working-age population with a job
804,000 Number of jobs gained since February 2020

Labor market showed more signs of cooling in October

Wage growth continues to decelerate

Below, EPI economists offer their initial insights on the jobs report released this morning, which showed 261,000 jobs added in October.

 

From EPI senior economist, Elise Gould (@eliselgould):

  • The latest data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics show 261,000 jobs added in October, with upward revisions to the September numbers. The unemployment rate ticked up to 3.7% as participation and employment both fell in the household survey. 
  • In October, there were notable gains in Education and health services, Profession and business services, and Leisure and hospitality. And, finally, finally!, some signs of life in public sector employment. 
  • Leisure and hospitality remains about a million below pre-pandemic levels while public sector (government) employment is still down by 529,000 jobs, even with the vital relief measures to state and local governments. 
  • While the public sector jobs gains in October are welcome news—particularly seeing signs of life in local government employment—state and local government employment continues to barely budge over the last year as private-sector employment is now 1.0% above pre-pandemic levels. 
  • A clear sign of cooling in today’s jobs report is the continued deceleration in wage growth. The three-month change in wages (3.9%) is consistent with 2% price inflation over the long run. It’s important not to overshoot and force an unnecessary and painful recession. 
  • “There is substantial disinflation in the pipeline that will allow inflation to normalize in coming months even if the labor market remains strong,” writes @joshbivens_DC. Policymakers can’t ignore the latest deceleration in wage growth for a soft landing. 
  • As sometimes happens—particularly at turning points in the business cycle—the household survey tells a different labor market story for October. Unemployment rose as employment fell with a tick down in participation. Is this a blip from a more volatile series or a troubling sign? 
  • As overall unemployment ticked up, Hispanic unemployment retreated from it’s historic low in Sept, rising to 4.2% in Oct. Data are volatile but all groups ticked up last month. I hope that will reverse in coming months if policymakers let the labor market expansion continue. 
  • The share of the population 25-54 years old with a job—also known as the prime-age EPOP—showed some weakness in October, receding from it’s more promising levels this summer. Again, another key indicator to watch if we want opportunities in the labor market to fully recover. 
  • Overall, today’s report was fairly strong with notable signs of cooling, particularly in wages. Wage growth over the last there months is consistent with long term productivity and inflation targets and a reasonable claw back of labor share (as corporate profits remain high). 
  • To be clear, the most recent three-month wage growth of 3.9% is consistent with trend productivity and 2% inflation and allows for a very reasonable claw back of labor share. At that rate, it would take maybe 4-5 years to restore labor share of income to pre-covid levels. 

 

Charting jobs and unemployment

Current Employment Statistics Charts

The Current Employment Statistics (CES) program, also known as the establishment survey, is a monthly survey administered by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) which provides estimates of employment, hours, and earnings based on payroll records of approximately 131,000 businesses and government agencies. 

Jobs day

Monthly change in payroll employment, January 2020–October 2022

Date Change in Employment
Jan-2020 339
Feb-2020 376
Mar-2020 -1,498
Apr-2020 -20,493
May-2020 2,642
Jun-2020 4,505
Jul-2020 1,388
Aug-2020 1,665
Sep-2020 919
Oct-2020 647
Nov-2020 333
Dec-2020 -115
Jan-2021 520
Feb-2021 710
Mar-2021 704
Apr-2021 263
May-2021 447
Jun-2021 557
Jul-2021 689
Aug-2021 517
Sep-2021 424
Oct-2021 677
Nov-2021 647
Dec-2021 588
Jan-2022 504
Feb-2022 714
Mar-2022 398
Apr-2022 368
May-2022 386
Jun-2022 293
Jul-2022 537
Aug-2022 292
Sep-2022 315
Oct-2022 261
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Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics' Current Employment Statistics public data series.

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Jobs day

Measuring the job shortfall since February 2020: Actual and counterfactual employment, January 2019–October 2022

Actual nonfarm payroll employment Employment if it had continued growing at the pre-recession level Employment if it had grown with population growth since February 2020
Sep-2019 151.2
Oct-2019 151.3
Nov-2019 151.6
Dec-2019 151.8
Jan-2020 152.1
Feb-2020 152.5 152.5 152.5
Mar-2020 151.0 152.7 152.6
Apr-2020 130.5 152.9 152.7
May-2020 133.2 153.1 152.8
Jun-2020 137.7 153.3 152.9
Jul-2020 139.0 153.5 153.0
Aug-2020 140.7 153.7 153.0
Sep-2020 141.6 153.9 153.1
Oct-2020 142.3 154.1 153.2
Nov-2020 142.6 154.3 153.3
Dec-2020 142.5 154.5 153.4
Jan-2021 143.0 154.7 153.5
Feb-2021 143.7 154.9 153.6
Mar-2021 144.4 155.1 153.7
Apr-2021 144.7 155.3 153.8
May-2021 145.1 155.5 153.9
Jun-2021 145.7 155.7 153.9
Jul-2021 146.4 155.9 154.0
Aug-2021 146.9 156.1 154.1
Sep-2021 147.3 156.3 154.2
Oct-2021 148.0 156.5 154.3
Nov-2021 148.7 156.7 154.4
Dec-2021 149.2 156.9 154.5
Jan-2022 149.7 157.1 154.6
Feb-2022 150.5 157.3 154.7
Mar-2022 150.9 157.5 154.8
Apr-2022 151.2 157.7 154.8
May-2022 151.6 157.9 154.9
Jun-2022 151.9 158.1 155.0
Jul-2022 152.4 158.3 155.1
Aug-2022 152.7 158.5 155.2
Sep-2022 153.0 158.7 155.3
Oct-2022 153.3 158.9 155.4  
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Notes: Payroll employment growth averaged 202,000 in the 12 months leading up to the pandemic recession. Population-adjusted employment growth applies population growth in the latest month since February 2020 to payroll employment and interpolates in the intervening years.

Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Population Survey public data series.

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Figure

Federal fiscal relief at the scale of the problem led to a faster recovery from the pandemic recession: Private-sector employment change since business cycle peak, December 2007 and February 2020

Months since peak 2007 2020
1 100.00 100.00
2 100.00 98.89
3 99.91 83.79
4 99.84 86.20
5 99.63 89.68
6 99.45 90.67
7 99.27 91.61
8 99.06 92.35
9 98.82 92.97
10 98.45 93.28
11 98.02 93.20
12 97.39 93.52
13 96.78 94.06
14 96.09 94.56
15 95.45 94.72
16 94.77 95.02
17 94.07 95.41
18 93.83 95.90
19 93.46 96.28
20 93.22 96.60
21 93.05 97.13
22 92.91 97.62
23 92.68 98.05
24 92.68 98.43
25 92.49 98.97
26 92.49 99.27
27 92.42 99.55
28 92.54 99.81
29 92.69 100.08
30 92.79 100.42
31 92.89 100.63
32 92.97 100.86
33 93.09
34 93.19
35 93.37
36 93.49
37 93.57
38 93.59
39 93.81
40 94.04
41 94.31
42 94.45
43 94.62
44 94.77
45 94.91
46 95.14
47 95.30
48 95.44
49 95.63
50 95.94
51 96.16
52 96.37
53 96.45
54 96.56
55 96.60
56 96.75
57 96.90
58 97.05
59 97.21
60 97.36
61 97.56
62 97.74
63 97.97
64 98.10
65 98.26
66 98.46
67 98.64
68 98.75
69 98.95
70 99.11
71 99.31
72 99.52
73 99.60
74 99.76
75 99.89
76 100.10
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Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics' Current Employment Statistics public data series.

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Figure

Percent change in payrolls since February 2020, for all private and state and local government employment

Date Total private-sector employment State and local government employment
Feb-2020 0.00% 0.00%
Mar-2020 -1.11% -0.35%
Apr-2020 -16.21% -4.94%
May-2020 -13.80% -7.36%
Jun-2020 -10.32% -7.41%
Jul-2020 -9.33% -7.06%
Aug-2020 -8.39% -6.05%
Sep-2020 -7.65% -6.08%
Oct-2020 -7.03% -6.14%
Nov-2020 -6.72% -6.06%
Dec-2020 -6.80% -6.09%
Jan-2021 -6.48% -5.57%
Feb-2021 -5.94% -5.50%
Mar-2021 -5.44% -5.23%
Apr-2021 -5.28% -5.01%
May-2021 -4.98% -4.65%
Jun-2021 -4.59% -4.39%
Jul-2021 -4.10% -4.14%
Aug-2021 -3.72% -4.04%
Sep-2021 -3.40% -3.96%
Oct-2021 -2.87% -4.02%
Nov-2021 -2.38% -3.94%
Dec-2021 -1.95% -3.76%
Jan-2022 -1.57% -3.72%
Feb-2022 -1.03% -3.66%
Mar-2022 -0.73% -3.59%
Apr-2022 -0.45% -3.54%
May-2022 -0.19% -3.27%
Jun-2022 0.08% -3.48%
Jul-2022 0.42% -3.07%
Aug-2022 0.60% -2.78%
Sep-2022 0.85% -2.81%
Oct-2022 1.03% -2.70%

 

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Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics' (BLS) Current Employment Statistics, Establishment Survey (CES) public data series.

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Figure

Employment change by industry (thousands) between September and October 2022

Industry Employment change, one month
Education and health services 79
Professional and business services 39
Leisure and hospitality 35
Manufacturing 32
Government 28
Wholesale trade 15
Other services 9
Transportation and warehousing 8
Retail services 7
Information 4
Financial activities 3
Utilities 1
Construction 1
Mining and logging 0
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Figure

Employment change by industry since February 2020: All employees (thousands), seasonally adjusted, October 2022

Industry Employment change since February 2020
Professional and business services 1,100
Transportation and warehousing 732
Retail services 232
Information 140
Manufacturing 137
Education and health services 134
Financial activities 101
Construction 97
Wholesale trade 30
Utilities -3
Mining and logging -52
Other services -218
Government -529
Leisure and hospitality -1,097
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Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics' (BLS) Current Employment Statistics, Establishment Survey (CES) public data series.

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Nominal Wage Tracker

Year-over-year change in private-sector nominal average hourly earnings, 2007–2022

Date All nonfarm employees Production/nonsupervisory workers
Mar-2007 3.4% 4.1%
Apr-2007 3.1% 3.8%
May-2007 3.5% 4.1%
Jun-2007 3.6% 4.2%
Jul-2007 3.2% 4.1%
Aug-2007 3.3% 4.0%
Sep-2007 3.1% 4.1%
Oct-2007 3.0% 3.8%
Nov-2007 3.1% 3.9%
Dec-2007 3.0% 3.8%
Jan-2008 2.9% 3.7%
Feb-2008 2.8% 3.8%
Mar-2008 3.1% 3.8%
Apr-2008 2.8% 3.8%
May-2008 3.0% 3.8%
Jun-2008 2.7% 3.5%
Jul-2008 3.1% 3.7%
Aug-2008 3.3% 3.9%
Sep-2008 3.2% 3.6%
Oct-2008 3.3% 3.8%
Nov-2008 3.6% 3.9%
Dec-2008 3.6% 3.9%
Jan-2009 3.7% 3.8%
Feb-2009 3.4% 3.6%
Mar-2009 3.3% 3.5%
Apr-2009 3.3% 3.3%
May-2009 2.9% 3.1%
Jun-2009 2.8% 2.9%
Jul-2009 2.7% 2.7%
Aug-2009 2.4% 2.7%
Sep-2009 2.5% 2.7%
Oct-2009 2.5% 2.7%
Nov-2009 2.2% 2.7%
Dec-2009 1.9% 2.4%
Jan-2010 2.0% 2.6%
Feb-2010 2.1% 2.5%
Mar-2010 1.8% 2.2%
Apr-2010 1.8% 2.4%
May-2010 1.9% 2.6%
Jun-2010 1.8% 2.5%
Jul-2010 1.8% 2.4%
Aug-2010 1.8% 2.4%
Sep-2010 1.8% 2.2%
Oct-2010 2.0% 2.5%
Nov-2010 1.7% 2.2%
Dec-2010 1.8% 2.1%
Jan-2011 2.0% 2.3%
Feb-2011 1.9% 2.1%
Mar-2011 1.9% 2.1%
Apr-2011 1.9% 2.1%
May-2011 2.0% 2.1%
Jun-2011 2.1% 2.1%
Jul-2011 2.3% 2.3%
Aug-2011 2.0% 1.9%
Sep-2011 1.9% 1.9%
Oct-2011 2.0% 1.9%
Nov-2011 2.0% 1.8%
Dec-2011 2.0% 1.8%
Jan-2012 1.7% 1.4%
Feb-2012 1.7% 1.5%
Mar-2012 2.1% 1.7%
Apr-2012 2.1% 1.7%
May-2012 1.7% 1.4%
Jun-2012 2.0% 1.6%
Jul-2012 1.8% 1.4%
Aug-2012 1.8% 1.4%
Sep-2012 2.0% 1.5%
Oct-2012 1.6% 1.2%
Nov-2012 1.9% 1.4%
Dec-2012 2.2% 1.7%
Jan-2013 2.2% 1.8%
Feb-2013 2.1% 2.0%
Mar-2013 1.9% 1.9%
Apr-2013 2.1% 1.8%
May-2013 2.1% 1.9%
Jun-2013 2.2% 2.0%
Jul-2013 2.0% 2.0%
Aug-2013 2.3% 2.2%
Sep-2013 2.1% 2.3%
Oct-2013 2.2% 2.3%
Nov-2013 2.2% 2.4%
Dec-2013 1.9% 2.2%
Jan-2014 1.9% 2.3%
Feb-2014 2.3% 2.6%
Mar-2014 2.1% 2.4%
Apr-2014 2.0% 2.4%
May-2014 2.1% 2.4%
Jun-2014 2.0% 2.2%
Jul-2014 2.1% 2.3%
Aug-2014 2.2% 2.5%
Sep-2014 2.1% 2.2%
Oct-2014 2.0% 2.2%
Nov-2014 2.0% 2.2%
Dec-2014 2.0% 1.8%
Jan-2015 2.1% 2.0%
Feb-2015 1.9% 1.5%
Mar-2015 2.2% 1.9%
Apr-2015 2.3% 1.9%
May-2015 2.3% 2.2%
Jun-2015 2.2% 2.1%
Jul-2015 2.2% 2.0%
Aug-2015 2.2% 2.0%
Sep-2015 2.2% 2.1%
Oct-2015 2.5% 2.4%
Nov-2015 2.4% 2.1%
Dec-2015 2.5% 2.6%
Jan-2016 2.5% 2.5%
Feb-2016 2.5% 2.6%
Mar-2016 2.5% 2.5%
Apr-2016 2.6% 2.6%
May-2016 2.4% 2.3%
Jun-2016 2.6% 2.5%
Jul-2016 2.7% 2.6%
Aug-2016 2.5% 2.5%
Sep-2016 2.6% 2.5%
Oct-2016 2.7% 2.5%
Nov-2016 2.7% 2.5%
Dec-2016 2.7% 2.5%
Jan-2017 2.6% 2.3%
Feb-2017 2.7% 2.5%
Mar-2017 2.6% 2.2%
Apr-2017 2.5% 2.2%
May-2017 2.5% 2.3%
Jun-2017 2.5% 2.3%
Jul-2017 2.6% 2.3%
Aug-2017 2.5% 2.3%
Sep-2017 2.8% 2.5%
Oct-2017 2.4% 2.1%
Nov-2017 2.4% 2.3%
Dec-2017 2.7% 2.4%
Jan-2018 2.7% 2.7%
Feb-2018 2.6% 2.5%
Mar-2018 2.8% 2.8%
Apr-2018 2.8% 2.7%
May-2018 2.9% 2.9%
Jun-2018 2.9% 2.9%
Jul-2018 2.8% 2.9%
Aug-2018 3.2% 3.1%
Sep-2018 3.1% 3.0%
Oct-2018 3.3% 3.3%
Nov-2018 3.4% 3.4%
Dec-2018 3.4% 3.6%
Jan-2019 3.3% 3.3%
Feb-2019 3.6% 3.6%
Mar-2019 3.5% 3.6%
Apr-2019 3.3% 3.5%
May-2019 3.3% 3.5%
Jun-2019 3.4% 3.5%
Jul-2019 3.4% 3.7%
Aug-2019 3.4% 3.7%
Sep-2019 3.1% 3.6%
Oct-2019 3.2% 3.7%
Nov-2019 3.4% 3.6%
Dec-2019 2.9% 3.2%
Jan-2020 3.0% 3.3%
Feb-2020 3.1% 3.5%
Mar-2020 3.6% 3.8%
Apr-2020 8.0% 7.7%
May-2020 6.7% 6.8%
Jun-2020 5.1% 5.7%
Jul-2020 4.9% 4.9%
Aug-2020 4.8% 5.0%
Sep-2020 4.8% 4.7%
Oct-2020 4.6% 4.6%
Nov-2020 4.6% 4.7%
Dec-2020 5.5% 5.6%
Jan-2021 5.3% 5.3%
Feb-2021 5.2% 5.1%
Mar-2021 4.4% 4.8%
Apr-2021 0.6% 1.5%
May-2021 2.2% 2.8%
Jun-2021 4.0% 4.1%
Jul-2021 4.3% 5.1%
Aug-2021 4.3% 5.2%
Sep-2021 4.8% 5.9%
Oct-2021 5.4% 6.4%
Nov-2021 5.3% 6.5%
Dec-2021 4.9% 6.2%
Jan-2022 5.4% 6.7%
Feb-2022 5.2% 6.7%
Mar-2022 5.6% 6.7%
Apr-2022 5.5% 6.6%
May-2022 5.3% 6.4%
Jun-2022 5.2% 6.4%
Jul-2022 5.2% 6.2%
Aug-2022 5.2% 6.0%
Sep-2022 5.0% 5.8%
Oct-2022 4.7% 5.5%
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Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Employment Statistics public data series. 

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Jobs day

Nominal wage growth continues to show signs of deceleration: Nominal wage growth in average hourly earnings for all workers, year-over-year monthly, annualized quarterly, and annualized three-month changes

Year-over-year change Annualized quarterly change Annualized three-month change
Jan-2019 3.3% 3.5% 3.6%
Feb-2019 3.6% 3.8% 4.0%
Mar-2019 3.5% 3.7% 3.5%
Apr-2019 3.3% 3.4% 2.6%
May-2019 3.3% 2.8% 2.2%
Jun-2019 3.4% 2.3% 2.0%
Jul-2019 3.4% 2.6% 3.6%
Aug-2019 3.4% 3.3% 4.1%
Sep-2019 3.1% 3.6% 3.0%
Oct-2019 3.2% 3.3% 2.9%
Nov-2019 3.4% 3.0% 3.2%
Dec-2019 2.9% 3.1% 3.2%
Jan-2020 3.0% 3.1% 2.9%
Feb-2020 3.1% 3.0% 3.0%
Mar-2020 3.6% 4.0% 6.1%
Apr-2020 8.0% 10.8% 24.2%
May-2020 6.7% 15.6% 17.1%
Jun-2020 5.1% 16.3% 8.2%
Jul-2020 4.9% 5.2% -7.8%
Aug-2020 4.8% -1.2% -3.1%
Sep-2020 4.8% -3.0% 2.1%
Oct-2020 4.6% 0.2% 1.6%
Nov-2020 4.6% 2.0% 2.3%
Dec-2020 5.5% 3.2% 5.7%
Jan-2021 5.3% 4.5% 5.5%
Feb-2021 5.2% 5.5% 5.4%
Mar-2021 4.4% 4.2% 1.9%
Apr-2021 0.6% 3.6% 3.7%
May-2021 2.2% 3.3% 4.3%
Jun-2021 4.0% 4.7% 6.3%
Jul-2021 4.3% 5.7% 6.4%
Aug-2021 4.3% 6.0% 5.4%
Sep-2021 4.8% 5.7% 5.3%
Oct-2021 5.4% 5.5% 5.9%
Nov-2021 5.3% 5.8% 6.3%
Dec-2021 4.9% 6.1% 6.1%
Jan-2022 5.4% 6.1% 5.9%
Feb-2022 5.2% 5.6% 4.8%
Mar-2022 5.6% 5.2% 4.8%
Apr-2022 5.5% 4.5% 3.9%
May-2022 5.3% 4.5% 4.9%
Jun-2022 5.2% 4.5% 4.6%
Jul-2022 5.2% 4.9% 5.2%
Aug-2022 5.2% 4.9% 4.8%
Sep-2022 5.0% 4.8% 4.4%
Oct-2022 4.7% 4.4% 3.9%
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Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Employment Statistics public data series

 

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Current Population Survey Charts

The Current Population Survey (CPS), also known as the household survey, is sponsored jointly by the Census Bureau and the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Each month, it provides data on the labor force, employment, unemployment, persons not in the labor force, hours of work, earnings, and other demographic and labor force characteristics. 

Jobs Day

Employment-to-population ratio of workers ages 25–54, 1989–2022

Date Employment to population ratio
Jan-1989 80.0%
Feb-1989 79.9%
Mar-1989 79.9%
Apr-1989 79.8%
May-1989 79.8%
Jun-1989 79.8%
Jul-1989 79.8%
Aug-1989 79.9%
Sep-1989 80.0%
Oct-1989 79.9%
Nov-1989 80.2%
Dec-1989 80.1%
Jan-1990 80.2%
Feb-1990 80.2%
Mar-1990 80.1%
Apr-1990 79.9%
May-1990 79.9%
Jun-1990 79.8%
Jul-1990 79.6%
Aug-1990 79.5%
Sep-1990 79.4%
Oct-1990 79.4%
Nov-1990 79.2%
Dec-1990 79.0%
Jan-1991 78.9%
Feb-1991 78.9%
Mar-1991 78.7%
Apr-1991 79.0%
May-1991 78.6%
Jun-1991 78.7%
Jul-1991 78.6%
Aug-1991 78.5%
Sep-1991 78.6%
Oct-1991 78.5%
Nov-1991 78.4%
Dec-1991 78.3%
Jan-1992 78.4%
Feb-1992 78.2%
Mar-1992 78.2%
Apr-1992 78.4%
May-1992 78.4%
Jun-1992 78.5%
Jul-1992 78.4%
Aug-1992 78.4%
Sep-1992 78.3%
Oct-1992 78.2%
Nov-1992 78.2%
Dec-1992 78.2%
Jan-1993 78.2%
Feb-1993 78.1%
Mar-1993 78.2%
Apr-1993 78.2%
May-1993 78.5%
Jun-1993 78.6%
Jul-1993 78.6%
Aug-1993 78.8%
Sep-1993 78.6%
Oct-1993 78.7%
Nov-1993 79.0%
Dec-1993 79.0%
Jan-1994 78.9%
Feb-1994 78.9%
Mar-1994 78.9%
Apr-1994 79.0%
May-1994 79.2%
Jun-1994 78.8%
Jul-1994 79.1%
Aug-1994 79.2%
Sep-1994 79.6%
Oct-1994 79.6%
Nov-1994 79.8%
Dec-1994 79.8%
Jan-1995 79.7%
Feb-1995 80.0%
Mar-1995 79.9%
Apr-1995 79.8%
May-1995 79.7%
Jun-1995 79.5%
Jul-1995 79.7%
Aug-1995 79.6%
Sep-1995 79.8%
Oct-1995 79.8%
Nov-1995 79.7%
Dec-1995 79.7%
Jan-1996 79.8%
Feb-1996 79.9%
Mar-1996 79.9%
Apr-1996 79.9%
May-1996 80.0%
Jun-1996 80.1%
Jul-1996 80.4%
Aug-1996 80.5%
Sep-1996 80.4%
Oct-1996 80.6%
Nov-1996 80.5%
Dec-1996 80.5%
Jan-1997 80.5%
Feb-1997 80.4%
Mar-1997 80.6%
Apr-1997 80.7%
May-1997 80.6%
Jun-1997 80.9%
Jul-1997 81.1%
Aug-1997 81.3%
Sep-1997 81.1%
Oct-1997 81.1%
Nov-1997 81.0%
Dec-1997 81.0%
Jan-1998 81.0%
Feb-1998 81.0%
Mar-1998 81.0%
Apr-1998 81.1%
May-1998 81.0%
Jun-1998 81.0%
Jul-1998 81.1%
Aug-1998 81.2%
Sep-1998 81.3%
Oct-1998 81.1%
Nov-1998 81.2%
Dec-1998 81.3%
Jan-1999 81.8%
Feb-1999 81.5%
Mar-1999 81.3%
Apr-1999 81.3%
May-1999 81.4%
Jun-1999 81.4%
Jul-1999 81.2%
Aug-1999 81.3%
Sep-1999 81.3%
Oct-1999 81.5%
Nov-1999 81.6%
Dec-1999 81.5%
Jan-2000 81.8%
Feb-2000 81.8%
Mar-2000 81.7%
Apr-2000 81.9%
May-2000 81.5%
Jun-2000 81.5%
Jul-2000 81.3%
Aug-2000 81.1%
Sep-2000 81.1%
Oct-2000 81.1%
Nov-2000 81.3%
Dec-2000 81.4%
Jan-2001 81.4%
Feb-2001 81.3%
Mar-2001 81.3%
Apr-2001 80.9%
May-2001 80.8%
Jun-2001 80.6%
Jul-2001 80.5%
Aug-2001 80.2%
Sep-2001 80.2%
Oct-2001 79.9%
Nov-2001 79.7%
Dec-2001 79.8%
Jan-2002 79.6%
Feb-2002 79.8%
Mar-2002 79.6%
Apr-2002 79.5%
May-2002 79.4%
Jun-2002 79.2%
Jul-2002 79.1%
Aug-2002 79.3%
Sep-2002 79.4%
Oct-2002 79.2%
Nov-2002 78.8%
Dec-2002 79.0%
Jan-2003 78.9%
Feb-2003 78.9%
Mar-2003 79.0%
Apr-2003 79.1%
May-2003 78.9%
Jun-2003 78.9%
Jul-2003 78.8%
Aug-2003 78.7%
Sep-2003 78.6%
Oct-2003 78.6%
Nov-2003 78.7%
Dec-2003 78.8%
Jan-2004 78.9%
Feb-2004 78.8%
Mar-2004 78.7%
Apr-2004 78.9%
May-2004 79.0%
Jun-2004 79.1%
Jul-2004 79.2%
Aug-2004 79.0%
Sep-2004 79.0%
Oct-2004 79.0%
Nov-2004 79.1%
Dec-2004 78.9%
Jan-2005 79.2%
Feb-2005 79.2%
Mar-2005 79.2%
Apr-2005 79.4%
May-2005 79.5%
Jun-2005 79.2%
Jul-2005 79.4%
Aug-2005 79.6%
Sep-2005 79.4%
Oct-2005 79.3%
Nov-2005 79.2%
Dec-2005 79.3%
Jan-2006 79.6%
Feb-2006 79.7%
Mar-2006 79.8%
Apr-2006 79.6%
May-2006 79.7%
Jun-2006 79.8%
Jul-2006 79.8%
Aug-2006 79.8%
Sep-2006 79.9%
Oct-2006 80.1%
Nov-2006 80.0%
Dec-2006 80.1%
Jan-2007 80.3%
Feb-2007 80.1%
Mar-2007 80.2%
Apr-2007 80.0%
May-2007 80.0%
Jun-2007 79.9%
Jul-2007 79.8%
Aug-2007 79.8%
Sep-2007 79.7%
Oct-2007 79.6%
Nov-2007 79.7%
Dec-2007 79.7%
Jan-2008 80.0%
Feb-2008 79.9%
Mar-2008 79.8%
Apr-2008 79.6%
May-2008 79.5%
Jun-2008 79.4%
Jul-2008 79.2%
Aug-2008 78.8%
Sep-2008 78.8%
Oct-2008 78.4%
Nov-2008 78.1%
Dec-2008 77.6%
Jan-2009 77.0%
Feb-2009 76.7%
Mar-2009 76.2%
Apr-2009 76.2%
May-2009 75.9%
Jun-2009 75.9%
Jul-2009 75.8%
Aug-2009 75.6%
Sep-2009 75.1%
Oct-2009 75.0%
Nov-2009 75.2%
Dec-2009 74.8%
Jan-2010 75.1%
Feb-2010 75.1%
Mar-2010 75.1%
Apr-2010 75.4%
May-2010 75.1%
Jun-2010 75.2%
Jul-2010 75.1%
Aug-2010 75.0%
Sep-2010 75.1%
Oct-2010 75.0%
Nov-2010 74.8%
Dec-2010 75.0%
Jan-2011 75.2%
Feb-2011 75.1%
Mar-2011 75.3%
Apr-2011 75.1%
May-2011 75.2%
Jun-2011 75.0%
Jul-2011 75.0%
Aug-2011 75.1%
Sep-2011 74.9%
Oct-2011 74.9%
Nov-2011 75.3%
Dec-2011 75.4%
Jan-2012 75.5%
Feb-2012 75.5%
Mar-2012 75.7%
Apr-2012 75.7%
May-2012 75.7%
Jun-2012 75.6%
Jul-2012 75.6%
Aug-2012 75.7%
Sep-2012 76.0%
Oct-2012 76.1%
Nov-2012 75.8%
Dec-2012 76.0%
Jan-2013 75.6%
Feb-2013 75.8%
Mar-2013 75.8%
Apr-2013 75.8%
May-2013 76.0%
Jun-2013 75.9%
Jul-2013 76.0%
Aug-2013 76.0%
Sep-2013 76.0%
Oct-2013 75.6%
Nov-2013 76.1%
Dec-2013 76.1%
Jan-2014 76.4%
Feb-2014 76.4%
Mar-2014 76.5%
Apr-2014 76.5%
May-2014 76.4%
Jun-2014 76.9%
Jul-2014 76.7%
Aug-2014 76.9%
Sep-2014 76.8%
Oct-2014 76.9%
Nov-2014 76.9%
Dec-2014 77.1%
Jan-2015 77.1%
Feb-2015 77.2%
Mar-2015 77.1%
Apr-2015 77.2%
May-2015 77.2%
Jun-2015 77.4%
Jul-2015 77.1%
Aug-2015 77.3%
Sep-2015 77.2%
Oct-2015 77.2%
Nov-2015 77.4%
Dec-2015 77.4%
Jan-2016 77.7%
Feb-2016 77.8%
Mar-2016 77.9%
Apr-2016 77.8%
May-2016 77.9%
Jun-2016 77.9%
Jul-2016 78.0%
Aug-2016 77.9%
Sep-2016 78.0%
Oct-2016 78.1%
Nov-2016 78.1%
Dec-2016 78.1%
Jan-2017 78.2%
Feb-2017 78.3%
Mar-2017 78.5%
Apr-2017 78.6%
May-2017 78.5%
Jun-2017 78.6%
Jul-2017 78.8%
Aug-2017 78.4%
Sep-2017 79.0%
Oct-2017 78.7%
Nov-2017 78.9%
Dec-2017 79.0%
Jan-2018 78.9%
Feb-2018 79.3%
Mar-2018 79.2%
Apr-2018 79.2%
May-2018 79.4%
Jun-2018 79.4%
Jul-2018 79.6%
Aug-2018 79.3%
Sep-2018 79.4%
Oct-2018 79.6%
Nov-2018 79.6%
Dec-2018 79.5%
Jan-2019 79.8%
Feb-2019 79.9%
Mar-2019 79.8%
Apr-2019 79.8%
May-2019 79.8%
Jun-2019 79.8%
Jul-2019 79.6%
Aug-2019 80.0%
Sep-2019 80.3%
Oct-2019 80.3%
Nov-2019 80.2%
Dec-2019 80.3%
Jan-2020 80.5%
Feb-2020 80.5%
Mar-2020 79.5%
Apr-2020 69.6%
May-2020 71.4%
Jun-2020 73.5%
Jul-2020 73.9%
Aug-2020 75.3%
Sep-2020 75.2%
Oct-2020 76.0%
Nov-2020 75.9%
Dec-2020 76.2%
Jan-2021 76.4%
Feb-2021 76.6%
Mar-2021 76.9%
Apr-2021 77.0%
May-2021 77.2%
Jun-2021 77.2%
Jul-2021 77.9%
Aug-2021 78.0%
Sep-2021 78.1%
Oct-2021 78.3%
Nov-2021 78.8%
Dec-2021 79.0%
Jan-2022 79.1%
Feb-2022 79.5%
Mar-2022 80.0%
Apr-2022 79.9%
May-2022 80.0%
Jun-2022 79.8%
Jul-2022 80.0%
Aug-2022 80.3%
Sep-2022 80.2%
Oct-2022 79.8%
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Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Current Population Survey public data. 

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Jobs Day

Unemployment rate of workers age 16 and older by race and ethnicity, January 2020–October 2022

 

Date White Black Hispanic AAPI
Jan-2020 3.1% 6.3% 4.3% 3%
Feb-2020 3%  6% 4.4% 2.5%
Mar-2020 3.9% 6.8% 5.9% 4.1%
Apr-2020 14.1% 16.6% 18.8% 14.4%
May-2020 12.3% 16.8% 17.6% 14.8%
Jun-2020 10.0% 15.2% 14.5% 13.8%
Jul-2020 9.2% 14.4% 12.8% 11.9%
Aug-2020 7.4% 12.8% 10.6% 10.6%
Sep-2020 7.0% 12.1% 10.4% 8.9%
Oct-2020 6.0% 10.9% 8.9% 7.6%
Nov-2020 6.0% 10.4% 8.6% 6.8%
Dec-2020 6.1% 10.0% 9.4% 6.1%
Jan-2021 5.7% 9.2% 8.6% 6.6%
Feb-2021 5.5% 9.8% 8.4% 5.1%
Mar-2021 5.3% 9.5% 7.7% 5.9%
Apr-2021 5.3% 9.7% 7.7% 5.7%
May-2021 5.1% 9.1% 7.1% 5.5%
Jun-2021 5.3% 9.2% 7.2% 5.7%
Jul-2021 4.8% 8.2% 6.4% 5.2%
Aug-2021 4.5% 8.7% 6.2% 4.5%
Sep-2021 4.2% 7.8% 6.1% 4.2%
Oct-2021 3.9% 7.8% 5.7% 4.2%
Nov-2021 3.7% 6.5% 5.2% 3.9%
Dec-2021 3.2%  7.1%  4.9%  3.8% 
Jan-2022 3.4% 6.9% 4.9% 3.6%
Feb-2022 3.3% 6.6%  4.4%  3.1% 
Mar-2022 3.2%  6.2% 4.2%  2.8% 
Apr-2022 3.2% 5.9% 4.1% 3.1%
May-2022 3.2% 6.2%  4.3%  2.4% 
Jun-2022 3.3%  5.8%  4.3%  3%
Jul-2022 3.1%  5.8%  3.9%  2.6% 
Aug-2022 3.2%  6.4%  4.5%  2.8% 
Sep-2022 3.1%  5.8%  3.8%  2.5% 
Oct-2022 3.2% 5.9% 4.2% 2.9%
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Note: AAPI refers to Asian American and Pacific Islander. Race/ethnicity categories are mutually exclusive (i.e., white non-Hispanic, Black non-Hispanic, AAPI non-Hispanic, and Hispanic any race). 

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics' Current Population Survey, public data series. 

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A more comprehensive look at unemployment rates: Unemployment rates for select workers by race/ethnicity and gender, February 2020, April 2020, September 2022, and October 2022

characteristic February 2020 April 2020 September 2022 October 2022
White men 2.8% 12.3% 2.9% 3.0%
White women 2.7% 15.0% 2.6% 3.0%
Black men 6.1% 16.0% 5.8% 5.30%
Black women 4.8% 16.4% 5.4% 5.8%
Latinx men 3.1% 16.5% 3.2% 3.8%
Latinx women 4.9% 20.1% 3.6% 3.7%
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Notes: Data are for workers ages 20 and older. Racial and ethnic categories are not mutually exclusive; white and Black data do not exclude Latinx workers of each race. Unemployment levels are labeled for February, November, and the peak in between.

Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Household Data Table A-2, and Table A-3.

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A more comprehensive look at employment: Employment-to-population ratios for select workers by race/ethnicity and gender, February 2020, April 2020, September 2022, and October 2022

characteristic February 2020 April 2020 September 2022 October 2022
White men 69.70% 60.50% 68.2% 68.2%
White women 56.60% 47.10% 55.5% 55.3%
Black men 63.80% 53.20% 64.1% 63.6%
Black women 60.80% 49.60% 58.6% 58.6%
Latinx men 78.40% 64.30% 76.0% 76.0%
Latinx women 59.10% 45.20% 58.5% 57.7%

 

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Notes: Data are for workers ages 20 and older. Racial and ethnic categories are not mutually exclusive; white and Black data do not exclude Latinx workers of each race. Employment to population levels are labeled for February, April, and the trough in between.

Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Household Data Table A-2, and Table A-3.

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Jobs Day

Share of newly employed workers who said that they were not actively searching for work in the previous month

Date Share of newly employed workers who said that they were not actively searching for work in the previous month
Apr-1990 61.9%
May-1990 62.6%
Jun-1990 62.0%
Jul-1990 62.0%
Aug-1990 61.6%
Sep-1990 62.3%
Oct-1990 61.0%
Nov-1990 61.2%
Dec-1990 60.4%
Jan-1991 59.9%
Feb-1991 59.0%
Mar-1991 58.5%
Apr-1991 57.7%
May-1991 57.6%
Jun-1991 57.2%
Jul-1991 58.0%
Aug-1991 57.8%
Sep-1991 57.7%
Oct-1991 57.3%
Nov-1991 56.9%
Dec-1991 57.0%
Jan-1992 56.8%
Feb-1992 57.1%
Mar-1992 57.1%
Apr-1992 57.2%
May-1992 57.3%
Jun-1992 56.6%
Jul-1992 56.4%
Aug-1992 56.1%
Sep-1992 55.9%
Oct-1992 55.7%
Nov-1992 55.8%
Dec-1992 56.1%
Jan-1993 56.6%
Feb-1993 57.7%
Mar-1993 58.3%
Apr-1993 58.4%
May-1993 58.2%
Jun-1993 58.1%
Jul-1993 57.5%
Aug-1993 57.5%
Sep-1993 58.0%
Oct-1993 58.9%
Nov-1993 58.5%
Dec-1993 58.3%
Jan-1994 58.8%
Feb-1994 59.2%
Mar-1994 59.1%
Apr-1994 58.7%
May-1994 58.3%
Jun-1994 58.5%
Jul-1994 58.6%
Aug-1994 59.0%
Sep-1994 59.1%
Oct-1994 59.8%
Nov-1994 60.1%
Dec-1994 60.3%
Jan-1995 60.4%
Feb-1995 59.5%
Mar-1995 59.7%
Apr-1995 59.7%
May-1995 59.2%
Jun-1995 59.5%
Jul-1995 59.5%
Aug-1995 60.0%
Sep-1995 60.2%
Oct-1995 59.9%
Nov-1995 60.6%
Dec-1995 59.9%
Jan-1996 59.8%
Feb-1996 60.3%
Mar-1996 60.7%
Apr-1996 61.0%
May-1996 60.7%
Jun-1996 60.8%
Jul-1996 61.5%
Aug-1996 60.8%
Sep-1996 60.9%
Oct-1996 60.2%
Nov-1996 60.6%
Dec-1996 59.6%
Jan-1997 59.1%
Feb-1997 58.9%
Mar-1997 60.3%
Apr-1997 61.4%
May-1997 61.8%
Jun-1997 61.1%
Jul-1997 60.4%
Aug-1997 61.3%
Sep-1997 61.9%
Oct-1997 62.5%
Nov-1997 62.7%
Dec-1997 62.8%
Jan-1998 63.3%
Feb-1998 62.7%
Mar-1998 62.9%
Apr-1998 62.4%
May-1998 63.5%
Jun-1998 63.2%
Jul-1998 64.2%
Aug-1998 64.0%
Sep-1998 65.2%
Oct-1998 65.1%
Nov-1998 65.1%
Dec-1998 64.9%
Jan-1999 65.6%
Feb-1999 65.5%
Mar-1999 64.2%
Apr-1999 65.3%
May-1999 66.1%
Jun-1999 67.4%
Jul-1999 66.4%
Aug-1999 65.7%
Sep-1999 65.3%
Oct-1999 65.5%
Nov-1999 65.3%
Dec-1999 65.1%
Jan-2000 64.4%
Feb-2000 65.4%
Mar-2000 65.7%
Apr-2000 65.9%
May-2000 65.6%
Jun-2000 65.9%
Jul-2000 65.4%
Aug-2000 65.5%
Sep-2000 65.6%
Oct-2000 66.5%
Nov-2000 67.4%
Dec-2000 68.1%
Jan-2001 69.0%
Feb-2001 68.6%
Mar-2001 67.9%
Apr-2001 66.9%
May-2001 65.8%
Jun-2001 65.3%
Jul-2001 65.7%
Aug-2001 66.2%
Sep-2001 66.6%
Oct-2001 65.5%
Nov-2001 64.4%
Dec-2001 62.9%
Jan-2002 62.6%
Feb-2002 62.3%
Mar-2002 61.7%
Apr-2002 61.9%
May-2002 62.8%
Jun-2002 64.4%
Jul-2002 64.5%
Aug-2002 64.0%
Sep-2002 63.1%
Oct-2002 63.1%
Nov-2002 63.7%
Dec-2002 64.1%
Jan-2003 64.2%
Feb-2003 64.2%
Mar-2003 64.5%
Apr-2003 64.3%
May-2003 63.7%
Jun-2003 63.5%
Jul-2003 63.1%
Aug-2003 63.2%
Sep-2003 63.4%
Oct-2003 64.3%
Nov-2003 64.7%
Dec-2003 63.7%
Jan-2004 63.6%
Feb-2004 63.4%
Mar-2004 64.9%
Apr-2004 64.3%
May-2004 64.3%
Jun-2004 63.7%
Jul-2004 64.2%
Aug-2004 64.5%
Sep-2004 64.1%
Oct-2004 64.2%
Nov-2004 64.0%
Dec-2004 64.4%
Jan-2005 64.6%
Feb-2005 64.8%
Mar-2005 64.9%
Apr-2005 65.1%
May-2005 65.8%
Jun-2005 66.1%
Jul-2005 66.6%
Aug-2005 65.9%
Sep-2005 66.5%
Oct-2005 66.2%
Nov-2005 66.0%
Dec-2005 65.9%
Jan-2006 65.8%
Feb-2006 67.3%
Mar-2006 67.3%
Apr-2006 67.6%
May-2006 67.3%
Jun-2006 67.2%
Jul-2006 66.7%
Aug-2006 66.4%
Sep-2006 65.9%
Oct-2006 66.9%
Nov-2006 67.6%
Dec-2006 68.3%
Jan-2007 68.0%
Feb-2007 67.0%
Mar-2007 66.5%
Apr-2007 65.8%
May-2007 66.2%
Jun-2007 67.6%
Jul-2007 67.7%
Aug-2007 67.6%
Sep-2007 66.9%
Oct-2007 67.0%
Nov-2007 67.5%
Dec-2007 66.6%
Jan-2008 66.4%
Feb-2008 65.4%
Mar-2008 65.6%
Apr-2008 64.7%
May-2008 65.1%
Jun-2008 64.9%
Jul-2008 65.3%
Aug-2008 64.2%
Sep-2008 62.9%
Oct-2008 62.1%
Nov-2008 61.9%
Dec-2008 62.3%
Jan-2009 62.2%
Feb-2009 61.6%
Mar-2009 60.8%
Apr-2009 59.8%
May-2009 59.6%
Jun-2009 58.3%
Jul-2009 57.5%
Aug-2009 57.0%
Sep-2009 56.8%
Oct-2009 57.6%
Nov-2009 56.7%
Dec-2009 57.7%
Jan-2010 57.9%
Feb-2010 58.8%
Mar-2010 58.7%
Apr-2010 57.4%
May-2010 56.4%
Jun-2010 56.6%
Jul-2010 57.2%
Aug-2010 58.4%
Sep-2010 58.8%
Oct-2010 58.9%
Nov-2010 58.9%
Dec-2010 58.4%
Jan-2011 59.1%
Feb-2011 59.5%
Mar-2011 60.1%
Apr-2011 60.4%
May-2011 60.2%
Jun-2011 59.7%
Jul-2011 59.8%
Aug-2011 59.6%
Sep-2011 60.6%
Oct-2011 59.8%
Nov-2011 59.8%
Dec-2011 59.1%
Jan-2012 59.2%
Feb-2012 59.1%
Mar-2012 59.4%
Apr-2012 60.3%
May-2012 60.9%
Jun-2012 61.6%
Jul-2012 61.8%
Aug-2012 62.3%
Sep-2012 62.3%
Oct-2012 62.0%
Nov-2012 61.8%
Dec-2012 62.5%
Jan-2013 62.2%
Feb-2013 61.5%
Mar-2013 61.6%
Apr-2013 63.1%
May-2013 63.5%
Jun-2013 63.2%
Jul-2013 62.3%
Aug-2013 62.9%
Sep-2013 63.5%
Oct-2013 64.3%
Nov-2013 64.1%
Dec-2013 63.6%
Jan-2014 63.9%
Feb-2014 63.6%
Mar-2014 63.9%
Apr-2014 62.8%
May-2014 64.2%
Jun-2014 64.5%
Jul-2014 66.0%
Aug-2014 65.5%
Sep-2014 65.3%
Oct-2014 64.9%
Nov-2014 65.3%
Dec-2014 65.8%
Jan-2015 67.2%
Feb-2015 67.8%
Mar-2015 68.5%
Apr-2015 68.1%
May-2015 68.5%
Jun-2015 68.1%
Jul-2015 68.9%
Aug-2015 68.6%
Sep-2015 68.8%
Oct-2015 68.7%
Nov-2015 68.5%
Dec-2015 69.0%
Jan-2016 68.7%
Feb-2016 70.2%
Mar-2016 71.2%
Apr-2016 71.2%
May-2016 69.5%
Jun-2016 68.6%
Jul-2016 68.6%
Aug-2016 69.5%
Sep-2016 69.1%
Oct-2016 67.9%
Nov-2016 67.4%
Dec-2016 68.6%
Jan-2017 69.5%
Feb-2017 69.5%
Mar-2017 69.6%
Apr-2017 70.0%
May-2017 70.2%
Jun-2017 70.5%
Jul-2017 70.1%
Aug-2017 70.7%
Sep-2017 70.3%
Oct-2017 70.2%
Nov-2017 70.2%
Dec-2017 70.2%
Jan-2018 71.2%
Feb-2018 71.3%
Mar-2018 71.4%
Apr-2018 71.5%
May-2018 71.5%
Jun-2018 72.4%
Jul-2018 72.8%
Aug-2018 72.8%
Sep-2018 72.8%
Oct-2018 72.5%
Nov-2018 72.7%
Dec-2018 72.6%
Jan-2019 72.4%
Feb-2019 72.5%
Mar-2019 72.0%
Apr-2019 72.5%
May-2019 73.3%
Jun-2019 73.9%
Jul-2019 74.1%
Aug-2019 73.7%
Sep-2019 73.6%
Oct-2019 74.3%
Nov-2019 74.4%
Dec-2019 74.0%
Jan-2020 72.9%
Feb-2020 72.4%
Mar-2020 72.9%
Apr-2020 73.2%
May-2020 62.6%
Jun-2020 50.5%
Jul-2020 41.2%
Aug-2020 44.2%
Sep-2020 50.2%
Oct-2020 54.5%
Nov-2020 58.1%
Dec-2020 61.3%
Jan-2021 62.5%
Feb-2021 63.0%
Mar-2021 63.5%
Apr-2021 65.4%
May-2021 66.7%
Jun-2021 67.3%
Jul-2021 67.5%
Aug-2021 67.9%
Sep-2021 68.4%
Oct-2021 69.3%
Nov-2021 70.0%
Dec-2021 70.2%
Jan-2022 70.7%
Feb-2022 70.7%
Mar-2022 71.1%
Apr-2022 71.7%
May-2022 72.8%
Jun-2022 73.1%
Jul-2022 72.3%
Aug-2022 72.3%
Sep-2022 72.6%
Oct-2022 73.74%
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The data below can be saved or copied directly into Excel.

Note: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Labor Force Flows: Unemployed to Employed (16 Years and Over) [LNS17100000], and Not in Labor Force to Employed (16 years and over) [LNS17200000]. Because of volatility in these data, the line reflects a three month moving averages.

Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Population Survey public data series.

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Economic indicators

Number of workers at each level of unemployment duration, by month, February 2020–October 2022

Date Less than 5 weeks 5–14 weeks 15–26 weeks 27–51 weeks 52 weeks and over
Feb 20 2123 1830 793                 403                 718
Mar 20 3446 1825 760                 377                 793
Apr 20 14251 7066 705                 500                 512
May 20 3846 14806 996                 667                 537
Jun 20 2884 11522 1928                 717                 623
Jul 20 3141 5145 6509                 745                 735
Aug 20 2342 3105 6580                 778                 776
Sep 20 2535 2735 4962              1,561                 835
Oct 20 2467 2342 2654              2,742                 816
Nov 20 2485 2440 1873              3,062                 873
Dec 20 2906 2344 1563              3,103                 876
Jan 21 2307 2454 1336              3,068                 978
Feb 21 2234 2285 1383              2,938              1,218
Mar 21 2204 1950 1371              1,893              2,308
Apr 21 2400 1981 1160              1,666              2,521
May 21 1974 2218 1230              1,290              2,475
Jun 21 1972 2182 1338              1,392              2,581
Jul 21 2246 1794 1203              1,138              2,273
Aug 21 2110 1927 1248                 921              2,184
Sep 21 2227 1727 1047                 747              1,917
Oct 21 2051 1876 1001                 625              1,714
Nov 21 1985 1703 870                 604              1,589
Dec 21 1977 1571 780                 613              1,395
Jan 22 2417 1607 816                 398              1,293
Feb 22 2131 1800 735                 447              1,255
Mar 22 2289 1684 571                 341              1,087
Apr 22 2227 1617 551                 475              1,008
May 22 2066 1767 661                 424                 932
Jun 22 2262 1552 753                 466                 870
Jul 22 2080 1772 718                 241                 826
Aug 22 2223 1807 885                 315                 822
Sep 22 2154 1645 899                 364                 703
Oct 22 2211 1783 805                 392                 773
ChartData Download data

The data below can be saved or copied directly into Excel.

Notes: Data are seasonally adjusted. Seasonally adjusted data for Less than 5 weeks, 5-14 weeks, 15-26 weeks, and 27+ weeks are provided by BLS. Seasonally adjusted data are not available for 52+ so we applied the ratio of not-seasonally adjusted 52+ to not-seasonally adjusted 27+ to the seasonally adjusted 27+ to impute a seasonally adjusted 52+. Seasonally adjusted data for 27-51 is estimated as the difference between our estimated 52+ seasonally adjust data and the 27+ seasonally adjusted data.

Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Population Survey public data series.

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Longer-term labor market trends

Jobs day

Monthly change in payroll employment, 2007–2022

date Change in Employment
Jan-2007 228
Feb-2007 81
Mar-2007 235
Apr-2007 49
May-2007 151
Jun-2007 76
Jul-2007 -31
Aug-2007 -23
Sep-2007 80
Oct-2007 79
Nov-2007 110
Dec-2007 108
Jan-2008 11
Feb-2008 -79
Mar-2008 -49
Apr-2008 -240
May-2008 -177
Jun-2008 -171
Jul-2008 -196
Aug-2008 -278
Sep-2008 -460
Oct-2008 -481
Nov-2008 -727
Dec-2008 -706
Jan-2009 -784
Feb-2009 -743
Mar-2009 -800
Apr-2009 -695
May-2009 -342
Jun-2009 -467
Jul-2009 -340
Aug-2009 -183
Sep-2009 -241
Oct-2009 -199
Nov-2009 12
Dec-2009 -269
Jan-2010 2
Feb-2010 -92
Mar-2010 181
Apr-2010 231
May-2010 540
Jun-2010 -139
Jul-2010 -84
Aug-2010 -5
Sep-2010 -65
Oct-2010 268
Nov-2010 125
Dec-2010 72
Jan-2011 19
Feb-2011 212
Mar-2011 235
Apr-2011 314
May-2011 101
Jun-2011 236
Jul-2011 60
Aug-2011 126
Sep-2011 233
Oct-2011 204
Nov-2011 132
Dec-2011 202
Jan-2012 354
Feb-2012 262
Mar-2012 240
Apr-2012 82
May-2012 100
Jun-2012 73
Jul-2012 152
Aug-2012 172
Sep-2012 187
Oct-2012 159
Nov-2012 156
Dec-2012 239
Jan-2013 191
Feb-2013 278
Mar-2013 139
Apr-2013 191
May-2013 222
Jun-2013 181
Jul-2013 112
Aug-2013 242
Sep-2013 187
Oct-2013 225
Nov-2013 264
Dec-2013 69
Jan-2014 175
Feb-2014 166
Mar-2014 254
Apr-2014 325
May-2014 218
Jun-2014 326
Jul-2014 232
Aug-2014 188
Sep-2014 309
Oct-2014 252
Nov-2014 291
Dec-2014 268
Jan-2015 191
Feb-2015 271
Mar-2015 71
Apr-2015 284
May-2015 331
Jun-2015 174
Jul-2015 302
Aug-2015 125
Sep-2015 155
Oct-2015 306
Nov-2015 237
Dec-2015 273
Jan-2016 108
Feb-2016 212
Mar-2016 237
Apr-2016 197
May-2016 41
Jun-2016 258
Jul-2016 371
Aug-2016 143
Sep-2016 289
Oct-2016 118
Nov-2016 130
Dec-2016 214
Jan-2017 213
Feb-2017 190
Mar-2017 142
Apr-2017 205
May-2017 223
Jun-2017 197
Jul-2017 183
Aug-2017 145
Sep-2017 99
Oct-2017 141
Nov-2017 200
Dec-2017 176
Jan-2018 133
Feb-2018 402
Mar-2018 225
Apr-2018 179
May-2018 333
Jun-2018 183
Jul-2018 66
Aug-2018 219
Sep-2018 57
Oct-2018 145
Nov-2018 102
Dec-2018 248
Jan-2019 279
Feb-2019 24
Mar-2019 224
Apr-2019 288
May-2019 77
Jun-2019 130
Jul-2019 78
Aug-2019 160
Sep-2019 163
Oct-2019 93
Nov-2019 252
Dec-2019 200
Jan-2020 339
Feb-2020 376
Mar-2020 -1498
Apr-2020 -20493
May-2020 2642
Jun-2020 4505
Jul-2020 1388
Aug-2020 1665
Sep-2020 919
Oct-2020 647
Nov-2020 333
Dec-2020 -115
Jan-2021 520
Feb-2021 710
Mar-2021 704
Apr-2021 263
May-2021 447
Jun-2021 557
Jul-2021 689
Aug-2021 517
Sep-2021 424
Oct-2021 677
Nov-2021 647
Dec-2021 588
Jan-2022 504
Feb-2022 714
March-2022 398
Apr-2022 368
May-2022 386
Jun-2022 293
Jul-2022 537
Aug-2022 315
Sep-2022 263
Oct-2022 261

 

ChartData Download data

The data below can be saved or copied directly into Excel.

Note: Shaded areas denote recessions.

Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics' Current Employment Statistics public data series. 

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Jobs Day

Unemployment rate, 1948–2022

date Unemployment Rate
Jan-1948 3.40%
Feb-1948 3.80%
Mar-1948 4.00%
Apr-1948 3.90%
May-1948 3.50%
Jun-1948 3.60%
Jul-1948 3.60%
Aug-1948 3.90%
Sep-1948 3.80%
Oct-1948 3.70%
Nov-1948 3.80%
Dec-1948 4.00%
Jan-1949 4.30%
Feb-1949 4.70%
Mar-1949 5.00%
Apr-1949 5.30%
May-1949 6.10%
Jun-1949 6.20%
Jul-1949 6.70%
Aug-1949 6.80%
Sep-1949 6.60%
Oct-1949 7.90%
Nov-1949 6.40%
Dec-1949 6.60%
Jan-1950 6.50%
Feb-1950 6.40%
Mar-1950 6.30%
Apr-1950 5.80%
May-1950 5.50%
Jun-1950 5.40%
Jul-1950 5.00%
Aug-1950 4.50%
Sep-1950 4.40%
Oct-1950 4.20%
Nov-1950 4.20%
Dec-1950 4.30%
Jan-1951 3.70%
Feb-1951 3.40%
Mar-1951 3.40%
Apr-1951 3.10%
May-1951 3.00%
Jun-1951 3.20%
Jul-1951 3.10%
Aug-1951 3.10%
Sep-1951 3.30%
Oct-1951 3.50%
Nov-1951 3.50%
Dec-1951 3.10%
Jan-1952 3.20%
Feb-1952 3.10%
Mar-1952 2.90%
Apr-1952 2.90%
May-1952 3.00%
Jun-1952 3.00%
Jul-1952 3.20%
Aug-1952 3.40%
Sep-1952 3.10%
Oct-1952 3.00%
Nov-1952 2.80%
Dec-1952 2.70%
Jan-1953 2.90%
Feb-1953 2.60%
Mar-1953 2.60%
Apr-1953 2.70%
May-1953 2.50%
Jun-1953 2.50%
Jul-1953 2.60%
Aug-1953 2.70%
Sep-1953 2.90%
Oct-1953 3.10%
Nov-1953 3.50%
Dec-1953 4.50%
Jan-1954 4.90%
Feb-1954 5.20%
Mar-1954 5.70%
Apr-1954 5.90%
May-1954 5.90%
Jun-1954 5.60%
Jul-1954 5.80%
Aug-1954 6.00%
Sep-1954 6.10%
Oct-1954 5.70%
Nov-1954 5.30%
Dec-1954 5.00%
Jan-1955 4.90%
Feb-1955 4.70%
Mar-1955 4.60%
Apr-1955 4.70%
May-1955 4.30%
Jun-1955 4.20%
Jul-1955 4.00%
Aug-1955 4.20%
Sep-1955 4.10%
Oct-1955 4.30%
Nov-1955 4.20%
Dec-1955 4.20%
Jan-1956 4.00%
Feb-1956 3.90%
Mar-1956 4.20%
Apr-1956 4.00%
May-1956 4.30%
Jun-1956 4.30%
Jul-1956 4.40%
Aug-1956 4.10%
Sep-1956 3.90%
Oct-1956 3.90%
Nov-1956 4.30%
Dec-1956 4.20%
Jan-1957 4.20%
Feb-1957 3.90%
Mar-1957 3.70%
Apr-1957 3.90%
May-1957 4.10%
Jun-1957 4.30%
Jul-1957 4.20%
Aug-1957 4.10%
Sep-1957 4.40%
Oct-1957 4.50%
Nov-1957 5.10%
Dec-1957 5.20%
Jan-1958 5.80%
Feb-1958 6.40%
Mar-1958 6.70%
Apr-1958 7.40%
May-1958 7.40%
Jun-1958 7.30%
Jul-1958 7.50%
Aug-1958 7.40%
Sep-1958 7.10%
Oct-1958 6.70%
Nov-1958 6.20%
Dec-1958 6.20%
Jan-1959 6.00%
Feb-1959 5.90%
Mar-1959 5.60%
Apr-1959 5.20%
May-1959 5.10%
Jun-1959 5.00%
Jul-1959 5.10%
Aug-1959 5.20%
Sep-1959 5.50%
Oct-1959 5.70%
Nov-1959 5.80%
Dec-1959 5.30%
Jan-1960 5.20%
Feb-1960 4.80%
Mar-1960 5.40%
Apr-1960 5.20%
May-1960 5.10%
Jun-1960 5.40%
Jul-1960 5.50%
Aug-1960 5.60%
Sep-1960 5.50%
Oct-1960 6.10%
Nov-1960 6.10%
Dec-1960 6.60%
Jan-1961 6.60%
Feb-1961 6.90%
Mar-1961 6.90%
Apr-1961 7.00%
May-1961 7.10%
Jun-1961 6.90%
Jul-1961 7.00%
Aug-1961 6.60%
Sep-1961 6.70%
Oct-1961 6.50%
Nov-1961 6.10%
Dec-1961 6.00%
Jan-1962 5.80%
Feb-1962 5.50%
Mar-1962 5.60%
Apr-1962 5.60%
May-1962 5.50%
Jun-1962 5.50%
Jul-1962 5.40%
Aug-1962 5.70%
Sep-1962 5.60%
Oct-1962 5.40%
Nov-1962 5.70%
Dec-1962 5.50%
Jan-1963 5.70%
Feb-1963 5.90%
Mar-1963 5.70%
Apr-1963 5.70%
May-1963 5.90%
Jun-1963 5.60%
Jul-1963 5.60%
Aug-1963 5.40%
Sep-1963 5.50%
Oct-1963 5.50%
Nov-1963 5.70%
Dec-1963 5.50%
Jan-1964 5.60%
Feb-1964 5.40%
Mar-1964 5.40%
Apr-1964 5.30%
May-1964 5.10%
Jun-1964 5.20%
Jul-1964 4.90%
Aug-1964 5.00%
Sep-1964 5.10%
Oct-1964 5.10%
Nov-1964 4.80%
Dec-1964 5.00%
Jan-1965 4.90%
Feb-1965 5.10%
Mar-1965 4.70%
Apr-1965 4.80%
May-1965 4.60%
Jun-1965 4.60%
Jul-1965 4.40%
Aug-1965 4.40%
Sep-1965 4.30%
Oct-1965 4.20%
Nov-1965 4.10%
Dec-1965 4.00%
Jan-1966 4.00%
Feb-1966 3.80%
Mar-1966 3.80%
Apr-1966 3.80%
May-1966 3.90%
Jun-1966 3.80%
Jul-1966 3.80%
Aug-1966 3.80%
Sep-1966 3.70%
Oct-1966 3.70%
Nov-1966 3.60%
Dec-1966 3.80%
Jan-1967 3.90%
Feb-1967 3.80%
Mar-1967 3.80%
Apr-1967 3.80%
May-1967 3.80%
Jun-1967 3.90%
Jul-1967 3.80%
Aug-1967 3.80%
Sep-1967 3.80%
Oct-1967 4.00%
Nov-1967 3.90%
Dec-1967 3.80%
Jan-1968 3.70%
Feb-1968 3.80%
Mar-1968 3.70%
Apr-1968 3.50%
May-1968 3.50%
Jun-1968 3.70%
Jul-1968 3.70%
Aug-1968 3.50%
Sep-1968 3.40%
Oct-1968 3.40%
Nov-1968 3.40%
Dec-1968 3.40%
Jan-1969 3.40%
Feb-1969 3.40%
Mar-1969 3.40%
Apr-1969 3.40%
May-1969 3.40%
Jun-1969 3.50%
Jul-1969 3.50%
Aug-1969 3.50%
Sep-1969 3.70%
Oct-1969 3.70%
Nov-1969 3.50%
Dec-1969 3.50%
Jan-1970 3.90%
Feb-1970 4.20%
Mar-1970 4.40%
Apr-1970 4.60%
May-1970 4.80%
Jun-1970 4.90%
Jul-1970 5.00%
Aug-1970 5.10%
Sep-1970 5.40%
Oct-1970 5.50%
Nov-1970 5.90%
Dec-1970 6.10%
Jan-1971 5.90%
Feb-1971 5.90%
Mar-1971 6.00%
Apr-1971 5.90%
May-1971 5.90%
Jun-1971 5.90%
Jul-1971 6.00%
Aug-1971 6.10%
Sep-1971 6.00%
Oct-1971 5.80%
Nov-1971 6.00%
Dec-1971 6.00%
Jan-1972 5.80%
Feb-1972 5.70%
Mar-1972 5.80%
Apr-1972 5.70%
May-1972 5.70%
Jun-1972 5.70%
Jul-1972 5.60%
Aug-1972 5.60%
Sep-1972 5.50%
Oct-1972 5.60%
Nov-1972 5.30%
Dec-1972 5.20%
Jan-1973 4.90%
Feb-1973 5.00%
Mar-1973 4.90%
Apr-1973 5.00%
May-1973 4.90%
Jun-1973 4.90%
Jul-1973 4.80%
Aug-1973 4.80%
Sep-1973 4.80%
Oct-1973 4.60%
Nov-1973 4.80%
Dec-1973 4.90%
Jan-1974 5.10%
Feb-1974 5.20%
Mar-1974 5.10%
Apr-1974 5.10%
May-1974 5.10%
Jun-1974 5.40%
Jul-1974 5.50%
Aug-1974 5.50%
Sep-1974 5.90%
Oct-1974 6.00%
Nov-1974 6.60%
Dec-1974 7.20%
Jan-1975 8.10%
Feb-1975 8.10%
Mar-1975 8.60%
Apr-1975 8.80%
May-1975 9.00%
Jun-1975 8.80%
Jul-1975 8.60%
Aug-1975 8.40%
Sep-1975 8.40%
Oct-1975 8.40%
Nov-1975 8.30%
Dec-1975 8.20%
Jan-1976 7.90%
Feb-1976 7.70%
Mar-1976 7.60%
Apr-1976 7.70%
May-1976 7.40%
Jun-1976 7.60%
Jul-1976 7.80%
Aug-1976 7.80%
Sep-1976 7.60%
Oct-1976 7.70%
Nov-1976 7.80%
Dec-1976 7.80%
Jan-1977 7.50%
Feb-1977 7.60%
Mar-1977 7.40%
Apr-1977 7.20%
May-1977 7.00%
Jun-1977 7.20%
Jul-1977 6.90%
Aug-1977 7.00%
Sep-1977 6.80%
Oct-1977 6.80%
Nov-1977 6.80%
Dec-1977 6.40%
Jan-1978 6.40%
Feb-1978 6.30%
Mar-1978 6.30%
Apr-1978 6.10%
May-1978 6.00%
Jun-1978 5.90%
Jul-1978 6.20%
Aug-1978 5.90%
Sep-1978 6.00%
Oct-1978 5.80%
Nov-1978 5.90%
Dec-1978 6.00%
Jan-1979 5.90%
Feb-1979 5.90%
Mar-1979 5.80%
Apr-1979 5.80%
May-1979 5.60%
Jun-1979 5.70%
Jul-1979 5.70%
Aug-1979 6.00%
Sep-1979 5.90%
Oct-1979 6.00%
Nov-1979 5.90%
Dec-1979 6.00%
Jan-1980 6.30%
Feb-1980 6.30%
Mar-1980 6.30%
Apr-1980 6.90%
May-1980 7.50%
Jun-1980 7.60%
Jul-1980 7.80%
Aug-1980 7.70%
Sep-1980 7.50%
Oct-1980 7.50%
Nov-1980 7.50%
Dec-1980 7.20%
Jan-1981 7.50%
Feb-1981 7.40%
Mar-1981 7.40%
Apr-1981 7.20%
May-1981 7.50%
Jun-1981 7.50%
Jul-1981 7.20%
Aug-1981 7.40%
Sep-1981 7.60%
Oct-1981 7.90%
Nov-1981 8.30%
Dec-1981 8.50%
Jan-1982 8.60%
Feb-1982 8.90%
Mar-1982 9.00%
Apr-1982 9.30%
May-1982 9.40%
Jun-1982 9.60%
Jul-1982 9.80%
Aug-1982 9.80%
Sep-1982 10.10%
Oct-1982 10.40%
Nov-1982 10.80%
Dec-1982 10.80%
Jan-1983 10.40%
Feb-1983 10.40%
Mar-1983 10.30%
Apr-1983 10.20%
May-1983 10.10%
Jun-1983 10.10%
Jul-1983 9.40%
Aug-1983 9.50%
Sep-1983 9.20%
Oct-1983 8.80%
Nov-1983 8.50%
Dec-1983 8.30%
Jan-1984 8.00%
Feb-1984 7.80%
Mar-1984 7.80%
Apr-1984 7.70%
May-1984 7.40%
Jun-1984 7.20%
Jul-1984 7.50%
Aug-1984 7.50%
Sep-1984 7.30%
Oct-1984 7.40%
Nov-1984 7.20%
Dec-1984 7.30%
Jan-1985 7.30%
Feb-1985 7.20%
Mar-1985 7.20%
Apr-1985 7.30%
May-1985 7.20%
Jun-1985 7.40%
Jul-1985 7.40%
Aug-1985 7.10%
Sep-1985 7.10%
Oct-1985 7.10%
Nov-1985 7.00%
Dec-1985 7.00%
Jan-1986 6.70%
Feb-1986 7.20%
Mar-1986 7.20%
Apr-1986 7.10%
May-1986 7.20%
Jun-1986 7.20%
Jul-1986 7.00%
Aug-1986 6.90%
Sep-1986 7.00%
Oct-1986 7.00%
Nov-1986 6.90%
Dec-1986 6.60%
Jan-1987 6.60%
Feb-1987 6.60%
Mar-1987 6.60%
Apr-1987 6.30%
May-1987 6.30%
Jun-1987 6.20%
Jul-1987 6.10%
Aug-1987 6.00%
Sep-1987 5.90%
Oct-1987 6.00%
Nov-1987 5.80%
Dec-1987 5.70%
Jan-1988 5.70%
Feb-1988 5.70%
Mar-1988 5.70%
Apr-1988 5.40%
May-1988 5.60%
Jun-1988 5.40%
Jul-1988 5.40%
Aug-1988 5.60%
Sep-1988 5.40%
Oct-1988 5.40%
Nov-1988 5.30%
Dec-1988 5.30%
Jan-1989 5.40%
Feb-1989 5.20%
Mar-1989 5.00%
Apr-1989 5.20%
May-1989 5.20%
Jun-1989 5.30%
Jul-1989 5.20%
Aug-1989 5.20%
Sep-1989 5.30%
Oct-1989 5.30%
Nov-1989 5.40%
Dec-1989 5.40%
Jan-1990 5.40%
Feb-1990 5.30%
Mar-1990 5.20%
Apr-1990 5.40%
May-1990 5.40%
Jun-1990 5.20%
Jul-1990 5.50%
Aug-1990 5.70%
Sep-1990 5.90%
Oct-1990 5.90%
Nov-1990 6.20%
Dec-1990 6.30%
Jan-1991 6.40%
Feb-1991 6.60%
Mar-1991 6.80%
Apr-1991 6.70%
May-1991 6.90%
Jun-1991 6.90%
Jul-1991 6.80%
Aug-1991 6.90%
Sep-1991 6.90%
Oct-1991 7.00%
Nov-1991 7.00%
Dec-1991 7.30%
Jan-1992 7.30%
Feb-1992 7.40%
Mar-1992 7.40%
Apr-1992 7.40%
May-1992 7.60%
Jun-1992 7.80%
Jul-1992 7.70%
Aug-1992 7.60%
Sep-1992 7.60%
Oct-1992 7.30%
Nov-1992 7.40%
Dec-1992 7.40%
Jan-1993 7.30%
Feb-1993 7.10%
Mar-1993 7.00%
Apr-1993 7.10%
May-1993 7.10%
Jun-1993 7.00%
Jul-1993 6.90%
Aug-1993 6.80%
Sep-1993 6.70%
Oct-1993 6.80%
Nov-1993 6.60%
Dec-1993 6.50%
Jan-1994 6.60%
Feb-1994 6.60%
Mar-1994 6.50%
Apr-1994 6.40%
May-1994 6.10%
Jun-1994 6.10%
Jul-1994 6.10%
Aug-1994 6.00%
Sep-1994 5.90%
Oct-1994 5.80%
Nov-1994 5.60%
Dec-1994 5.50%
Jan-1995 5.60%
Feb-1995 5.40%
Mar-1995 5.40%
Apr-1995 5.80%
May-1995 5.60%
Jun-1995 5.60%
Jul-1995 5.70%
Aug-1995 5.70%
Sep-1995 5.60%
Oct-1995 5.50%
Nov-1995 5.60%
Dec-1995 5.60%
Jan-1996 5.60%
Feb-1996 5.50%
Mar-1996 5.50%
Apr-1996 5.60%
May-1996 5.60%
Jun-1996 5.30%
Jul-1996 5.50%
Aug-1996 5.10%
Sep-1996 5.20%
Oct-1996 5.20%
Nov-1996 5.40%
Dec-1996 5.40%
Jan-1997 5.30%
Feb-1997 5.20%
Mar-1997 5.20%
Apr-1997 5.10%
May-1997 4.90%
Jun-1997 5.00%
Jul-1997 4.90%
Aug-1997 4.80%
Sep-1997 4.90%
Oct-1997 4.70%
Nov-1997 4.60%
Dec-1997 4.70%
Jan-1998 4.60%
Feb-1998 4.60%
Mar-1998 4.70%
Apr-1998 4.30%
May-1998 4.40%
Jun-1998 4.50%
Jul-1998 4.50%
Aug-1998 4.50%
Sep-1998 4.60%
Oct-1998 4.50%
Nov-1998 4.40%
Dec-1998 4.40%
Jan-1999 4.30%
Feb-1999 4.40%
Mar-1999 4.20%
Apr-1999 4.30%
May-1999 4.20%
Jun-1999 4.30%
Jul-1999 4.30%
Aug-1999 4.20%
Sep-1999 4.20%
Oct-1999 4.10%
Nov-1999 4.10%
Dec-1999 4.00%
Jan-2000 4.00%
Feb-2000 4.10%
Mar-2000 4.00%
Apr-2000 3.80%
May-2000 4.00%
Jun-2000 4.00%
Jul-2000 4.00%
Aug-2000 4.10%
Sep-2000 3.90%
Oct-2000 3.90%
Nov-2000 3.90%
Dec-2000 3.90%
Jan-2001 4.20%
Feb-2001 4.20%
Mar-2001 4.30%
Apr-2001 4.40%
May-2001 4.30%
Jun-2001 4.50%
Jul-2001 4.60%
Aug-2001 4.90%
Sep-2001 5.00%
Oct-2001 5.30%
Nov-2001 5.50%
Dec-2001 5.70%
Jan-2002 5.70%
Feb-2002 5.70%
Mar-2002 5.70%
Apr-2002 5.90%
May-2002 5.80%
Jun-2002 5.80%
Jul-2002 5.80%
Aug-2002 5.70%
Sep-2002 5.70%
Oct-2002 5.70%
Nov-2002 5.90%
Dec-2002 6.00%
Jan-2003 5.80%
Feb-2003 5.90%
Mar-2003 5.90%
Apr-2003 6.00%
May-2003 6.10%
Jun-2003 6.30%
Jul-2003 6.20%
Aug-2003 6.10%
Sep-2003 6.10%
Oct-2003 6.00%
Nov-2003 5.80%
Dec-2003 5.70%
Jan-2004 5.70%
Feb-2004 5.60%
Mar-2004 5.80%
Apr-2004 5.60%
May-2004 5.60%
Jun-2004 5.60%
Jul-2004 5.50%
Aug-2004 5.40%
Sep-2004 5.40%
Oct-2004 5.50%
Nov-2004 5.40%
Dec-2004 5.40%
Jan-2005 5.30%
Feb-2005 5.40%
Mar-2005 5.20%
Apr-2005 5.20%
May-2005 5.10%
Jun-2005 5.00%
Jul-2005 5.00%
Aug-2005 4.90%
Sep-2005 5.00%
Oct-2005 5.00%
Nov-2005 5.00%
Dec-2005 4.90%
Jan-2006 4.70%
Feb-2006 4.80%
Mar-2006 4.70%
Apr-2006 4.70%
May-2006 4.60%
Jun-2006 4.60%
Jul-2006 4.70%
Aug-2006 4.70%
Sep-2006 4.50%
Oct-2006 4.40%
Nov-2006 4.50%
Dec-2006 4.40%
Jan-2007 4.60%
Feb-2007 4.50%
Mar-2007 4.40%
Apr-2007 4.50%
May-2007 4.40%
Jun-2007 4.60%
Jul-2007 4.70%
Aug-2007 4.60%
Sep-2007 4.70%
Oct-2007 4.70%
Nov-2007 4.70%
Dec-2007 5.00%
Jan-2008 5.00%
Feb-2008 4.90%
Mar-2008 5.10%
Apr-2008 5.00%
May-2008 5.40%
Jun-2008 5.60%
Jul-2008 5.80%
Aug-2008 6.10%
Sep-2008 6.10%
Oct-2008 6.50%
Nov-2008 6.80%
Dec-2008 7.30%
Jan-2009 7.80%
Feb-2009 8.30%
Mar-2009 8.70%
Apr-2009 9.00%
May-2009 9.40%
Jun-2009 9.50%
Jul-2009 9.50%
Aug-2009 9.60%
Sep-2009 9.80%
Oct-2009 10.00%
Nov-2009 9.90%
Dec-2009 9.90%
Jan-2010 9.80%
Feb-2010 9.80%
Mar-2010 9.90%
Apr-2010 9.90%
May-2010 9.60%
Jun-2010 9.40%
Jul-2010 9.40%
Aug-2010 9.50%
Sep-2010 9.50%
Oct-2010 9.40%
Nov-2010 9.80%
Dec-2010 9.30%
Jan-2011 9.10%
Feb-2011 9.00%
Mar-2011 9.00%
Apr-2011 9.10%
May-2011 9.00%
Jun-2011 9.10%
Jul-2011 9.00%
Aug-2011 9.00%
Sep-2011 9.00%
Oct-2011 8.80%
Nov-2011 8.60%
Dec-2011 8.50%
Jan-2012 8.30%
Feb-2012 8.30%
Mar-2012 8.20%
Apr-2012 8.20%
May-2012 8.20%
Jun-2012 8.20%
Jul-2012 8.20%
Aug-2012 8.10%
Sep-2012 7.80%
Oct-2012 7.80%
Nov-2012 7.70%
Dec-2012 7.90%
Jan-2013 8.00%
Feb-2013 7.70%
Mar-2013 7.50%
Apr-2013 7.60%
May-2013 7.50%
Jun-2013 7.50%
Jul-2013 7.30%
Aug-2013 7.20%
Sep-2013 7.20%
Oct-2013 7.20%
Nov-2013 6.90%
Dec-2013 6.70%
Jan-2014 6.60%
Feb-2014 6.70%
Mar-2014 6.70%
Apr-2014 6.20%
May-2014 6.30%
Jun-2014 6.10%
Jul-2014 6.20%
Aug-2014 6.10%
Sep-2014 5.90%
Oct-2014 5.70%
Nov-2014 5.80%
Dec-2014 5.60%
Jan-2015 5.70%
Feb-2015 5.50%
Mar-2015 5.40%
Apr-2015 5.40%
May-2015 5.60%
Jun-2015 5.30%
Jul-2015 5.20%
Aug-2015 5.10%
Sep-2015 5.00%
Oct-2015 5.00%
Nov-2015 5.10%
Dec-2015 5.00%
Jan-2016 4.80%
Feb-2016 4.90%
Mar-2016 5.00%
Apr-2016 5.10%
May-2016 4.80%
Jun-2016 4.90%
Jul-2016 4.80%
Aug-2016 4.90%
Sep-2016 5.00%
Oct-2016 4.90%
Nov-2016 4.70%
Dec-2016 4.70%
Jan-2017 4.70%
Feb-2017 4.60%
Mar-2017 4.40%
Apr-2017 4.40%
May-2017 4.40%
Jun-2017 4.30%
Jul-2017 4.30%
Aug-2017 4.40%
Sep-2017 4.30%
Oct-2017 4.20%
Nov-2017 4.20%
Dec-2017 4.10%
Jan-2018 4.00%
Feb-2018 4.10%
Mar-2018 4.00%
Apr-2018 4.00%
May-2018 3.80%
Jun-2018 4.00%
Jul-2018 3.80%
Aug-2018 3.80%
Sep-2018 3.70%
Oct-2018 3.80%
Nov-2018 3.80%
Dec-2018 3.90%
Jan-2019 4.00%
Feb-2019 3.80%
Mar-2019 3.80%
Apr-2019 3.60%
May-2019 3.60%
Jun-2019 3.60%
Jul-2019 3.70%
Aug-2019 3.70%
Sep-2019 3.50%
Oct-2019 3.60%
Nov-2019 3.60%
Dec-2019 3.60%
Jan-2020 3.50%
Feb-2020 3.50%
Mar-2020 4.40%
Apr-2020 14.70%
May-2020 13.20%
Jun-2020 11.00%
Jul-2020 10.20%
Aug-2020 8.40%
Sep-2020 7.90%
Oct-2020 6.90%
Nov-2020 6.70%
Dec-2020 6.70%
Jan-2021 6.40%
Feb-2021 6.20%
Mar-2021 6.00%
Apr-2021 6.00%
May-2021 5.80%
Jun-2021 5.90%
Jul-2021 5.40%
Aug-2021 5.20%
Sep-2021 4.70%
Oct-2021 4.60%
Nov-2021 4.20%
Dec-2021 3.90%
Jan-2022 4.00%
Feb-2022 3.80%
Mar-2022 3.60%
Apr-2022 3.60%
May-2022 3.60%
Jun-2022 3.60%
Jul-2022 3.50%
Aug-2022 3.70%
Sep-2022 3.50%
Oct-2022 3.70%
ChartData Download data

The data below can be saved or copied directly into Excel.

Note: Shaded areas denote recessions.

Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics' Current Population Survey. 

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Jobs Day

Unemployment rate of workers age 16 and older by race and ethnicity, 1995–2022

Date White Black Hispanic AAPI
Jan-1995 4.8 10.3 10.2
Feb-1995 4.7 10.1 9
Mar-1995 4.7 9.7 8.9
Apr-1995 5 10.7 8.9
May-1995 5 10 9.8
Jun-1995 4.9 10.7 9.1
Jul-1995 4.9 10.9 8.8
Aug-1995 4.9 11.1 9.6
Sep-1995 4.9 11.1 9.1
Oct-1995 4.9 10 9.4
Nov-1995 5 9.7 9.5
Dec-1995 4.9 10.2 9.3
Jan-1996 4.9 10.6 9.4
Feb-1996 4.8 10 9.6
Mar-1996 4.8 10.6 9.6
Apr-1996 4.8 10.7 9.6
May-1996 4.9 10.2 9.6
Jun-1996 4.6 10.4 8.8
Jul-1996 4.7 10.6 8.8
Aug-1996 4.4 10.6 8.8
Sep-1996 4.5 10.6 8.2
Oct-1996 4.5 10.7 8
Nov-1996 4.6 10.6 8.5
Dec-1996 4.6 10.5 7.4
Jan-1997 4.5 10.8 8.4
Feb-1997 4.5 10.7 8.2
Mar-1997 4.4 10.5 8.3
Apr-1997 4.3 10.2 8.2
May-1997 4.1 10.3 7.7
Jun-1997 4.2 10.8 7.5
Jul-1997 4.2 9.5 7.9
Aug-1997 4.2 9.4 7.2
Sep-1997 4.2 9.5 7.4
Oct-1997 4.1 9.5 7.8
Nov-1997 3.9 9.5 7
Dec-1997 3.9 10 7.3
Jan-1998 4 9.4 7.1
Feb-1998 3.9 9.3 6.9
Mar-1998 4 9.2 6.9
Apr-1998 3.7 9.1 6.7
May-1998 3.8 8.9 6.9
Jun-1998 3.9 8.8 7.4
Jul-1998 3.8 9.5 7.3
Aug-1998 3.9 8.8 7.4
Sep-1998 3.9 9.1 7.3
Oct-1998 3.9 8.6 7.2
Nov-1998 3.8 8.6 7.1
Dec-1998 3.8 7.7 7.7
Jan-1999 3.8 7.8 6.7
Feb-1999 3.8 8.2 6.7
Mar-1999 3.6 8 5.8
Apr-1999 3.8 7.8 7
May-1999 3.7 7.4 6.7
Jun-1999 3.8 7.7 6.6
Jul-1999 3.7 8.7 6.5
Aug-1999 3.7 7.7 6.5
Sep-1999 3.6 8.5 6.7
Oct-1999 3.5 8.4 6.4
Nov-1999 3.5 8 6
Dec-1999 3.5 7.8 5.8
Jan-2000 3.4 8.2 5.6
Feb-2000 3.6 8.1 5.7
Mar-2000 3.5 7.4 6.1
Apr-2000 3.4 7% 5.5
May-2000 3.5 7.7 5.8
Jun-2000 3.4 7.8 5.6
Jul-2000 3.5 7.7 5.8
Aug-2000 3.6 7.9 5.9
Sep-2000 3.5 7.3 5.8
Oct-2000 3.4% 7.3 5.1
Nov-2000 3.5 7.3 6
Dec-2000 3.5 7.4 5.7
Jan-2001 3.6 8.2 5.8
Feb-2001 3.7 7.7 6.1
Mar-2001 3.7 8.3 6.2
Apr-2001 3.9 8 6.4
May-2001 3.8 7.9 6.3
Jun-2001 4 8.3 6.6
Jul-2001 4 8 6.2
Aug-2001 4.3 9.1 6.5
Sep-2001 4.3 8.9 6.7
Oct-2001 4.7 9.5 7.1
Nov-2001 4.9 9.8 7.3
Dec-2001 5.1 10.1 7.7
Jan-2002 5.1 10 7.8
Feb-2002 5 9.9 7
Mar-2002 5 10.5 7.5
Apr-2002 5.2 10.7 8
May-2002 5.1 10.2 7.1
Jun-2002 5.1 10.5 7.4
Jul-2002 5.2 9.8 7.4
Aug-2002 5.1 9.8 7.5
Sep-2002 5.1 9.7 7.4
Oct-2002 5.1 9.8 7.9
Nov-2002 5.1 10.7 7.8
Dec-2002 5.1 11.3 7.9
Jan-2003 5.2 10.5 7.9 5.5
Feb-2003 5.1 10.7 7.7 5.8
Mar-2003 5.1 10.3 7.8 6.5
Apr-2003 5.3 10.9 7.6 6
May-2003 5.4 10.9 8 5.5
Jun-2003 5.5 11.5 8.3 7.4
Jul-2003 5.4 10.9 8 5.9
Aug-2003 5.4 10.9 7.7 6
Sep-2003 5.3 11.1 7.3 6.4
Oct-2003 5.1 11.4 7.5 6.2
Nov-2003 5.2 10.2 7.4 5.2
Dec-2003 5 10.1 6.7 5.4
Jan-2004 5 10.4 7.3 5
Feb-2004 4.9 9.7 7.4 4.5
Mar-2004 5.1 10.3 7.6 4.3
Apr-2004 5 9.8 7.1 4.7
May-2004 4.9 10.1 6.9 4.6
Jun-2004 5 10.2 6.6 4.6
Jul-2004 4.7 11 6.8 3.9
Aug-2004 4.7 10.5 6.8 3.7
Sep-2004 4.6 10.3 6.8 4.5
Oct-2004 4.6 10.8 6.8 4.9
Nov-2004 4.6 10.7 6.7 4.1
Dec-2004 4.5 10.7 6.6 4.2
Jan-2005 4.5 10.6 6 4.1
Feb-2005 4.6 10.9 6.3 4.3
Mar-2005 4.5 10.5 5.8 3.9
Apr-2005 4.4 10.3 6.4 4.2
May-2005 4.4 10.1 6 4.2
Jun-2005 4.3 10.2 5.7 3.6
Jul-2005 4.2 9.2 5.5 4.8
Aug-2005 4.2 9.7 5.8 3.7
Sep-2005 4.4 9.4 6.4 4.3
Oct-2005 4.4 9.1 6 3.2
Nov-2005 4.3 10.6 6.1 3.6
Dec-2005 4.2 9.2 6.1 3.8
Jan-2006 4.1 8.9 5.5 3
Feb-2006 4.1 9.5 5.4 3
Mar-2006 4 9.5 5.2 3.5
Apr-2006 4.1 9.4 5.5 3.9
May-2006 4.1 8.7 5 3.3
Jun-2006 4.1 8.9 5.2 3.1
Jul-2006 4.1 9.5 5.2 2.4
Aug-2006 4.1 8.8 5.3 3
Sep-2006 3.9 9 5.5 3
Oct-2006 3.9 8.4 4.8% 2.8
Nov-2006 4 8.5 5.1 3.1
Dec-2006 3.9 8.3 5 2.5
Jan-2007 4.2 7.9 5.5 3.1
Feb-2007 4.1 8 5.1 2.6
Mar-2007 3.8 8.4 5 3
Apr-2007 4 8.3 5.6 3.5
May-2007 3.9 8.3 5.8 3.2
Jun-2007 4.1 8.5 5.5 2.7
Jul-2007 4.2 8.1 5.9 2.7
Aug-2007 4.2 7.6 5.5 3.5
Sep-2007 4.2 8 5.9 3.4
Oct-2007 4.1 8.5 5.7 3.8
Nov-2007 4.2 8.5 5.9 3.6
Dec-2007 4.4 9 6.3 3.7
Jan-2008 4.4 9.1 6.3 3.1
Feb-2008 4.4 8.4 6.2 2.9
Mar-2008 4.5 9.2 6.9 3.6
Apr-2008 4.4 8.6 7.1 3.5
May-2008 4.8 9.6 6.9 4.1
Jun-2008 5 9.4 7.6 4.2
Jul-2008 5.2 10 7.5 3.7
Aug-2008 5.4 10.6 8 4.5
Sep-2008 5.4 11.3 8 4
Oct-2008 5.9 11.4 8.8 3.9
Nov-2008 6.2 11.5 8.7 4.8
Dec-2008 6.7 12.1 9.4 5.1
Jan-2009 7.1 12.7 10.1 6.1
Feb-2009 7.6 13.7 11.3 6.7
Mar-2009 8 13.7 11.7 6.5
Apr-2009 8.1 15 11.4 6.8
May-2009 8.5 15 12.3 7
Jun-2009 8.7 14.8 12.1 7.9
Jul-2009 8.7 14.8 12.5 8.1
Aug-2009 8.9 16.8% 13 7.6
Sep-2009 8.9 15.3 12.6 7.6
Oct-2009 9.2 15.8 12.8 7.6
Nov-2009 9.2% 15.7 12.4 7.2
Dec-2009 9 16.1 12.8 8.4
Jan-2010 8.8 16.5 12.9 8.3
Feb-2010 8.9 16.1 12.7 8.2
Mar-2010 8.9 16.8 13% 7.6
Apr-2010 9 16.6 12.5 7
May-2010 8.7 15.5 12 7.8
Jun-2010 8.6 15.2 12.3 7.4
Jul-2010 8.5 15.6 12.2 7.9
Aug-2010 8.6 15.9 12 7.3
Sep-2010 8.6 16 12.3 6.6
Oct-2010 8.6 15.6 12.3 7.2
Nov-2010 8.9 16.2 12.9 7.5
Dec-2010 8.5 15.5 12.9 7.2
Jan-2011 8.1 15.8 12.3 6.8
Feb-2011 8.1 15.5 11.8 6.7
Mar-2011 8 15.8 11.6 7.3
Apr-2011 8.1 16.5 11.9 6.5
May-2011 7.9 16.3 11.6 7.2
Jun-2011 8.1 16.2 11.5 6.5
Jul-2011 8 15.9 11.2 7.4
Aug-2011 7.9 16.4 11.2 7.2
Sep-2011 7.9 15.9 11.2 8
Oct-2011 7.9 14.6 11.3 7.4
Nov-2011 7.7 15.6 11.2 6.4
Dec-2011 7.5 15.4 11.1 6.8
Jan-2012 7.4 13.6 10.7 6.7
Feb-2012 7.4 14 10.9 6.2
Mar-2012 7.3 14 10.6 6.4
Apr-2012 7.4 13.3 10.3 5.4
May-2012 7.4 13.5 10.9 5.5
Jun-2012 7.3 14.5 10.9 6.1
Jul-2012 7.3 14.2 10.2 5.9
Aug-2012 7.2 13.8 10.1 5.9
Sep-2012 7 13.6 9.7 4.9
Oct-2012 6.9 14.1 10 4.9
Nov-2012 6.8 13.3 9.9 6.3
Dec-2012 6.9 14 9.6 6.6
Jan-2013 7.1 13.7 9.7 6.4
Feb-2013 6.8 13.8 9.7 6
Mar-2013 6.7 13 9.3 5.1
Apr-2013 6.7 13.3 9 5.3
May-2013 6.7 13.4 9 4.5
Jun-2013 6.6 14.2 9.1 4.7
Jul-2013 6.5 12.6 9.4 5.3
Aug-2013 6.4 12.8 9.2 5.1
Sep-2013 6.3 13 8.8 5.4
Oct-2013 6.3 12.8 9.1 5.4
Nov-2013 6.1 12.3 8.7 5.2
Dec-2013 5.9 11.9 8.3 4.3
Jan-2014 5.7 12.1 8.3 4.7
Feb-2014 5.8 11.8 8.2 5.9
Mar-2014 5.8 12.1 7.9 5.5
Apr-2014 5.3 11.6 7.2 5.9
May-2014 5.4 11.4 7.7 5.7
Jun-2014 5.3 11 7.8 4.7
Jul-2014 5.3 11.6 7.7 4.2
Aug-2014 5.3 11.4 7.4 4.5
Sep-2014 5.1 11 6.8 4.4
Oct-2014 4.9 10.6 6.8 5.1
Nov-2014 5 10.9 6.6 4.8
Dec-2014 4.7 10.6 6.4 4.4
Jan-2015 4.9 10.3 6.7 4
Feb-2015 4.7 10.1 6.8 4
Mar-2015 4.8 9.9 6.8 3.2
Apr-2015 4.7 9.7 6.8 4.4
May-2015 4.8 10.3 6.8 4.1
Jun-2015 4.6 9.7 6.7 3.9
Jul-2015 4.5 9.1 6.9 3.9
Aug-2015 4.4 9.4 6.6 3.4
Sep-2015 4.4 9.3 6.2 3.5
Oct-2015 4.4 9 6.3 3.5
Nov-2015 4.4 9.4 6.4 3.9
Dec-2015 4.4 8.5 6.2 4.1
Jan-2016 4.2 8.5 5.9 3.6
Feb-2016 4.2 8.6 5.5 3.8
Mar-2016 4.3 8.9 5.6 3.9
Apr-2016 4.4 8.8 6.2 3.8
May-2016 4.2 8.2 5.7 4.1
Jun-2016 4.3 8.7 6 3.6
Jul-2016 4.2 8.2 5.4 3.8
Aug-2016 4.4 8 5.6 4.1
Sep-2016 4.4 8.5 6.2 3.8
Oct-2016 4.4 8.5 5.7 3.4
Nov-2016 4.2 8.2 5.6 3.1
Dec-2016 4.2 8 5.8 2.7
Jan-2017 4.2 7.4 5.8 3.7
Feb-2017 4 8 5.6 3.4
Mar-2017 3.9 7.9 5 3.3
Apr-2017 3.9 7.8 5.2 3.3
May-2017 3.8 7.6 5.2 3.6
Jun-2017 3.8 7.1 5 3.7
Jul-2017 3.7 7.2 5.1 3.8
Aug-2017 3.9 7.5 5.1 3.9
Sep-2017 3.7 7.2 5.1 3.6
Oct-2017 3.6 7.6 5 3
Nov-2017 3.7 7.5 4.9 3
Dec-2017 3.7 6.9 5 2.5
Jan-2018 3.5 7.5 4.9 3
Feb-2018 3.6 6.8 4.9 2.9
Mar-2018 3.5 6.6 4.9 3.1
Apr-2018 3.6 6.5 4.8 2.9
May-2018 3.5 5.8 4.8 2.2
Jun-2018 3.5 6.5 4.6 3.3
Jul-2018 3.3 6.4 4.5 3.1
Aug-2018 3.4 6.2 4.7 2.9
Sep-2018 3.3 6.2 4.6 3.5
Oct-2018 3.3 6.4 4.4 3.1
Nov-2018 3.4 6.2 4.6 2.8
Dec-2018 3.4 6.8 4.5 3.3
Jan-2019 3.5 6.9 4.8 3
Feb-2019 3.2 7 4.3 3.1
Mar-2019 3.3 6.5 4.5 3.1
Apr-2019 3.2 6.6 4.1 2.3
May-2019 3.3 6.1 4.1 2.5
Jun-2019 3.3 6 4.3 2.2
Jul-2019 3.3 5.6 4.4 2.8
Aug-2019 3.4 5.2 4.2 2.8
Sep-2019 3.2 5.4 4 2.5
Oct-2019 3.3 5.6 4.2 2.9
Nov-2019 3.3 5.7 4.3 2.6
Dec-2019 3.1 6.2 4.3 2.6
Jan-2020 3 6.1 4.3 3.1
Feb-2020 3 6 4.4 2.4
Mar-2020 3.9 6.8 6 4.1
Apr-2020 14.1 16.7 18.9 14.5
May-2020 12.3 16.7 17.6 14.9
Jun-2020 10.1 15.3 14.5 13.9
Jul-2020 9.2 14.4 12.7 11.9
Aug-2020 7.4 12.8 10.5 10.6
Sep-2020 7 12 10.3 8.8
Oct-2020 6 10.8 8.8 7.6
Nov-2020 5.9 10.3 8.4 6.7
Dec-2020 6 9.9 9.3 5.9
Jan-2021 5.7 9.2 8.6 6.6
Feb-2021 5.6 9.9 8.5 5.1
Mar-2021 5.4 9.6 7.9 6
Apr-2021 5.3 9.7 7.9 5.7
May-2021 5.1 9.1 7.3 5.5
Jun-2021 5.2 9.2 7.4 5.8
Jul-2021 4.8 8.2 6.6 5.3
Aug-2021 4.5 8.8 6.4 4.6
Sep-2021 4.2 7.9 6.3 4.2
Oct-2021 4 7.9 5.9 4.2
Nov-2021 3.7 6.5 5.2 3.9
Dec-2021 3.2 7.1 4.9 3.8 
Jan-2022 3.4  6.9 4.9 3.6 
Feb-2022 3.3  6.6 4.4  3.1 
Mar-2022  3.2 6.2 4.2 2.8
Apr-2022 3.2  5.9 4.1 3.1
May-2022  3.2  6.2  4.3 2.4 
Jun-2022 3.3 5.8 4.3 3
Jul-2022 3.1  6.0    3.9    2.6
Aug-2022 3.2%  6.4 4.5 2.8
Sep-2022 3.1%  5.8%  3.8%  2.5%
Oct-2022 3.2% 5.9% 4.2% 2.9%
ChartData Download data

The data below can be saved or copied directly into Excel.

Notes: AAPI refers to Asian American and Pacific Islander. Race/ethnicity categories are mutually exclusive (i.e., white non-Hispanic, Black non-Hispanic, AAPI non-Hispanic, and Hispanic any race). Low-point and high-point of each series prior to the recovery from the Great Recession marked.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics' Current Population Survey, public data series. 

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Jobs Day

Employment-to-population ratio of workers ages 25–54, by gender, 1989–2022

Date Employment-to-population ratio, men Employment-to-population ratio, women
Jan-1989 89.9 70.5
Feb-1989 89.8 70.4
Mar-1989 89.9 70.2
Apr-1989 89.7 70.3
May-1989 89.8 70.1
Jun-1989 90 70.1
Jul-1989 89.9 70
Aug-1989 90 70.2
Sep-1989 89.7 70.7
Oct-1989 89.8 70.5
Nov-1989 89.9 70.8
Dec-1989 90 70.7
Jan-1990 89.9 70.9
Feb-1990 90.1 70.8
Mar-1990 89.8 70.8
Apr-1990 89.4 70.7
May-1990 89.3 70.8
Jun-1990 89.3 70.6
Jul-1990 89 70.6
Aug-1990 88.9 70.5
Sep-1990 88.7 70.5
Oct-1990 88.6 70.4
Nov-1990 88.5 70.2
Dec-1990 88.1 70.1
Jan-1991 88.2 69.9
Feb-1991 88 70.1
Mar-1991 87.7 70
Apr-1991 87.9 70.3
May-1991 87.4 70.1
Jun-1991 87.5 70.2
Jul-1991 87.5 70.1
Aug-1991 87.4 70
Sep-1991 87.5 70.1
Oct-1991 87.2 70
Nov-1991 87.1 70
Dec-1991 86.9 69.9 
Jan-1992 86.9 70.1
Feb-1992 86.6  70
Mar-1992 86.8 70
Apr-1992 86.9 70.2
May-1992 86.8 70.3
Jun-1992 86.9 70.3
Jul-1992 86.9 70.2
Aug-1992 86.9 70.2
Sep-1992 86.8 70.1
Oct-1992 86.7 70
Nov-1992 86.6 70.1
Dec-1992 86.7 69.9
Jan-1993 86.8 69.9
Feb-1993 86.7 69.9
Mar-1993 86.5 70.3
Apr-1993 86.8 69.9
May-1993 87 70.2
Jun-1993 87.1 70.4
Jul-1993 87.1 70.4
Aug-1993 87.2 70.6
Sep-1993 87.1 70.5
Oct-1993 87.1 70.5
Nov-1993 87.5 70.7
Dec-1993 87.4 71
Jan-1994 87.1 71
Feb-1994 86.8 71.3
Mar-1994 87 71.1
Apr-1994 87.1 71.2
May-1994 87.3 71.3
Jun-1994 87 70.9
Jul-1994 87 71.4
Aug-1994 87 71.7
Sep-1994 87.4 72.1
Oct-1994 87.5 71.9
Nov-1994 87.9 72
Dec-1994 88 71.8
Jan-1995 87.9 71.8
Feb-1995 88.1 72.2
Mar-1995 87.9 72.1
Apr-1995 87.7 72.2
May-1995 87.6 72.1
Jun-1995 87.6 71.7
Jul-1995 87.5 72.2
Aug-1995 87.4 72.1
Sep-1995 87.6 72.3
Oct-1995 87.6 72.3
Nov-1995 87.2 72.6
Dec-1995 87.2 72.4
Jan-1996 87.5 72.4
Feb-1996 87.7 72.4
Mar-1996 87.5 72.6
Apr-1996 87.5 72.6
May-1996 87.6 72.5
Jun-1996 87.8 72.7
Jul-1996 88.1 72.9
Aug-1996 88.4 73
Sep-1996 88.1 73
Oct-1996 88.3 73.1
Nov-1996 88.2 73
Dec-1996 88.3 73
Jan-1997 88.2 73.2
Feb-1997 88.2 72.9
Mar-1997 88.2 73.3
Apr-1997 88.1 73.5
May-1997 88.1 73.3
Jun-1997 88.4 73.6
Jul-1997 88.6 73.9
Aug-1997 88.7 74.1
Sep-1997 88.6 73.9
Oct-1997 88.6 73.8
Nov-1997 88.7 73.6
Dec-1997 88.6 73.6
Jan-1998 88.8 73.4
Feb-1998 88.9 73.4
Mar-1998 88.8 73.5
Apr-1998 88.9 73.5
May-1998 88.8 73.4
Jun-1998 88.7 73.6
Jul-1998 88.7 73.8
Aug-1998 88.8 73.9
Sep-1998 88.8 74
Oct-1998 88.8 73.7
Nov-1998 89.1 73.7
Dec-1998 88.9 74
Jan-1999 89.7 74.3
Feb-1999 89.2 74.1
Mar-1999 89.2 73.8
Apr-1999 89.1 73.8
May-1999 88.9 74.1
Jun-1999 88.8 74.2
Jul-1999 88.8 73.8
Aug-1999 88.7 74.1
Sep-1999 88.6 74.3
Oct-1999 88.7 74.5
Nov-1999 89 74.5
Dec-1999 89 74.3
Jan-2000 89.5 74.4
Feb-2000 89.4 74.5
Mar-2000 89.3 74.5
Apr-2000 89.2 74.9
May-2000 89 74.4
Jun-2000 89.1 74.2
Jul-2000 88.9 73.9
Aug-2000 88.9 73.6
Sep-2000 88.6 73.9
Oct-2000 88.6 73.9
Nov-2000 88.8 74.1
Dec-2000 88.9 74.1
Jan-2001 88.9  74.2 
Feb-2001 88.8 74.2
Mar-2001 88.5 74.3
Apr-2001 88.3 73.7
May-2001 88.3 73.7
Jun-2001 88.1 73.4
Jul-2001 87.9 73.4
Aug-2001 87.6 73.2
Sep-2001 87.6 73.1
Oct-2001 87.4 72.7
Nov-2001 87 72.6
Dec-2001 87.1 72.6
Jan-2002 86.8 72.5
Feb-2002 87.1 72.7
Mar-2002 87 72.5
Apr-2002 86.8 72.5
May-2002 86.9 72.2
Jun-2002 86.5  72.1
Jul-2002 86.5 71.9 
Aug-2002 86.8 72.1
Sep-2002 86.8 72.2
Oct-2002 86.6 72.1
Nov-2002 85.9 71.9
Dec-2002 86 72.2
Jan-2003 85.6 72.4
Feb-2003 85.9 72.1
Mar-2003 85.8 72.4
Apr-2003 85.9 72.4
May-2003 85.7 72.2
Jun-2003 85.8 72.3
Jul-2003 85.8 71.9
Aug-2003 85.7 72
Sep-2003 85.9 71.6 
Oct-2003 85.9 71.6
Nov-2003 86 71.7
Dec-2003 86.4 71.4
Jan-2004 86.4 71.6
Feb-2004 86.2 71.7
Mar-2004 86 71.8
Apr-2004 86.2 71.8
May-2004 86.3 71.9
Jun-2004 86.5 71.9
Jul-2004 86.7 71.9
Aug-2004 86.5 71.8
Sep-2004 86.4 71.9
Oct-2004 86.3 71.9
Nov-2004 86.5 72
Dec-2004 86.2 71.8
Jan-2005 86.5 72
Feb-2005 86.7 71.9
Mar-2005 86.8 71.8
Apr-2005 87 72
May-2005 87.1 72.1
Jun-2005 87 71.7
Jul-2005 87 71.9
Aug-2005 87.4 72.1
Sep-2005 87 72.1
Oct-2005 87 71.9
Nov-2005 86.8 71.9
Dec-2005 86.7 72.1
Jan-2006 87.2 72.2
Feb-2006 87.1 72.4
Mar-2006 87.4 72.3
Apr-2006 87.2 72.1
May-2006 87.2 72.3
Jun-2006 87.2 72.5
Jul-2006 87.1 72.7
Aug-2006 87.1 72.6
Sep-2006 87.4 72.5
Oct-2006 87.4 72.9
Nov-2006 87.5 72.7
Dec-2006 87.7 72.7
Jan-2007 88 72.8
Feb-2007 87.9 72.6
Mar-2007 88 72.7
Apr-2007 87.9 72.2
May-2007 87.7 72.5
Jun-2007 87.5 72.5
Jul-2007 87.3 72.4
Aug-2007 87.2 72.6
Sep-2007 87.1 72.5
Oct-2007 86.9 72.4
Nov-2007 87.2 72.5
Dec-2007 87.2 72.4
Jan-2008 87.4 72.7
Feb-2008 87.4 72.6
Mar-2008 87.1 72.6
Apr-2008 86.7 72.7
May-2008 86.5 72.6
Jun-2008 86.3 72.6
Jul-2008 86.2 72.4
Aug-2008 85.8 72.1
Sep-2008 85.4 72.3
Oct-2008 85.2 71.9
Nov-2008 84.7 71.7
Dec-2008 83.7 71.6
Jan-2009 83.1 71.1
Feb-2009 82.5 71
Mar-2009 82 70.6
Apr-2009 81.8 70.7
May-2009 81.5 70.4
Jun-2009 81.5 70.4
Jul-2009 81.3 70.4
Aug-2009 81.2 70
Sep-2009 80.8 69.5
Oct-2009 80.8 69.4
Nov-2009 80.7 69.8
Dec-2009 80.4 69.2
Jan-2010 80.7 69.8
Feb-2010 80.6 69.7
Mar-2010 80.8 69.5
Apr-2010 81.3 69.6
May-2010 81.1 69.3
Jun-2010 81.1 69.5
Jul-2010 81.1 69.1
Aug-2010 81.2 69 
Sep-2010 81.2 69.1
Oct-2010 81.1 69
Nov-2010 80.7 69.1
Dec-2010 80.8 69.4
Jan-2011 81.2 69.3
Feb-2011 81.4 69
Mar-2011 81.4 69.3
Apr-2011 81.2 69.1
May-2011 81.6 68.9
Jun-2011 81.3 68.8 
Jul-2011 81.1 69
Aug-2011 81.4 68.9
Sep-2011 81.3 68.7
Oct-2011 81.1 68.9
Nov-2011 81.9 68.8
Dec-2011 82.1 68.9
Jan-2012 82.5 68.9
Feb-2012 82.4 68.9
Mar-2012 82.5 69.2
Apr-2012 82.5 69.1
May-2012 82.5 69.2
Jun-2012 82.6 69
Jul-2012 82.4 69.1
Aug-2012 82.4 69.2
Sep-2012 82.7 69.5
Oct-2012 82.9 69.6
Nov-2012 82.5 69.4
Dec-2012 82.8 69.4
Jan-2013 82.6 68.9
Feb-2013 82.8 69
Mar-2013 82.8 69
Apr-2013 82.8 69.1
May-2013 83 69.3
Jun-2013 82.9 69.2
Jul-2013 82.9 69.4
Aug-2013 82.6 69.6
Sep-2013 82.6 69.6
Oct-2013 82.4 69
Nov-2013 83 69.3
Dec-2013 83 69.5
Jan-2014 83.2 69.8
Feb-2014 83 70.1
Mar-2014 83.5 69.8
Apr-2014 83.2 69.9
May-2014 83.3 69.8
Jun-2014 83.8 70.2
Jul-2014 83.8 69.8
Aug-2014 83.9 70.1
Sep-2014 84.1 69.8
Oct-2014 84 70.1
Nov-2014 83.9 70.3
Dec-2014 84.2 70.3
Jan-2015 84.3 70.2
Feb-2015 84.3 70.3
Mar-2015 84.5 70
Apr-2015 84.4 70.2
May-2015 84.3 70.4
Jun-2015 84.5 70.5
Jul-2015 84.4 70.1
Aug-2015 84.6 70.2
Sep-2015 84.6 70.2
Oct-2015 84.4 70.3
Nov-2015 84.4 70.7
Dec-2015 84.5 70.6
Jan-2016 84.9 70.7
Feb-2016 84.9 70.8
Mar-2016 85.2 70.9
Apr-2016 84.8 70.9
May-2016 84.9 71
Jun-2016 85.1 71
Jul-2016 84.9 71.4
Aug-2016 84.9 71.1
Sep-2016 84.9 71.4
Oct-2016 85 71.5
Nov-2016 85 71.4
Dec-2016 85 71.4
Jan-2017 85.3 71.3
Feb-2017 85.1 71.6
Mar-2017 85.2 72
Apr-2017 85.4 72
May-2017 85.3 71.9
Jun-2017 85.3 72.2
Jul-2017 85.3 72.4
Aug-2017 85 72.1
Sep-2017 85.6 72.5
Oct-2017 85.6 72.2
Nov-2017 85.6 72.5
Dec-2017 86 72.2
Jan-2018 85.9 72.1
Feb-2018 86.4 72.3
Mar-2018 86.2 72.4
Apr-2018 86.3 72.2
May-2018 86.3 72.5
Jun-2018 86.1 72.8
Jul-2018 86.3 73.1
Aug-2018 86 72.9
Sep-2018 85.9 73.1
Oct-2018 86.2 73.4
Nov-2018 86.3 73.1
Dec-2018 86 73.3
Jan-2019 86.4 73.3
Feb-2019 86.5 73.3
Mar-2019 86.7 73.1
Apr-2019 86.4 73.2
May-2019 86.3 73.3
Jun-2019 86.1 73.6
Jul-2019 86.2 73.2
Aug-2019 86.3 74
Sep-2019 86.4 74.2
Oct-2019 86.5 74.4
Nov-2019 86.7 74.1
Dec-2019 86.5 74.5
Jan-2020 86.6 74.6
Feb-2020 86.4 74.5
Mar-2020 85.8 73.3
Apr-2020 76 63.4
May-2020 77.9 64.9
Jun-2020 79.6 67.7
Jul-2020 79.9 68.1
Aug-2020 81.6 69.3
Sep-2020 81.5 68.9
Oct-2020 82.1 70.1
Nov-2020 81.9 70.2
Dec-2020 82.3 70.4
Jan-2021 82.5 70.4
Feb-2021 82.6 70.6
Mar-2021 82.8 71
Apr-2021 82.9 71.1
May-2021 82.9 71.3
Jun-2021 83.2 71.4
Jul-2021 83.8 71.9
Aug-2021 84 72
Sep-2021 84.1 72
Oct-2021 84.5 72.2
Nov-2021 84.8 72.9
Dec-2021 85.0 73.2
Jan-2022 85.1 73.3
Feb-2022 85.9 73.2
Mar-2022 86.1 74.1
Apr-2022 86.0 73.9
May-2022 86 74.1
Jun-2022 85.8 73.9
Jul-2022 85.9 74.2
Aug-2022 85.9 74.8
Sep-2022 86.2 74.4
Oct-2022 85.7 74
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Past employment reports

  • News from EPI › Jobs report shows more than 25 million workers are directly harmed by the COVID labor market: Congress must pass the full $1.9 trillion relief package immediately

    March 5, 2021 By Elise Gould Economic Indicators

  • News from EPI › The U.S. labor market remains 9.9 million jobs below pre-pandemic levels

    February 5, 2021 By Elise Gould Economic Indicators

  • News from EPI › December jobs report provides a clear picture of Trump’s failed handling of the economy

    January 8, 2021 By Elise Gould Economic Indicators

  • News from EPI › Recovery continues to wane: Expiring unemployment relief means more trouble around the corner

    December 4, 2020 By Elise Gould Economic Indicators

  • News from EPI › October jobs report: Next president inherits a devastated economy with millions out of work

    November 6, 2020 By Elise Gould Economic Indicators

  • News from EPI › Slowdown in jobs added means we could be years away from a full recovery

    October 2, 2020 By Elise Gould Economic Indicators

  • News from EPI › Six months into the recession and a 11.5 million jobs deficit remains

    September 4, 2020 By Elise Gould Economic Indicators

  • News from EPI › The bounceback deflates: Job gains slow considerably in July

    August 7, 2020 By Elise Gould Economic Indicators