Economic Indicators Jobs and unemployment
Key numbers • May
May
Jobs report: May jobs report sends mixed signals: Solid payroll gains contrast with a weaker household survey and a continued decline in federal government employment
Below, EPI economists offer their insights on the jobs report released this morning, which showed 139,000 jobs added in May.
From EPI senior economist, Elise Gould:
The latest BLS data out this morning suggests the labor market remains relatively resilient compared to softer measures though the household survey shows some signs of weakness.
– payroll jobs up 139k
– federal jobs down 22k
– labor force participation down 625k
#EconSky #NumbersDay @epi.org— Elise Gould (@elisegould.bsky.social) Jun 6, 2025 at 7:47 AM
Payroll employment increased 139k in May, though there were notable downward revisions the past two months, a total of 95k fewer jobs in March and April than originally reported. Job growth was strong in health care and leisure and hospitality. The federal government lost 22k jobs in May.
#EconSky— Elise Gould (@elisegould.bsky.social) Jun 6, 2025 at 7:57 AM
Employment in the federal govt fell 22k in April, down 59k since Jan. Even as bad as this is, the devastation to the federal workforce has yet to be fully realized because many workers are on administration leave and more recent federal UI claims data suggest further cutbacks.
#EconSky #NumbersDay— Elise Gould (@elisegould.bsky.social) Jun 6, 2025 at 8:03 AM
From EPI president Heidi Shierholz:
Another “tale of two surveys” for #JobsDay. The payroll survey was solid—139k jobs added—while the household survey showed a huge drop in employment, -696k. (The unemp rate didn’t rise because the drop in employment was masked by people dropping out of the labor force.) 1/
— Heidi Shierholz (@hshierholz.bsky.social) Jun 6, 2025 at 7:45 AM
Remember that when the surveys are telling different stories, the rule of thumb is to put more weight on what the payroll survey says, since it is a much bigger survey. 2/
— Heidi Shierholz (@hshierholz.bsky.social) Jun 6, 2025 at 7:53 AM
That said, the weak household survey could be giving us a glimpse of what the future holds, as the impact of Trump’s foolish, cruel, chaotic policies begin to have real effects on the economy. 3/
— Heidi Shierholz (@hshierholz.bsky.social) Jun 6, 2025 at 7:53 AM
It’s worth noting that while the payroll survey was indeed solid, it nevertheless slowed, and there were downward revisions to prior data. Last #JobsDay, the three-month moving average was 155k. Today, it was 135k, a sizeable drop. 4/
— Heidi Shierholz (@hshierholz.bsky.social) Jun 6, 2025 at 8:05 AM
Every month, the Bureau of Labor Statistics releases a report on the employment situation for the previous month. Their release includes data on job growth, unemployment, and wage growth, which gives us a snapshot of the health of the economy and whether it’s working for ordinary Americans.
Below, EPI economists offer their insights on the jobs report released this morning, which showed 139,000 jobs added in May.
From EPI senior economist, Elise Gould:
The latest BLS data out this morning suggests the labor market remains relatively resilient compared to softer measures though the household survey shows some signs of weakness.
– payroll jobs up 139k
– federal jobs down 22k
– labor force participation down 625k
#EconSky #NumbersDay @epi.org— Elise Gould (@elisegould.bsky.social) Jun 6, 2025 at 7:47 AM
Payroll employment increased 139k in May, though there were notable downward revisions the past two months, a total of 95k fewer jobs in March and April than originally reported. Job growth was strong in health care and leisure and hospitality. The federal government lost 22k jobs in May.
#EconSky— Elise Gould (@elisegould.bsky.social) Jun 6, 2025 at 7:57 AM
Employment in the federal govt fell 22k in April, down 59k since Jan. Even as bad as this is, the devastation to the federal workforce has yet to be fully realized because many workers are on administration leave and more recent federal UI claims data suggest further cutbacks.
#EconSky #NumbersDay— Elise Gould (@elisegould.bsky.social) Jun 6, 2025 at 8:03 AM
From EPI president Heidi Shierholz:
Another “tale of two surveys” for #JobsDay. The payroll survey was solid—139k jobs added—while the household survey showed a huge drop in employment, -696k. (The unemp rate didn’t rise because the drop in employment was masked by people dropping out of the labor force.) 1/
— Heidi Shierholz (@hshierholz.bsky.social) Jun 6, 2025 at 7:45 AM
Remember that when the surveys are telling different stories, the rule of thumb is to put more weight on what the payroll survey says, since it is a much bigger survey. 2/
— Heidi Shierholz (@hshierholz.bsky.social) Jun 6, 2025 at 7:53 AM
That said, the weak household survey could be giving us a glimpse of what the future holds, as the impact of Trump’s foolish, cruel, chaotic policies begin to have real effects on the economy. 3/
— Heidi Shierholz (@hshierholz.bsky.social) Jun 6, 2025 at 7:53 AM
It’s worth noting that while the payroll survey was indeed solid, it nevertheless slowed, and there were downward revisions to prior data. Last #JobsDay, the three-month moving average was 155k. Today, it was 135k, a sizeable drop. 4/
— Heidi Shierholz (@hshierholz.bsky.social) Jun 6, 2025 at 8:05 AM
Charting jobs and unemployment
Current Employment Statistics Charts
The Current Employment Statistics (CES) program, also known as the establishment survey, is a monthly survey administered by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) which provides estimates of employment, hours, and earnings based on payroll records of approximately 131,000 businesses and government agencies.
Monthly change in payroll employment, January 2023–May 2025
Date | Change in Employment |
---|---|
Jan-2023 | 444 |
Feb-2023 | 306 |
Mar-2023 | 85 |
Apr-2023 | 216 |
May-2023 | 227 |
Jun-2023 | 257 |
Jul-2023 | 148 |
Aug-2023 | 157 |
Sep-2023 | 158 |
Oct-2023 | 186 |
Nov-2023 | 141 |
Dec-2023 | 269 |
Jan-2024 | 119 |
Feb-2024 | 222 |
Mar-2024 | 246 |
Apr-2024 | 118 |
May-2024 | 193 |
Jun-2024 | 87 |
Jul-2024 | 88 |
Aug-2024 | 71 |
Sep-2024 | 240 |
Oct-2024 | 44 |
Nov-2024 | 261 |
Dec-2024 | 323 |
Jan-2025 | 111 |
Feb-2025 | 102 |
Mar-2025 | 120 |
Apr-2025 | 147 |
May-2025 | 139 |
Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics' Current Employment Statistics public data series.
Month-over-month change in federal worker employment, 2019–2025
Date | Change in employment |
---|---|
Jan-2019 | 0 |
Feb-2019 | 2 |
Mar-2019 | 1 |
Apr-2019 | 16 |
May-2019 | 2 |
Jun-2019 | 4 |
Jul-2019 | -4 |
Aug-2019 | 25 |
Sep-2019 | -2 |
Oct-2019 | -15 |
Nov-2019 | 5 |
Dec-2019 | -5 |
Jan-2020 | 18 |
Feb-2020 | 2 |
Mar-2020 | 19 |
Apr-2020 | -1 |
May-2020 | 1 |
Jun-2020 | 7 |
Jul-2020 | 25 |
Aug-2020 | 248 |
Sep-2020 | -33 |
Oct-2020 | -142 |
Nov-2020 | -89 |
Dec-2020 | 5 |
Jan-2021 | -11 |
Feb-2021 | -4 |
Mar-2021 | 3 |
Apr-2021 | 10 |
May-2021 | -8 |
Jun-2021 | 1 |
Jul-2021 | 0 |
Aug-2021 | -1 |
Sep-2021 | -1 |
Oct-2021 | -10 |
Nov-2021 | 12 |
Dec-2021 | -7 |
Jan-2022 | -3 |
Feb-2022 | -4 |
Mar-2022 | -5 |
Apr-2022 | -2 |
May-2022 | -4 |
Jun-2022 | -11 |
Jul-2022 | 10 |
Aug-2022 | -3 |
Sep-2022 | 4 |
Oct-2022 | 6 |
Nov-2022 | 6 |
Dec-2022 | -2 |
Jan-2023 | 9 |
Feb-2023 | 8 |
Mar-2023 | 7 |
Apr-2023 | 8 |
May-2023 | 9 |
Jun-2023 | 9 |
Jul-2023 | 5 |
Aug-2023 | 14 |
Sep-2023 | 6 |
Oct-2023 | 7 |
Nov-2023 | 2 |
Dec-2023 | 9 |
Jan-2024 | 11 |
Feb-2024 | 8 |
Mar-2024 | 12 |
Apr-2024 | -2 |
May-2024 | 3 |
Jun-2024 | 2 |
Jul-2024 | 2 |
Aug-2024 | 2 |
Sep-2024 | 4 |
Oct-2024 | 3 |
Nov-2024 | -2 |
Dec-2024 | 3 |
Jan-2025 | 3 |
Feb 2025 | -13 |
Mar-2025 | -11 |
Apr-2025 | -13 |
May-2025 | -22 |
Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics' Current Employment Statistics public data series.
Employment change by industry (thousands) between April 2025 and May 2025
Industry | Employment change with shortcode |
---|---|
Health care | 62 |
Leisure and hospitality | 48 |
State/Local government | 21 |
Social assistance | 16 |
Financial activities | 13 |
Educational services | 9 |
Other services | 9 |
Transportation and warehousing | 6 |
Construction | 4 |
Wholesale trade | 2 |
Information | 2 |
Utilities | 2 |
Mining and logging | -1 |
Retail services | -6 |
Manufacturing | -8 |
Professional and business services | -18 |
Federal Government | -22 |
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics' (BLS) Current Employment Statistics, Establishment Survey (CES) public data series.
Nominal wage growth in average hourly earnings for all workers, year over year change, three-month change annualized, and one-month change annualized
date | Year-over-year change | Three-month change, annualized | One-month change, annualized |
---|---|---|---|
Jan-2019 | 3.2% | 3.3% | 1.8% |
Feb-2019 | 3.6% | 4.0% | 5.3% |
Mar-2019 | 3.5% | 3.7% | 4.0% |
Apr-2019 | 3.2% | 2.8% | -0.9% |
May-2019 | 3.3% | 2.2% | 3.5% |
Jun-2019 | 3.4% | 2.2% | 3.9% |
Jul-2019 | 3.4% | 3.5% | 3.0% |
Aug-2019 | 3.4% | 3.9% | 4.8% |
Sep-2019 | 3.1% | 3.2% | 1.7% |
Oct-2019 | 3.1% | 3.0% | 2.6% |
Nov-2019 | 3.3% | 3.2% | 5.2% |
Dec-2019 | 3.0% | 2.9% | 0.8% |
Jan-2020 | 3.1% | 3.0% | 3.0% |
Feb-2020 | 3.0% | 2.9% | 4.7% |
Mar-2020 | 3.5% | 5.8% | 9.6% |
Apr-2020 | 8.0% | 24.0% | 65.9% |
May-2020 | 6.7% | 17.4% | -11.0% |
Jun-2020 | 5.1% | 8.8% | -12.9% |
Jul-2020 | 4.9% | -8.1% | 0.0% |
Aug-2020 | 4.8% | -3.2% | 4.2% |
Sep-2020 | 4.8% | 1.8% | 1.2% |
Oct-2020 | 4.6% | 2.2% | 1.2% |
Nov-2020 | 4.5% | 2.1% | 3.7% |
Dec-2020 | 5.4% | 5.4% | 11.5% |
Jan-2021 | 5.2% | 5.4% | 1.2% |
Feb-2021 | 5.3% | 5.9% | 5.3% |
Mar-2021 | 4.5% | 2.2% | 0.0% |
Apr-2021 | 0.7% | 3.8% | 6.2% |
May-2021 | 2.3% | 4.5% | 7.4% |
Jun-2021 | 3.9% | 6.5% | 6.1% |
Jul-2021 | 4.3% | 6.0% | 4.4% |
Aug-2021 | 4.4% | 5.1% | 4.8% |
Sep-2021 | 4.9% | 5.5% | 7.3% |
Oct-2021 | 5.5% | 6.7% | 8.0% |
Nov-2021 | 5.4% | 6.3% | 3.5% |
Dec-2021 | 5.0% | 5.9% | 6.3% |
Jan-2022 | 5.7% | 6.3% | 9.2% |
Feb-2022 | 5.3% | 5.4% | 0.8% |
Mar-2022 | 5.9% | 5.7% | 7.4% |
Apr-2022 | 5.8% | 4.1% | 4.2% |
May-2022 | 5.6% | 5.5% | 5.0% |
Jun-2022 | 5.4% | 4.6% | 4.6% |
Jul-2022 | 5.5% | 4.8% | 5.0% |
Aug-2022 | 5.4% | 4.6% | 4.2% |
Sep-2022 | 5.1% | 4.3% | 3.8% |
Oct-2022 | 5.0% | 4.7% | 6.1% |
Nov-2022 | 5.1% | 4.9% | 4.9% |
Dec-2022 | 4.9% | 5.0% | 4.1% |
Jan-2023 | 4.6% | 4.6% | 4.8% |
Feb-2023 | 4.7% | 4.0% | 2.9% |
Mar-2023 | 4.6% | 4.6% | 5.9% |
Apr-2023 | 4.7% | 4.6% | 4.8% |
May-2023 | 4.6% | 4.8% | 3.6% |
Jun-2023 | 4.7% | 4.8% | 5.9% |
Jul-2023 | 4.7% | 4.9% | 5.1% |
Aug-2023 | 4.5% | 4.5% | 2.5% |
Sep-2023 | 4.5% | 3.7% | 3.6% |
Oct-2023 | 4.3% | 3.1% | 3.2% |
Nov-2023 | 4.3% | 3.8% | 4.7% |
Dec-2023 | 4.3% | 3.9% | 3.9% |
Jan-2024 | 4.4% | 4.9% | 6.1% |
Feb-2024 | 4.3% | 3.9% | 1.8% |
Mar-2024 | 4.1% | 4.1% | 4.6% |
Apr-2024 | 3.9% | 2.8% | 2.1% |
May-2024 | 4.0% | 3.8% | 4.6% |
Jun-2024 | 3.8% | 3.5% | 3.9% |
Jul-2024 | 3.6% | 3.7% | 2.8% |
Aug-2024 | 3.9% | 4.0% | 5.3% |
Sep-2024 | 3.9% | 3.9% | 3.8% |
Oct-2024 | 4.1% | 4.8% | 5.2% |
Nov-2024 | 4.2% | 4.4% | 4.5% |
Dec-2024 | 4.0% | 4.0% | 2.4% |
Jan-2025 | 3.9% | 4.0% | 5.2% |
Feb-2025 | 3.9% | 3.3% | 2.4% |
Mar-2025 | 3.9% | 3.9% | 4.1% |
Apr-2025 | 3.9% | 2.9% | 2.4% |
May-2025 | 3.9% | 3.8% | 5.1% |
Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Employment Statistics public data series
Year-over-year change in private-sector nominal average hourly earnings, 2007–2025
date | All nonfarm employees | Production/nonsupervisory workers |
---|---|---|
Mar-2007 | 3.4% | 4.1% |
Apr-2007 | 3.1% | 3.8% |
May-2007 | 3.5% | 4.1% |
Jun-2007 | 3.6% | 4.1% |
Jul-2007 | 3.2% | 4.1% |
Aug-2007 | 3.3% | 4.0% |
Sep-2007 | 3.1% | 4.0% |
Oct-2007 | 3.2% | 3.8% |
Nov-2007 | 3.1% | 3.8% |
Dec-2007 | 2.8% | 3.7% |
Jan-2008 | 2.9% | 3.8% |
Feb-2008 | 2.9% | 3.7% |
Mar-2008 | 3.0% | 3.8% |
Apr-2008 | 2.9% | 3.8% |
May-2008 | 3.0% | 3.7% |
Jun-2008 | 2.7% | 3.6% |
Jul-2008 | 3.2% | 3.7% |
Aug-2008 | 3.3% | 3.9% |
Sep-2008 | 3.3% | 3.7% |
Oct-2008 | 3.3% | 3.8% |
Nov-2008 | 3.5% | 3.9% |
Dec-2008 | 3.7% | 4.0% |
Jan-2009 | 3.6% | 3.7% |
Feb-2009 | 3.3% | 3.6% |
Mar-2009 | 3.3% | 3.5% |
Apr-2009 | 3.4% | 3.3% |
May-2009 | 3.0% | 3.1% |
Jun-2009 | 2.9% | 2.9% |
Jul-2009 | 2.6% | 2.7% |
Aug-2009 | 2.4% | 2.7% |
Sep-2009 | 2.5% | 2.7% |
Oct-2009 | 2.5% | 2.7% |
Nov-2009 | 2.2% | 2.7% |
Dec-2009 | 2.0% | 2.4% |
Jan-2010 | 2.0% | 2.7% |
Feb-2010 | 2.2% | 2.5% |
Mar-2010 | 1.9% | 2.3% |
Apr-2010 | 1.8% | 2.4% |
May-2010 | 1.8% | 2.6% |
Jun-2010 | 1.8% | 2.5% |
Jul-2010 | 1.8% | 2.4% |
Aug-2010 | 1.8% | 2.4% |
Sep-2010 | 1.8% | 2.2% |
Oct-2010 | 1.9% | 2.5% |
Nov-2010 | 1.8% | 2.2% |
Dec-2010 | 1.7% | 2.1% |
Jan-2011 | 2.1% | 2.4% |
Feb-2011 | 1.8% | 2.1% |
Mar-2011 | 1.8% | 2.0% |
Apr-2011 | 1.9% | 2.1% |
May-2011 | 2.0% | 2.1% |
Jun-2011 | 2.1% | 2.0% |
Jul-2011 | 2.3% | 2.3% |
Aug-2011 | 2.0% | 1.9% |
Sep-2011 | 1.9% | 2.0% |
Oct-2011 | 1.9% | 1.8% |
Nov-2011 | 2.0% | 1.8% |
Dec-2011 | 2.0% | 1.8% |
Jan-2012 | 1.7% | 1.3% |
Feb-2012 | 1.8% | 1.4% |
Mar-2012 | 2.1% | 1.8% |
Apr-2012 | 2.1% | 1.6% |
May-2012 | 1.9% | 1.4% |
Jun-2012 | 2.0% | 1.5% |
Jul-2012 | 1.6% | 1.4% |
Aug-2012 | 1.8% | 1.4% |
Sep-2012 | 2.0% | 1.5% |
Oct-2012 | 1.6% | 1.2% |
Nov-2012 | 1.9% | 1.5% |
Dec-2012 | 2.2% | 1.7% |
Jan-2013 | 2.1% | 1.8% |
Feb-2013 | 2.1% | 2.1% |
Mar-2013 | 1.9% | 1.9% |
Apr-2013 | 2.1% | 1.9% |
May-2013 | 2.1% | 1.8% |
Jun-2013 | 2.1% | 2.1% |
Jul-2013 | 2.1% | 2.0% |
Aug-2013 | 2.3% | 2.2% |
Sep-2013 | 2.1% | 2.2% |
Oct-2013 | 2.2% | 2.3% |
Nov-2013 | 2.2% | 2.3% |
Dec-2013 | 1.9% | 2.2% |
Jan-2014 | 2.0% | 2.3% |
Feb-2014 | 2.4% | 2.6% |
Mar-2014 | 2.1% | 2.4% |
Apr-2014 | 2.0% | 2.4% |
May-2014 | 2.1% | 2.4% |
Jun-2014 | 2.1% | 2.3% |
Jul-2014 | 2.1% | 2.3% |
Aug-2014 | 2.2% | 2.4% |
Sep-2014 | 2.0% | 2.1% |
Oct-2014 | 2.0% | 2.2% |
Nov-2014 | 2.1% | 2.3% |
Dec-2014 | 1.9% | 1.8% |
Jan-2015 | 2.1% | 2.0% |
Feb-2015 | 1.9% | 1.6% |
Mar-2015 | 2.2% | 2.0% |
Apr-2015 | 2.3% | 1.9% |
May-2015 | 2.3% | 2.2% |
Jun-2015 | 2.1% | 1.9% |
Jul-2015 | 2.2% | 2.0% |
Aug-2015 | 2.2% | 2.2% |
Sep-2015 | 2.3% | 2.1% |
Oct-2015 | 2.5% | 2.4% |
Nov-2015 | 2.4% | 2.1% |
Dec-2015 | 2.5% | 2.5% |
Jan-2016 | 2.5% | 2.5% |
Feb-2016 | 2.3% | 2.4% |
Mar-2016 | 2.4% | 2.3% |
Apr-2016 | 2.6% | 2.6% |
May-2016 | 2.4% | 2.3% |
Jun-2016 | 2.6% | 2.5% |
Jul-2016 | 2.7% | 2.6% |
Aug-2016 | 2.5% | 2.3% |
Sep-2016 | 2.6% | 2.5% |
Oct-2016 | 2.8% | 2.5% |
Nov-2016 | 2.6% | 2.4% |
Dec-2016 | 2.7% | 2.5% |
Jan-2017 | 2.5% | 2.4% |
Feb-2017 | 2.7% | 2.4% |
Mar-2017 | 2.6% | 2.3% |
Apr-2017 | 2.5% | 2.2% |
May-2017 | 2.5% | 2.3% |
Jun-2017 | 2.5% | 2.3% |
Jul-2017 | 2.6% | 2.3% |
Aug-2017 | 2.6% | 2.3% |
Sep-2017 | 2.8% | 2.6% |
Oct-2017 | 2.3% | 2.2% |
Nov-2017 | 2.5% | 2.3% |
Dec-2017 | 2.7% | 2.5% |
Jan-2018 | 2.8% | 2.5% |
Feb-2018 | 2.6% | 2.6% |
Mar-2018 | 2.8% | 2.8% |
Apr-2018 | 2.8% | 2.8% |
May-2018 | 2.9% | 2.9% |
Jun-2018 | 2.9% | 2.9% |
Jul-2018 | 2.8% | 2.9% |
Aug-2018 | 3.2% | 3.1% |
Sep-2018 | 3.1% | 3.1% |
Oct-2018 | 3.3% | 3.2% |
Nov-2018 | 3.4% | 3.5% |
Dec-2018 | 3.5% | 3.6% |
Jan-2019 | 3.3% | 3.4% |
Feb-2019 | 3.6% | 3.5% |
Mar-2019 | 3.4% | 3.6% |
Apr-2019 | 3.3% | 3.5% |
May-2019 | 3.3% | 3.5% |
Jun-2019 | 3.4% | 3.6% |
Jul-2019 | 3.4% | 3.7% |
Aug-2019 | 3.4% | 3.6% |
Sep-2019 | 3.1% | 3.6% |
Oct-2019 | 3.1% | 3.8% |
Nov-2019 | 3.3% | 3.6% |
Dec-2019 | 3.0% | 3.2% |
Jan-2020 | 3.0% | 3.4% |
Feb-2020 | 3.1% | 3.6% |
Mar-2020 | 3.5% | 3.6% |
Apr-2020 | 8.1% | 7.8% |
May-2020 | 6.6% | 6.8% |
Jun-2020 | 5.1% | 5.5% |
Jul-2020 | 4.9% | 4.9% |
Aug-2020 | 4.8% | 5.0% |
Sep-2020 | 4.8% | 4.8% |
Oct-2020 | 4.7% | 4.6% |
Nov-2020 | 4.6% | 4.7% |
Dec-2020 | 5.4% | 5.6% |
Jan-2021 | 5.2% | 5.3% |
Feb-2021 | 5.4% | 5.1% |
Mar-2021 | 4.5% | 5.1% |
Apr-2021 | 0.6% | 1.5% |
May-2021 | 2.3% | 2.8% |
Jun-2021 | 4.0% | 4.2% |
Jul-2021 | 4.3% | 5.1% |
Aug-2021 | 4.4% | 5.3% |
Sep-2021 | 4.9% | 6.0% |
Oct-2021 | 5.4% | 6.5% |
Nov-2021 | 5.4% | 6.5% |
Dec-2021 | 5.0% | 6.3% |
Jan-2022 | 5.7% | 6.9% |
Feb-2022 | 5.3% | 6.8% |
Mar-2022 | 5.9% | 7.0% |
Apr-2022 | 5.7% | 6.9% |
May-2022 | 5.6% | 6.7% |
Jun-2022 | 5.4% | 6.7% |
Jul-2022 | 5.5% | 6.5% |
Aug-2022 | 5.4% | 6.2% |
Sep-2022 | 5.1% | 5.9% |
Oct-2022 | 5.0% | 5.8% |
Nov-2022 | 5.1% | 5.9% |
Dec-2022 | 4.9% | 5.5% |
Jan-2023 | 4.5% | 5.2% |
Feb-2023 | 4.7% | 5.4% |
Mar-2023 | 4.6% | 5.4% |
Apr-2023 | 4.6% | 5.2% |
May-2023 | 4.4% | 5.0% |
Jun-2023 | 4.6% | 4.9% |
Jul-2023 | 4.6% | 4.9% |
Aug-2023 | 4.5% | 4.8% |
Sep-2023 | 4.4% | 4.7% |
Oct-2023 | 4.2% | 4.5% |
Nov-2023 | 4.1% | 4.5% |
Dec-2023 | 4.1% | 4.4% |
Jan-2024 | 4.3% | 4.6% |
Feb-2024 | 4.2% | 4.4% |
Mar-2024 | 4.2% | 4.2% |
Apr-2024 | 4.0% | 4.0% |
May-2024 | 4.1% | 4.1% |
Jun-2024 | 3.9% | 4.1% |
Jul-2024 | 3.6% | 4.0% |
Aug-2024 | 4.0% | 4.2% |
Sep-2024 | 3.9% | 4.2% |
Oct-2024 | 4.1% | 4.2% |
Nov-2024 | 4.2% | 4.1% |
Dec-2024 | 4.0% | 4.0% |
Jan-2025 | 3.9% | 4.0% |
Feb-2025 | 3.9% | 4.2% |
Mar-2025 | 3.9% | 3.9% |
Apr-2025 | 3.9% | 4.1% |
May-2025 | 3.9% | 4.0% |
Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Employment Statistics public data series.
Real wages rise as prices decelerate faster than nominal wage growth: Year-over-year changes in nominal wages, inflation, and real (inflation-adjusted) wages, 2019–2025
date | Nominal wage growth | Real wage growth | Inflation |
---|---|---|---|
2019-01-01 | 3.3% | 1.7% | 1.5% |
2019-02-01 | 3.6% | 2.0% | 1.5% |
2019-03-01 | 3.4% | 1.5% | 1.9% |
2019-04-01 | 3.3% | 1.3% | 2.0% |
2019-05-01 | 3.3% | 1.5% | 1.8% |
2019-06-01 | 3.4% | 1.7% | 1.7% |
2019-07-01 | 3.4% | 1.6% | 1.8% |
2019-08-01 | 3.4% | 1.7% | 1.7% |
2019-09-01 | 3.1% | 1.3% | 1.7% |
2019-10-01 | 3.1% | 1.3% | 1.7% |
2019-11-01 | 3.3% | 1.2% | 2.1% |
2019-12-01 | 3.0% | 0.7% | 2.3% |
2020-01-01 | 3.0% | 0.5% | 2.6% |
2020-02-01 | 3.1% | 0.7% | 2.3% |
2020-03-01 | 3.5% | 1.9% | 1.5% |
2020-04-01 | 8.1% | 7.6% | 0.3% |
2020-05-01 | 6.6% | 6.4% | 0.2% |
2020-06-01 | 5.1% | 4.3% | 0.7% |
2020-07-01 | 4.9% | 3.7% | 1.0% |
2020-08-01 | 4.8% | 3.3% | 1.3% |
2020-09-01 | 4.8% | 3.3% | 1.4% |
2020-10-01 | 4.7% | 3.4% | 1.2% |
2020-11-01 | 4.6% | 3.3% | 1.2% |
2020-12-01 | 5.4% | 3.9% | 1.3% |
2021-01-01 | 5.2% | 3.7% | 1.4% |
2021-02-01 | 5.4% | 3.5% | 1.7% |
2021-03-01 | 4.5% | 1.7% | 2.6% |
2021-04-01 | 0.6% | -3.5% | 4.1% |
2021-05-01 | 2.3% | -2.7% | 4.9% |
2021-06-01 | 4.0% | -1.5% | 5.3% |
2021-07-01 | 4.3% | -1.1% | 5.3% |
2021-08-01 | 4.4% | -0.9% | 5.2% |
2021-09-01 | 4.9% | -0.6% | 5.4% |
2021-10-01 | 5.4% | -0.9% | 6.2% |
2021-11-01 | 5.4% | -1.4% | 6.9% |
2021-12-01 | 5.0% | -2.0% | 7.2% |
2022-01-01 | 5.7% | -1.8% | 7.6% |
2022-02-01 | 5.3% | -2.5% | 7.9% |
2022-03-01 | 5.9% | -2.5% | 8.5% |
2022-04-01 | 5.7% | -2.5% | 8.2% |
2022-05-01 | 5.6% | -2.8% | 8.5% |
2022-06-01 | 5.4% | -3.4% | 9.0% |
2022-07-01 | 5.5% | -2.8% | 8.4% |
2022-08-01 | 5.4% | -2.7% | 8.2% |
2022-09-01 | 5.1% | -2.9% | 8.2% |
2022-10-01 | 5.0% | -2.6% | 7.8% |
2022-11-01 | 5.1% | -2.0% | 7.1% |
2022-12-01 | 4.9% | -1.5% | 6.4% |
2023-01-01 | 4.5% | -1.8% | 6.3% |
2023-02-01 | 4.7% | -1.3% | 6.0% |
2023-03-01 | 4.6% | -0.4% | 4.9% |
2023-04-01 | 4.6% | -0.3% | 4.9% |
2023-05-01 | 4.4% | 0.4% | 4.1% |
2023-06-01 | 4.6% | 1.6% | 3.1% |
2023-07-01 | 4.6% | 1.4% | 3.3% |
2023-08-01 | 4.5% | 0.8% | 3.7% |
2023-09-01 | 4.4% | 0.7% | 3.7% |
2023-10-01 | 4.2% | 0.9% | 3.2% |
2023-11-01 | 4.1% | 1.0% | 3.1% |
2023-12-01 | 4.1% | 0.7% | 3.3% |
2024-01-01 | 4.3% | 1.1% | 3.1% |
2024-02-01 | 4.2% | 1.0% | 3.2% |
2024-03-01 | 4.2% | 0.7% | 3.5% |
2024-04-01 | 4.0% | 0.6% | 3.4% |
2024-05-01 | 4.1% | 0.8% | 3.2% |
2024-06-01 | 3.9% | 0.9% | 3.0% |
2024-07-01 | 3.6% | 0.7% | 2.9% |
2024-08-01 | 4.0% | 1.4% | 2.6% |
2024-09-01 | 3.9% | 1.5% | 2.4% |
2024-10-01 | 4.1% | 1.5% | 2.6% |
2024-11-01 | 4.2% | 1.3% | 2.7% |
2024-12-01 | 4.0% | 1.1% | 2.9% |
2025-01-01 | 3.9% | 0.9% | 3.0% |
2025-02-01 | 3.9% | 1.1% | 2.8% |
2025-03-01 | 3.9% | 1.4% | 2.4% |
2025-04-01 | 3.9% | 1.4% | 2.3% |
2025-05-01 | 3.9% |
Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Employment Statistics and Consumer Price Index public data series (CPI-U).
Current Population Survey Charts
The Current Population Survey (CPS), also known as the household survey, is sponsored jointly by the Census Bureau and the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Each month, it provides data on the labor force, employment, unemployment, persons not in the labor force, hours of work, earnings, and other demographic and labor force characteristics.
Employment-to-population ratio, ages 25–54, 1989–2025
date | Employment to population ratio |
---|---|
Jan-1989 | 80.0% |
Feb-1989 | 79.9% |
Mar-1989 | 79.9% |
Apr-1989 | 79.8% |
May-1989 | 79.8% |
Jun-1989 | 79.8% |
Jul-1989 | 79.8% |
Aug-1989 | 79.9% |
Sep-1989 | 80.0% |
Oct-1989 | 79.9% |
Nov-1989 | 80.2% |
Dec-1989 | 80.1% |
Jan-1990 | 80.2% |
Feb-1990 | 80.2% |
Mar-1990 | 80.1% |
Apr-1990 | 79.9% |
May-1990 | 79.9% |
Jun-1990 | 79.8% |
Jul-1990 | 79.6% |
Aug-1990 | 79.5% |
Sep-1990 | 79.4% |
Oct-1990 | 79.4% |
Nov-1990 | 79.2% |
Dec-1990 | 79.0% |
Jan-1991 | 78.9% |
Feb-1991 | 78.9% |
Mar-1991 | 78.7% |
Apr-1991 | 79.0% |
May-1991 | 78.6% |
Jun-1991 | 78.7% |
Jul-1991 | 78.6% |
Aug-1991 | 78.5% |
Sep-1991 | 78.6% |
Oct-1991 | 78.5% |
Nov-1991 | 78.4% |
Dec-1991 | 78.3% |
Jan-1992 | 78.4% |
Feb-1992 | 78.2% |
Mar-1992 | 78.2% |
Apr-1992 | 78.4% |
May-1992 | 78.4% |
Jun-1992 | 78.5% |
Jul-1992 | 78.4% |
Aug-1992 | 78.4% |
Sep-1992 | 78.3% |
Oct-1992 | 78.2% |
Nov-1992 | 78.2% |
Dec-1992 | 78.2% |
Jan-1993 | 78.2% |
Feb-1993 | 78.1% |
Mar-1993 | 78.2% |
Apr-1993 | 78.2% |
May-1993 | 78.5% |
Jun-1993 | 78.6% |
Jul-1993 | 78.6% |
Aug-1993 | 78.8% |
Sep-1993 | 78.6% |
Oct-1993 | 78.7% |
Nov-1993 | 79.0% |
Dec-1993 | 79.0% |
Jan-1994 | 78.9% |
Feb-1994 | 78.9% |
Mar-1994 | 78.9% |
Apr-1994 | 79.0% |
May-1994 | 79.2% |
Jun-1994 | 78.8% |
Jul-1994 | 79.1% |
Aug-1994 | 79.2% |
Sep-1994 | 79.6% |
Oct-1994 | 79.6% |
Nov-1994 | 79.8% |
Dec-1994 | 79.8% |
Jan-1995 | 79.7% |
Feb-1995 | 80.0% |
Mar-1995 | 79.9% |
Apr-1995 | 79.8% |
May-1995 | 79.7% |
Jun-1995 | 79.5% |
Jul-1995 | 79.7% |
Aug-1995 | 79.6% |
Sep-1995 | 79.8% |
Oct-1995 | 79.8% |
Nov-1995 | 79.7% |
Dec-1995 | 79.7% |
Jan-1996 | 79.8% |
Feb-1996 | 79.9% |
Mar-1996 | 79.9% |
Apr-1996 | 79.9% |
May-1996 | 80.0% |
Jun-1996 | 80.1% |
Jul-1996 | 80.4% |
Aug-1996 | 80.5% |
Sep-1996 | 80.4% |
Oct-1996 | 80.6% |
Nov-1996 | 80.5% |
Dec-1996 | 80.5% |
Jan-1997 | 80.5% |
Feb-1997 | 80.4% |
Mar-1997 | 80.6% |
Apr-1997 | 80.7% |
May-1997 | 80.6% |
Jun-1997 | 80.9% |
Jul-1997 | 81.1% |
Aug-1997 | 81.3% |
Sep-1997 | 81.1% |
Oct-1997 | 81.1% |
Nov-1997 | 81.0% |
Dec-1997 | 81.0% |
Jan-1998 | 81.0% |
Feb-1998 | 81.0% |
Mar-1998 | 81.0% |
Apr-1998 | 81.1% |
May-1998 | 81.0% |
Jun-1998 | 81.0% |
Jul-1998 | 81.1% |
Aug-1998 | 81.2% |
Sep-1998 | 81.3% |
Oct-1998 | 81.1% |
Nov-1998 | 81.2% |
Dec-1998 | 81.3% |
Jan-1999 | 81.8% |
Feb-1999 | 81.5% |
Mar-1999 | 81.3% |
Apr-1999 | 81.3% |
May-1999 | 81.4% |
Jun-1999 | 81.4% |
Jul-1999 | 81.2% |
Aug-1999 | 81.3% |
Sep-1999 | 81.3% |
Oct-1999 | 81.5% |
Nov-1999 | 81.6% |
Dec-1999 | 81.5% |
Jan-2000 | 81.8% |
Feb-2000 | 81.8% |
Mar-2000 | 81.7% |
Apr-2000 | 81.9% |
May-2000 | 81.5% |
Jun-2000 | 81.5% |
Jul-2000 | 81.3% |
Aug-2000 | 81.1% |
Sep-2000 | 81.1% |
Oct-2000 | 81.1% |
Nov-2000 | 81.3% |
Dec-2000 | 81.4% |
Jan-2001 | 81.4% |
Feb-2001 | 81.3% |
Mar-2001 | 81.3% |
Apr-2001 | 80.9% |
May-2001 | 80.8% |
Jun-2001 | 80.6% |
Jul-2001 | 80.5% |
Aug-2001 | 80.2% |
Sep-2001 | 80.2% |
Oct-2001 | 79.9% |
Nov-2001 | 79.7% |
Dec-2001 | 79.8% |
Jan-2002 | 79.6% |
Feb-2002 | 79.8% |
Mar-2002 | 79.6% |
Apr-2002 | 79.5% |
May-2002 | 79.4% |
Jun-2002 | 79.2% |
Jul-2002 | 79.1% |
Aug-2002 | 79.3% |
Sep-2002 | 79.4% |
Oct-2002 | 79.2% |
Nov-2002 | 78.8% |
Dec-2002 | 79.0% |
Jan-2003 | 78.9% |
Feb-2003 | 78.9% |
Mar-2003 | 79.0% |
Apr-2003 | 79.1% |
May-2003 | 78.9% |
Jun-2003 | 78.9% |
Jul-2003 | 78.8% |
Aug-2003 | 78.7% |
Sep-2003 | 78.6% |
Oct-2003 | 78.6% |
Nov-2003 | 78.7% |
Dec-2003 | 78.8% |
Jan-2004 | 78.9% |
Feb-2004 | 78.8% |
Mar-2004 | 78.7% |
Apr-2004 | 78.9% |
May-2004 | 79.0% |
Jun-2004 | 79.1% |
Jul-2004 | 79.2% |
Aug-2004 | 79.0% |
Sep-2004 | 79.0% |
Oct-2004 | 79.0% |
Nov-2004 | 79.1% |
Dec-2004 | 78.9% |
Jan-2005 | 79.2% |
Feb-2005 | 79.2% |
Mar-2005 | 79.2% |
Apr-2005 | 79.4% |
May-2005 | 79.5% |
Jun-2005 | 79.2% |
Jul-2005 | 79.4% |
Aug-2005 | 79.6% |
Sep-2005 | 79.4% |
Oct-2005 | 79.3% |
Nov-2005 | 79.2% |
Dec-2005 | 79.3% |
Jan-2006 | 79.6% |
Feb-2006 | 79.7% |
Mar-2006 | 79.8% |
Apr-2006 | 79.6% |
May-2006 | 79.7% |
Jun-2006 | 79.8% |
Jul-2006 | 79.8% |
Aug-2006 | 79.8% |
Sep-2006 | 79.9% |
Oct-2006 | 80.1% |
Nov-2006 | 80.0% |
Dec-2006 | 80.1% |
Jan-2007 | 80.3% |
Feb-2007 | 80.1% |
Mar-2007 | 80.2% |
Apr-2007 | 80.0% |
May-2007 | 80.0% |
Jun-2007 | 79.9% |
Jul-2007 | 79.8% |
Aug-2007 | 79.8% |
Sep-2007 | 79.7% |
Oct-2007 | 79.6% |
Nov-2007 | 79.7% |
Dec-2007 | 79.7% |
Jan-2008 | 80.0% |
Feb-2008 | 79.9% |
Mar-2008 | 79.8% |
Apr-2008 | 79.6% |
May-2008 | 79.5% |
Jun-2008 | 79.4% |
Jul-2008 | 79.2% |
Aug-2008 | 78.8% |
Sep-2008 | 78.8% |
Oct-2008 | 78.4% |
Nov-2008 | 78.1% |
Dec-2008 | 77.6% |
Jan-2009 | 77.0% |
Feb-2009 | 76.7% |
Mar-2009 | 76.2% |
Apr-2009 | 76.2% |
May-2009 | 75.9% |
Jun-2009 | 75.9% |
Jul-2009 | 75.8% |
Aug-2009 | 75.6% |
Sep-2009 | 75.1% |
Oct-2009 | 75.0% |
Nov-2009 | 75.2% |
Dec-2009 | 74.8% |
Jan-2010 | 75.1% |
Feb-2010 | 75.1% |
Mar-2010 | 75.1% |
Apr-2010 | 75.4% |
May-2010 | 75.1% |
Jun-2010 | 75.2% |
Jul-2010 | 75.1% |
Aug-2010 | 75.0% |
Sep-2010 | 75.1% |
Oct-2010 | 75.0% |
Nov-2010 | 74.8% |
Dec-2010 | 75.0% |
Jan-2011 | 75.2% |
Feb-2011 | 75.1% |
Mar-2011 | 75.3% |
Apr-2011 | 75.1% |
May-2011 | 75.2% |
Jun-2011 | 75.0% |
Jul-2011 | 75.0% |
Aug-2011 | 75.1% |
Sep-2011 | 74.9% |
Oct-2011 | 74.9% |
Nov-2011 | 75.3% |
Dec-2011 | 75.4% |
Jan-2012 | 75.5% |
Feb-2012 | 75.5% |
Mar-2012 | 75.7% |
Apr-2012 | 75.7% |
May-2012 | 75.7% |
Jun-2012 | 75.6% |
Jul-2012 | 75.6% |
Aug-2012 | 75.7% |
Sep-2012 | 76.0% |
Oct-2012 | 76.1% |
Nov-2012 | 75.8% |
Dec-2012 | 76.0% |
Jan-2013 | 75.6% |
Feb-2013 | 75.8% |
Mar-2013 | 75.8% |
Apr-2013 | 75.8% |
May-2013 | 76.0% |
Jun-2013 | 75.9% |
Jul-2013 | 76.0% |
Aug-2013 | 76.0% |
Sep-2013 | 76.0% |
Oct-2013 | 75.6% |
Nov-2013 | 76.1% |
Dec-2013 | 76.1% |
Jan-2014 | 76.4% |
Feb-2014 | 76.4% |
Mar-2014 | 76.5% |
Apr-2014 | 76.5% |
May-2014 | 76.4% |
Jun-2014 | 76.9% |
Jul-2014 | 76.7% |
Aug-2014 | 76.9% |
Sep-2014 | 76.8% |
Oct-2014 | 76.9% |
Nov-2014 | 76.9% |
Dec-2014 | 77.1% |
Jan-2015 | 77.1% |
Feb-2015 | 77.2% |
Mar-2015 | 77.1% |
Apr-2015 | 77.2% |
May-2015 | 77.2% |
Jun-2015 | 77.4% |
Jul-2015 | 77.1% |
Aug-2015 | 77.3% |
Sep-2015 | 77.2% |
Oct-2015 | 77.2% |
Nov-2015 | 77.4% |
Dec-2015 | 77.4% |
Jan-2016 | 77.7% |
Feb-2016 | 77.8% |
Mar-2016 | 77.9% |
Apr-2016 | 77.8% |
May-2016 | 77.9% |
Jun-2016 | 77.9% |
Jul-2016 | 78.0% |
Aug-2016 | 77.9% |
Sep-2016 | 78.0% |
Oct-2016 | 78.1% |
Nov-2016 | 78.1% |
Dec-2016 | 78.1% |
Jan-2017 | 78.2% |
Feb-2017 | 78.3% |
Mar-2017 | 78.5% |
Apr-2017 | 78.6% |
May-2017 | 78.5% |
Jun-2017 | 78.6% |
Jul-2017 | 78.8% |
Aug-2017 | 78.4% |
Sep-2017 | 79.0% |
Oct-2017 | 78.7% |
Nov-2017 | 78.9% |
Dec-2017 | 79.0% |
Jan-2018 | 78.9% |
Feb-2018 | 79.3% |
Mar-2018 | 79.2% |
Apr-2018 | 79.2% |
May-2018 | 79.3% |
Jun-2018 | 79.4% |
Jul-2018 | 79.6% |
Aug-2018 | 79.3% |
Sep-2018 | 79.4% |
Oct-2018 | 79.6% |
Nov-2018 | 79.6% |
Dec-2018 | 79.5% |
Jan-2019 | 79.8% |
Feb-2019 | 79.9% |
Mar-2019 | 79.8% |
Apr-2019 | 79.7% |
May-2019 | 79.7% |
Jun-2019 | 79.7% |
Jul-2019 | 79.6% |
Aug-2019 | 80.0% |
Sep-2019 | 80.2% |
Oct-2019 | 80.3% |
Nov-2019 | 80.3% |
Dec-2019 | 80.4% |
Jan-2020 | 80.6% |
Feb-2020 | 80.4% |
Mar-2020 | 79.4% |
Apr-2020 | 69.6% |
May-2020 | 71.4% |
Jun-2020 | 73.5% |
Jul-2020 | 73.8% |
Aug-2020 | 75.2% |
Sep-2020 | 75.1% |
Oct-2020 | 76.1% |
Nov-2020 | 76.1% |
Dec-2020 | 76.4% |
Jan-2021 | 76.4% |
Feb-2021 | 76.6% |
Mar-2021 | 76.8% |
Apr-2021 | 76.9% |
May-2021 | 77.1% |
Jun-2021 | 77.1% |
Jul-2021 | 77.8% |
Aug-2021 | 77.9% |
Sep-2021 | 78.0% |
Oct-2021 | 78.4% |
Nov-2021 | 79.0% |
Dec-2021 | 79.2% |
Jan-2022 | 79.2% |
Feb-2022 | 79.5% |
Mar-2022 | 80.0% |
Apr-2022 | 79.9% |
May-2022 | 80.0% |
Jun-2022 | 79.8% |
Jul-2022 | 79.9% |
Aug-2022 | 80.2% |
Sep-2022 | 80.2% |
Oct-2022 | 79.9% |
Nov-2022 | 79.8% |
Dec-2022 | 80.2% |
Jan-2023 | 80.3% |
Feb-2023 | 80.5% |
Mar-2023 | 80.7% |
Apr-2023 | 80.7% |
May-2023 | 80.7% |
Jun-2023 | 80.9% |
Jul-2023 | 80.9% |
Aug-2023 | 80.8% |
Sep-2023 | 80.8% |
Oct-2023 | 80.6% |
Nov-2023 | 80.7% |
Dec-2023 | 80.5% |
Jan-2024 | 80.6% |
Feb-2024 | 80.7% |
Mar-2024 | 80.7% |
Apr-2024 | 80.8% |
May-2024 | 80.8% |
Jun-2024 | 80.7% |
Jul-2024 | 80.9% |
Aug-2024 | 80.9% |
Sep-2024 | 80.9% |
Oct-2024 | 80.6% |
Nov-2024 | 80.4% |
Dec-2024 | 80.5% |
Jan-2025 | 80.7% |
Feb-2025 | 80.5% |
Mar-2025 | 80.4% |
Apr-2025 | 80.7% |
May-2025 | 80.5% |
Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Current Population Survey public data.
Unemployment rate by race and ethnicity, January 2020–May 2025
Date | White | Black | Hispanic | AAPI |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan-2020 | 3.1% | 6.4% | 4.3% | 3.0% |
Feb-2020 | 3% | 6.1% | 4.4% | 2.5% |
Mar-2020 | 3.9% | 7.0% | 6.1% | 4.2% |
Apr-2020 | 14.2% | 16.9% | 18.9% | 14.5% |
May-2020 | 12.3% | 16.8% | 17.6% | 15% |
Jun-2020 | 10.0% | 15.3% | 14.5% | 13.6% |
Jul-2020 | 9.2% | 14.3% | 12.8% | 12.0% |
Aug-2020 | 7.3% | 12.8% | 10.4% | 10.5% |
Sep-2020 | 7.0% | 12.0% | 10.2% | 8.9% |
Oct-2020 | 6.0% | 10.9% | 8.8% | 7.5% |
Nov-2020 | 6.0% | 10.3% | 8.5% | 6.7% |
Dec-2020 | 6.1% | 10.0% | 9.3% | 6.0% |
Jan-2021 | 5.7% | 9.4% | 8.5% | 6.7% |
Feb-2021 | 5.6% | 9.9% | 8.5% | 5.1% |
Mar-2021 | 5.4% | 9.7% | 8.0% | 6.0% |
Apr-2021 | 5.3% | 10.2% | 7.9% | 5.8% |
May-2021 | 5.1% | 9.0% | 7.2% | 5.7% |
Jun-2021 | 5.2% | 9.1% | 7.3% | 5.5% |
Jul-2021 | 4.8% | 8.1% | 6.4% | 5.3% |
Aug-2021 | 4.5% | 8.6% | 6.0% | 4.4% |
Sep-2021 | 4.2% | 7.7% | 6.2% | 4.1% |
Oct-2021 | 3.9% | 7.6% | 5.7% | 4.1% |
Nov-2021 | 3.7% | 6.4% | 5.0% | 3.8% |
Dec-2021 | 3.3% | 7.0% | 4.6% | 3.8% |
Jan-2022 | 3.4% | 7.0% | 4.7% | 3.6% |
Feb-2022 | 3.3% | 6.7% | 4.4% | 2.9% |
Mar-2022 | 3.2% | 6.3% | 4.2% | 2.8% |
Apr-2022 | 3.3% | 6.1% | 4.2% | 3.1% |
May-2022 | 3.2% | 6.2% | 4.4% | 2.5% |
Jun-2022 | 3.3% | 5.8% | 4.3% | 2.9% |
Jul-2022 | 3.1% | 5.9% | 4.0% | 2.7% |
Aug-2022 | 3.1% | 6.4% | 4.5% | 2.7% |
Sep-2022 | 3.0% | 5.8% | 3.9% | 2.4% |
Oct-2022 | 3.2% | 5.8% | 4.2% | 2.9% |
Nov-2022 | 3.3% | 5.6% | 4.0% | 2.6% |
Dec-2022 | 3.1% | 5.7% | 4.2% | 2.5% |
Jan-2023 | 3.1% | 5.4% | 4.6% | 2.9% |
Feb-2023 | 3.2% | 5.8% | 5.5% | 3.4% |
Mar-2023 | 3.3% | 5.0% | 4.7% | 2.9% |
Apr-2023 | 3.1% | 4.8% | 4.4% | 2.9% |
May-2023 | 3.3% | 5.7% | 4.0% | 3.0% |
Jun-2023 | 3.1% | 6.0% | 4.3% | 3.1% |
Jul-2023 | 3.1% | 5.7% | 4.4% | 2.3% |
Aug-2023 | 3.4% | 5.3% | 4.8% | 3.1% |
Sept-2023 | 3.4% | 5.7% | 4.6% | 2.8% |
Oct-2023 | 3.5% | 5.9% | 4.8% | 3.1% |
Nov-2023 | 3.3% | 5.8% | 4.5% | 3.5% |
Dec-2023 | 3.5% | 5.2% | 5.0% | 3.1% |
Jan-2024 | 3.4% | 5.3% | 5.0% | 2.9% |
Feb-2024 | 3.4% | 5.6% | 5.1% | 3.4% |
Mar-2024 | 3.4% | 6.4% | 4.5% | 2.6% |
Apr-2024 | 3.5% | 5.6% | 4.8% | 2.9% |
May-2024 | 3.5% | 6.1% | 5.0% | 3.1% |
Jun-2024 | 3.5% | 6.3% | 4.9% | 4.1% |
Jul-2024 | 3.8% | 6.3% | 5.3% | 3.7% |
Aug-2024 | 3.8% | 6.1% | 5.4% | 4.1% |
Sept-2024 | 3.7% | 5.7% | 5.1% | 4.1% |
Oct-2024 | 3.8% | 5.7% | 5.1% | 3.9% |
Nov-2024 | 3.8% | 6.4% | 5.3% | 3.8% |
Dec-2024 | 3.6% | 6.1% | 5.1% | 3.5% |
Jan-2025 | 3.5% | 6.2% | 4.8% | 3.7% |
Feb-2025 | 3.8% | 6.0% | 5.2% | 3.2% |
Mar-2025 | 3.7% | 6.2% | 5.1% | 3.5% |
Apr-2025 | 3.8% | 6.3% | 5.2% | 3.0% |
May-2025 | 3.8% | 6.0% | 5.1% | 3.6% |
Note: AAPI refers to Asian American and Pacific Islander. Racial and ethnic categories are not mutually exclusive; white and Black data do not exclude Latinx workers of each race.
Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Current Population Survey public data.
Employment-to-population ratio by race and ethnicity, January 2020–May 2025
date | White | Black | Hispanic |
---|---|---|---|
Jan-2020 | 61.3% | 58.8% | 65% |
Feb-2020 | 61.3% | 59.2% | 64.8% |
Mar-2020 | 60.1% | 57.4% | 63.0% |
Apr-2020 | 51.7% | 48.6% | 51.1% |
May-2020 | 53.5% | 49.5% | 52.9% |
Jun-2020 | 55.5% | 50.9% | 55.7% |
Jul-2020 | 55.8% | 51.6% | 56.6% |
Aug-2020 | 57.2% | 52.6% | 58.3% |
Sep-2020 | 57.3% | 52.7% | 58.4% |
Oct-2020 | 58.1% | 53.8% | 59.9% |
Nov-2020 | 57.9% | 54.2% | 60.0% |
Dec-2020 | 57.8% | 54.0% | 59.4% |
Jan-2021 | 57.8% | 54.6% | 59.4% |
Feb-2021 | 58.0% | 54.0% | 59.9% |
Mar-2021 | 58.1% | 54.7% | 60.2% |
Apr-2021 | 58.2% | 55.0% | 60.1% |
May-2021 | 58.3% | 55.3% | 60.3% |
Jun-2021 | 58.2% | 56.0% | 60.5% |
Jul-2021 | 58.6% | 55.9% | 61.5% |
Aug-2021 | 58.7% | 56.3% | 61.5% |
Sep-2021 | 58.9% | 56.7% | 61.6% |
Oct-2021 | 59.1% | 56.5% | 62.1% |
Nov-2021 | 59.4% | 56.9% | 63.1% |
Dec-2021 | 59.7% | 56.6% | 62.9% |
Jan-2022 | 59.9% | 57.6% | 63.2% |
Feb-2022 | 60.1% | 57.9% | 63.7% |
Mar-2022 | 60.2% | 58.0% | 63.6% |
Apr-2022 | 59.9% | 58.4% | 63.3% |
May-2022 | 59.9% | 59.0% | 63.4% |
Jun-2022 | 59.9% | 58.6% | 63.5% |
Jul-2022 | 59.9% | 58.4% | 63.1% |
Aug-2022 | 60.1% | 58.0% | 63.8% |
Sep-2022 | 60.1% | 58.6% | 63.6% |
Oct-2022 | 60.0% | 58.5% | 63.5% |
Nov-2022 | 59.8% | 58.9% | 63.2% |
Dec-2022 | 60.2% | 58.9% | 63.6% |
Jan-2023 | 60.2% | 59.5% | 63.3% |
Feb-2023 | 60.2% | 59.7% | 63.3% |
Mar-2023 | 60.1% | 60.8% | 63.7% |
Apr-2023 | 60.3% | 59.9% | 63.8% |
May-2023 | 60.3% | 59.6% | 64.1% |
Jun-2023 | 60.4% | 58.9% | 64.4% |
Jul-2023 | 60.3% | 59.2% | 64.4% |
Aug-2023 | 60.4% | 59.4% | 63.9% |
Sep-2023 | 60.2% | 59.4% | 64.2% |
Oct-2023 | 60.1% | 59.3% | 63.8% |
Nov-2023 | 60.3% | 60.0% | 64.0% |
Dec-2023 | 59.9% | 60.1% | 63.4% |
Jan-2024 | 60.0% | 60.0% | 63.5% |
Feb-2024 | 60.0% | 60.1% | 63.7% |
Mar-2024 | 60.2% | 59.4% | 63.8% |
Apr-2024 | 60.2% | 59.6% | 64.1% |
May-2024 | 60.0% | 59.1% | 63.9% |
Jun-2024 | 60.0% | 58.8% | 64.2% |
Jul-2024 | 60.0% | 59.2% | 63.7% |
Aug-2024 | 60.0% | 58.9% | 64.1% |
Sep-2024 | 60.1% | 59.2% | 63.9% |
Oct-2024 | 59.8% | 59.3% | 63.5% |
Nov-2024 | 59.8% | 58.5% | 63.4% |
Dec-2024 | 59.9% | 58.6% | 64.1% |
Jan-2025 | 60.1% | 58.6% | 63.6% |
Feb-2025 | 59.7% | 58.9% | 63.4% |
Mar-2025 | 59.8% | 58.4% | 63.8% |
Apr-2025 | 59.9% | 58.2% | 63.8% |
May-2025 | 59.6% | 58.3% | 63.7% |
Note: Racial and ethnic categories are not mutually exclusive; white and Black data do not exclude Latinx workers of each race. Data are for those 16 and older.
Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Current Population Survey public data.
A more comprehensive look at unemployment rates: Unemployment rates for select workers by race/ethnicity and gender, February 2020, April 2020, April 2025, and May 2025
characteristic | February 2020 | April 2020 | April 2025 | May 2025 |
---|---|---|---|---|
White men | 2.9% | 12.3% | 3.7% | 3.6% |
White women | 2.7% | 15.0% | 3.3% | 3.3% |
Black men | 6.2% | 16.5% | 5.6% | 5.2% |
Black women | 5.0% | 16.4% | 6.1% | 6.2% |
Latinx men | 3.3% | 16.6% | 5.0% | 4.5% |
Latinx women | 4.8% | 20.3% | 4.6% | 5.0% |
Notes: Data are for workers ages 20 and older. Racial and ethnic categories are not mutually exclusive; white and Black data do not exclude Latinx workers of each race. Unemployment levels are labeled for February, November, and the peak in between.
A more comprehensive look at employment: Employment-to-population ratios for select workers by race/ethnicity and gender, February 2020, April 2020, April 2025, and May 2025
characteristic | February 2020 | April 2020 | April 2025 | May 2025 |
---|---|---|---|---|
White men | 69.6% | 60.5% | 67.2% | 67.1% |
White women | 56.6% | 47.1% | 56.1% | 55.7% |
Black men | 63.4% | 53.0% | 65.3% | 64.9% |
Black women | 60.7% | 49.4% | 57.5% | 57.8% |
Latinx men | 78.2% | 64.3% | 75.4% | 75.7% |
Latinx women | 58.8% | 44.7% | 59.6% | 59.1% |
Notes: Data are for workers ages 20 and older. Racial and ethnic categories are not mutually exclusive; white and Black data do not exclude Latinx workers of each race. Employment to population levels are labeled for February, April, and the trough in between.
Unemployment rate for young workers, 16–24 years old, and workers 25+, 1979–2025
Ages 16–24 | Ages 25+ | |
---|---|---|
1979-01-01 | 11.6% | 4.0% |
1979-02-01 | 11.7% | 4.0% |
1979-03-01 | 11.6% | 4.0% |
1979-04-01 | 11.6% | 4.0% |
1979-05-01 | 11.6% | 3.7% |
1979-06-01 | 11.5% | 3.8% |
1979-07-01 | 11.6% | 3.8% |
1979-08-01 | 12.2% | 4.1% |
1979-09-01 | 12.1% | 3.9% |
1979-10-01 | 12.1% | 4.0% |
1979-11-01 | 11.6% | 4.1% |
1979-12-01 | 12.4% | 3.9% |
1980-01-01 | 12.6% | 4.3% |
1980-02-01 | 12.5% | 4.3% |
1980-03-01 | 12.3% | 4.5% |
1980-04-01 | 13.1% | 5.0% |
1980-05-01 | 14.7% | 5.2% |
1980-06-01 | 14.7% | 5.4% |
1980-07-01 | 14.9% | 5.6% |
1980-08-01 | 14.7% | 5.6% |
1980-09-01 | 14.3% | 5.4% |
1980-10-01 | 14.5% | 5.4% |
1980-11-01 | 14.4% | 5.3% |
1980-12-01 | 13.7% | 5.2% |
1981-01-01 | 14.5% | 5.3% |
1981-02-01 | 14.6% | 5.3% |
1981-03-01 | 14.5% | 5.2% |
1981-04-01 | 14.5% | 5.0% |
1981-05-01 | 15.1% | 5.2% |
1981-06-01 | 14.9% | 5.3% |
1981-07-01 | 14.1% | 5.2% |
1981-08-01 | 14.5% | 5.2% |
1981-09-01 | 14.9% | 5.4% |
1981-10-01 | 15.3% | 5.7% |
1981-11-01 | 15.9% | 6.0% |
1981-12-01 | 16.1% | 6.3% |
1982-01-01 | 16.5% | 6.3% |
1982-02-01 | 17.0% | 6.5% |
1982-03-01 | 16.9% | 6.8% |
1982-04-01 | 17.4% | 7.0% |
1982-05-01 | 17.3% | 7.1% |
1982-06-01 | 17.5% | 7.3% |
1982-07-01 | 18.0% | 7.5% |
1982-08-01 | 18.1% | 7.4% |
1982-09-01 | 18.2% | 7.9% |
1982-10-01 | 18.5% | 8.1% |
1982-11-01 | 19.0% | 8.4% |
1982-12-01 | 18.9% | 8.6% |
1983-01-01 | 18.5% | 8.1% |
1983-02-01 | 18.4% | 8.2% |
1983-03-01 | 18.2% | 8.1% |
1983-04-01 | 18.0% | 8.0% |
1983-05-01 | 17.7% | 8.0% |
1983-06-01 | 17.8% | 7.9% |
1983-07-01 | 16.8% | 7.3% |
1983-08-01 | 17.3% | 7.3% |
1983-09-01 | 16.4% | 7.2% |
1983-10-01 | 16.2% | 6.8% |
1983-11-01 | 15.4% | 6.6% |
1983-12-01 | 14.9% | 6.6% |
1984-01-01 | 14.8% | 6.2% |
1984-02-01 | 14.3% | 6.1% |
1984-03-01 | 14.4% | 5.9% |
1984-04-01 | 14.5% | 6.0% |
1984-05-01 | 13.6% | 5.7% |
1984-06-01 | 13.2% | 5.6% |
1984-07-01 | 13.7% | 5.8% |
1984-08-01 | 14.1% | 5.7% |
1984-09-01 | 14.0% | 5.6% |
1984-10-01 | 13.6% | 5.7% |
1984-11-01 | 13.2% | 5.6% |
1984-12-01 | 13.7% | 5.6% |
1985-01-01 | 13.6% | 5.7% |
1985-02-01 | 13.6% | 5.6% |
1985-03-01 | 13.6% | 5.6% |
1985-04-01 | 13.2% | 5.8% |
1985-05-01 | 13.6% | 5.5% |
1985-06-01 | 13.5% | 5.8% |
1985-07-01 | 14.2% | 5.6% |
1985-08-01 | 13.3% | 5.6% |
1985-09-01 | 13.3% | 5.6% |
1985-10-01 | 14.1% | 5.4% |
1985-11-01 | 13.5% | 5.3% |
1985-12-01 | 13.5% | 5.4% |
1986-01-01 | 13.0% | 5.1% |
1986-02-01 | 13.6% | 5.6% |
1986-03-01 | 13.2% | 5.6% |
1986-04-01 | 13.7% | 5.5% |
1986-05-01 | 13.7% | 5.5% |
1986-06-01 | 13.5% | 5.6% |
1986-07-01 | 13.3% | 5.5% |
1986-08-01 | 13.1% | 5.4% |
1986-09-01 | 13.6% | 5.4% |
1986-10-01 | 13.0% | 5.5% |
1986-11-01 | 12.8% | 5.4% |
1986-12-01 | 13.0% | 5.1% |
1987-01-01 | 13.0% | 5.1% |
1987-02-01 | 13.1% | 5.0% |
1987-03-01 | 12.8% | 5.1% |
1987-04-01 | 12.6% | 4.9% |
1987-05-01 | 12.5% | 4.8% |
1987-06-01 | 12.3% | 4.7% |
1987-07-01 | 11.8% | 4.7% |
1987-08-01 | 11.7% | 4.7% |
1987-09-01 | 11.8% | 4.6% |
1987-10-01 | 11.8% | 4.6% |
1987-11-01 | 11.5% | 4.5% |
1987-12-01 | 11.2% | 4.5% |
1988-01-01 | 11.5% | 4.4% |
1988-02-01 | 11.3% | 4.4% |
1988-03-01 | 11.8% | 4.3% |
1988-04-01 | 11.2% | 4.2% |
1988-05-01 | 11.3% | 4.3% |
1988-06-01 | 10.5% | 4.2% |
1988-07-01 | 10.8% | 4.2% |
1988-08-01 | 11.0% | 4.4% |
1988-09-01 | 10.8% | 4.2% |
1988-10-01 | 10.8% | 4.1% |
1988-11-01 | 10.5% | 4.2% |
1988-12-01 | 10.8% | 4.1% |
1989-01-01 | 11.8% | 4.1% |
1989-02-01 | 10.6% | 4.0% |
1989-03-01 | 10.1% | 3.9% |
1989-04-01 | 10.6% | 4.1% |
1989-05-01 | 10.4% | 4.0% |
1989-06-01 | 11.2% | 4.0% |
1989-07-01 | 10.6% | 4.0% |
1989-08-01 | 10.9% | 4.0% |
1989-09-01 | 11.1% | 4.1% |
1989-10-01 | 11.0% | 4.1% |
1989-11-01 | 11.3% | 4.1% |
1989-12-01 | 11.2% | 4.1% |
1990-01-01 | 10.8% | 4.1% |
1990-02-01 | 10.7% | 4.1% |
1990-03-01 | 10.6% | 4.1% |
1990-04-01 | 11.1% | 4.2% |
1990-05-01 | 10.8% | 4.2% |
1990-06-01 | 10.4% | 4.1% |
1990-07-01 | 10.7% | 4.4% |
1990-08-01 | 11.5% | 4.5% |
1990-09-01 | 11.7% | 4.6% |
1990-10-01 | 11.8% | 4.7% |
1990-11-01 | 12.0% | 4.9% |
1990-12-01 | 12.0% | 5.0% |
1991-01-01 | 12.6% | 5.0% |
1991-02-01 | 12.8% | 5.3% |
1991-03-01 | 13.1% | 5.5% |
1991-04-01 | 12.7% | 5.4% |
1991-05-01 | 13.6% | 5.5% |
1991-06-01 | 13.6% | 5.5% |
1991-07-01 | 13.8% | 5.4% |
1991-08-01 | 13.5% | 5.5% |
1991-09-01 | 13.4% | 5.5% |
1991-10-01 | 13.9% | 5.6% |
1991-11-01 | 13.8% | 5.7% |
1991-12-01 | 14.6% | 5.8% |
1992-01-01 | 13.9% | 5.9% |
1992-02-01 | 14.2% | 6.0% |
1992-03-01 | 14.1% | 6.1% |
1992-04-01 | 13.6% | 6.1% |
1992-05-01 | 14.4% | 6.3% |
1992-06-01 | 15.2% | 6.3% |
1992-07-01 | 14.5% | 6.3% |
1992-08-01 | 14.2% | 6.3% |
1992-09-01 | 14.5% | 6.2% |
1992-10-01 | 13.5% | 6.1% |
1992-11-01 | 14.3% | 6.1% |
1992-12-01 | 14.2% | 6.1% |
1993-01-01 | 14.0% | 5.8% |
1993-02-01 | 14.1% | 5.7% |
1993-03-01 | 13.6% | 5.7% |
1993-04-01 | 13.8% | 5.7% |
1993-05-01 | 14.2% | 5.6% |
1993-06-01 | 13.7% | 5.7% |
1993-07-01 | 13.1% | 5.7% |
1993-08-01 | 13.0% | 5.5% |
1993-09-01 | 12.6% | 5.6% |
1993-10-01 | 13.0% | 5.6% |
1993-11-01 | 12.9% | 5.4% |
1993-12-01 | 12.5% | 5.4% |
1994-01-01 | 13.4% | 5.2% |
1994-02-01 | 12.9% | 5.3% |
1994-03-01 | 13.1% | 5.2% |
1994-04-01 | 13.3% | 5.0% |
1994-05-01 | 12.5% | 4.8% |
1994-06-01 | 12.4% | 4.8% |
1994-07-01 | 12.4% | 4.8% |
1994-08-01 | 12.5% | 4.8% |
1994-09-01 | 12.1% | 4.7% |
1994-10-01 | 12.0% | 4.6% |
1994-11-01 | 11.4% | 4.5% |
1994-12-01 | 11.5% | 4.3% |
1995-01-01 | 11.4% | 4.4% |
1995-02-01 | 11.7% | 4.2% |
1995-03-01 | 11.6% | 4.2% |
1995-04-01 | 12.0% | 4.5% |
1995-05-01 | 11.9% | 4.5% |
1995-06-01 | 12.0% | 4.4% |
1995-07-01 | 12.5% | 4.4% |
1995-08-01 | 12.5% | 4.4% |
1995-09-01 | 12.7% | 4.3% |
1995-10-01 | 12.4% | 4.2% |
1995-11-01 | 12.0% | 4.4% |
1995-12-01 | 12.4% | 4.3% |
1996-01-01 | 12.8% | 4.3% |
1996-02-01 | 12.2% | 4.2% |
1996-03-01 | 12.2% | 4.2% |
1996-04-01 | 12.0% | 4.3% |
1996-05-01 | 12.2% | 4.3% |
1996-06-01 | 11.8% | 4.1% |
1996-07-01 | 12.4% | 4.2% |
1996-08-01 | 11.6% | 4.0% |
1996-09-01 | 11.4% | 4.0% |
1996-10-01 | 11.6% | 4.0% |
1996-11-01 | 11.9% | 4.1% |
1996-12-01 | 11.8% | 4.1% |
1997-01-01 | 12.2% | 4.0% |
1997-02-01 | 11.8% | 4.0% |
1997-03-01 | 11.7% | 3.9% |
1997-04-01 | 11.6% | 3.8% |
1997-05-01 | 11.1% | 3.8% |
1997-06-01 | 11.4% | 3.8% |
1997-07-01 | 11.2% | 3.7% |
1997-08-01 | 11.1% | 3.7% |
1997-09-01 | 11.2% | 3.7% |
1997-10-01 | 11.0% | 3.5% |
1997-11-01 | 10.8% | 3.4% |
1997-12-01 | 10.5% | 3.6% |
1998-01-01 | 10.9% | 3.5% |
1998-02-01 | 10.6% | 3.5% |
1998-03-01 | 10.5% | 3.6% |
1998-04-01 | 9.7% | 3.4% |
1998-05-01 | 10.3% | 3.3% |
1998-06-01 | 10.6% | 3.4% |
1998-07-01 | 10.6% | 3.4% |
1998-08-01 | 10.8% | 3.3% |
1998-09-01 | 11.0% | 3.4% |
1998-10-01 | 10.5% | 3.4% |
1998-11-01 | 9.8% | 3.3% |
1998-12-01 | 9.6% | 3.3% |
1999-01-01 | 10.2% | 3.2% |
1999-02-01 | 10.1% | 3.3% |
1999-03-01 | 9.9% | 3.1% |
1999-04-01 | 10.0% | 3.3% |
1999-05-01 | 9.6% | 3.1% |
1999-06-01 | 10.0% | 3.2% |
1999-07-01 | 9.9% | 3.2% |
1999-08-01 | 9.6% | 3.2% |
1999-09-01 | 10.2% | 3.1% |
1999-10-01 | 10.0% | 3.0% |
1999-11-01 | 9.9% | 3.0% |
1999-12-01 | 9.6% | 2.9% |
2000-01-01 | 9.4% | 3.0% |
2000-02-01 | 9.9% | 3.0% |
2000-03-01 | 9.6% | 3.0% |
2000-04-01 | 9.2% | 2.9% |
2000-05-01 | 9.8% | 3.0% |
2000-06-01 | 9.3% | 3.0% |
2000-07-01 | 9.3% | 3.0% |
2000-08-01 | 9.3% | 3.1% |
2000-09-01 | 8.9% | 3.0% |
2000-10-01 | 8.9% | 2.9% |
2000-11-01 | 9.1% | 3.0% |
2000-12-01 | 9.2% | 2.9% |
2001-01-01 | 9.6% | 3.2% |
2001-02-01 | 9.6% | 3.2% |
2001-03-01 | 9.8% | 3.2% |
2001-04-01 | 10.2% | 3.3% |
2001-05-01 | 9.9% | 3.3% |
2001-06-01 | 10.4% | 3.5% |
2001-07-01 | 10.2% | 3.5% |
2001-08-01 | 11.2% | 3.8% |
2001-09-01 | 10.8% | 3.9% |
2001-10-01 | 11.5% | 4.2% |
2001-11-01 | 11.6% | 4.4% |
2001-12-01 | 12.2% | 4.5% |
2002-01-01 | 12.1% | 4.5% |
2002-02-01 | 11.8% | 4.5% |
2002-03-01 | 12.5% | 4.5% |
2002-04-01 | 12.3% | 4.8% |
2002-05-01 | 11.6% | 4.8% |
2002-06-01 | 11.8% | 4.7% |
2002-07-01 | 12.1% | 4.6% |
2002-08-01 | 12.0% | 4.6% |
2002-09-01 | 11.7% | 4.5% |
2002-10-01 | 11.8% | 4.6% |
2002-11-01 | 12.1% | 4.7% |
2002-12-01 | 12.1% | 4.8% |
2003-01-01 | 12.0% | 4.7% |
2003-02-01 | 12.1% | 4.8% |
2003-03-01 | 12.0% | 4.8% |
2003-04-01 | 12.6% | 4.9% |
2003-05-01 | 12.9% | 4.9% |
2003-06-01 | 13.2% | 5.1% |
2003-07-01 | 13.0% | 4.9% |
2003-08-01 | 12.3% | 5.0% |
2003-09-01 | 12.8% | 4.9% |
2003-10-01 | 12.2% | 4.9% |
2003-11-01 | 12.1% | 4.8% |
2003-12-01 | 11.7% | 4.6% |
2004-01-01 | 12.0% | 4.6% |
2004-02-01 | 11.7% | 4.5% |
2004-03-01 | 12.0% | 4.7% |
2004-04-01 | 11.6% | 4.5% |
2004-05-01 | 12.1% | 4.4% |
2004-06-01 | 12.0% | 4.5% |
2004-07-01 | 12.1% | 4.4% |
2004-08-01 | 11.5% | 4.3% |
2004-09-01 | 11.7% | 4.3% |
2004-10-01 | 12.1% | 4.2% |
2004-11-01 | 11.5% | 4.3% |
2004-12-01 | 11.7% | 4.2% |
2005-01-01 | 11.6% | 4.1% |
2005-02-01 | 12.4% | 4.2% |
2005-03-01 | 11.8% | 4.0% |
2005-04-01 | 11.8% | 4.0% |
2005-05-01 | 11.7% | 3.9% |
2005-06-01 | 11.1% | 4.0% |
2005-07-01 | 10.7% | 4.0% |
2005-08-01 | 11.1% | 3.8% |
2005-09-01 | 10.8% | 4.1% |
2005-10-01 | 10.8% | 3.9% |
2005-11-01 | 11.1% | 4.0% |
2005-12-01 | 10.5% | 3.9% |
2006-01-01 | 10.4% | 3.7% |
2006-02-01 | 10.8% | 3.7% |
2006-03-01 | 10.5% | 3.6% |
2006-04-01 | 10.3% | 3.7% |
2006-05-01 | 10.0% | 3.7% |
2006-06-01 | 10.4% | 3.6% |
2006-07-01 | 10.9% | 3.7% |
2006-08-01 | 10.7% | 3.6% |
2006-09-01 | 10.6% | 3.5% |
2006-10-01 | 10.6% | 3.3% |
2006-11-01 | 10.6% | 3.5% |
2006-12-01 | 10.0% | 3.5% |
2007-01-01 | 10.3% | 3.7% |
2007-02-01 | 9.9% | 3.6% |
2007-03-01 | 10.0% | 3.4% |
2007-04-01 | 10.3% | 3.5% |
2007-05-01 | 9.9% | 3.5% |
2007-06-01 | 10.6% | 3.5% |
2007-07-01 | 10.5% | 3.7% |
2007-08-01 | 10.7% | 3.6% |
2007-09-01 | 11.2% | 3.6% |
2007-10-01 | 10.7% | 3.7% |
2007-11-01 | 10.8% | 3.7% |
2007-12-01 | 11.7% | 3.8% |
2008-01-01 | 11.7% | 3.8% |
2008-02-01 | 11.4% | 3.8% |
2008-03-01 | 11.4% | 4.0% |
2008-04-01 | 11.0% | 4.0% |
2008-05-01 | 13.0% | 4.1% |
2008-06-01 | 12.9% | 4.3% |
2008-07-01 | 13.5% | 4.5% |
2008-08-01 | 13.1% | 4.9% |
2008-09-01 | 13.5% | 4.9% |
2008-10-01 | 13.6% | 5.3% |
2008-11-01 | 14.0% | 5.6% |
2008-12-01 | 14.8% | 6.1% |
2009-01-01 | 15.0% | 6.6% |
2009-02-01 | 16.0% | 7.1% |
2009-03-01 | 16.5% | 7.4% |
2009-04-01 | 16.7% | 7.7% |
2009-05-01 | 17.6% | 8.0% |
2009-06-01 | 18.0% | 8.1% |
2009-07-01 | 17.9% | 8.1% |
2009-08-01 | 18.1% | 8.3% |
2009-09-01 | 18.4% | 8.4% |
2009-10-01 | 19.1% | 8.6% |
2009-11-01 | 19.2% | 8.4% |
2009-12-01 | 18.8% | 8.4% |
2010-01-01 | 18.8% | 8.3% |
2010-02-01 | 18.7% | 8.4% |
2010-03-01 | 18.8% | 8.5% |
2010-04-01 | 19.5% | 8.4% |
2010-05-01 | 18.1% | 8.3% |
2010-06-01 | 18.2% | 8.1% |
2010-07-01 | 18.4% | 8.0% |
2010-08-01 | 17.7% | 8.2% |
2010-09-01 | 17.9% | 8.2% |
2010-10-01 | 18.7% | 8.1% |
2010-11-01 | 18.5% | 8.4% |
2010-12-01 | 17.9% | 8.0% |
2011-01-01 | 18.1% | 7.7% |
2011-02-01 | 17.7% | 7.6% |
2011-03-01 | 17.6% | 7.6% |
2011-04-01 | 17.6% | 7.7% |
2011-05-01 | 17.3% | 7.7% |
2011-06-01 | 17.1% | 7.9% |
2011-07-01 | 17.3% | 7.7% |
2011-08-01 | 17.4% | 7.7% |
2011-09-01 | 17.3% | 7.7% |
2011-10-01 | 16.7% | 7.6% |
2011-11-01 | 17.0% | 7.3% |
2011-12-01 | 16.7% | 7.2% |
2012-01-01 | 16.1% | 7.0% |
2012-02-01 | 16.5% | 7.0% |
2012-03-01 | 16.2% | 6.9% |
2012-04-01 | 16.6% | 6.8% |
2012-05-01 | 16.1% | 6.9% |
2012-06-01 | 16.2% | 7.0% |
2012-07-01 | 16.3% | 6.9% |
2012-08-01 | 16.7% | 6.7% |
2012-09-01 | 15.5% | 6.6% |
2012-10-01 | 16.0% | 6.5% |
2012-11-01 | 15.9% | 6.4% |
2012-12-01 | 16.5% | 6.5% |
2013-01-01 | 16.8% | 6.5% |
2013-02-01 | 16.3% | 6.3% |
2013-03-01 | 16.1% | 6.2% |
2013-04-01 | 16.3% | 6.2% |
2013-05-01 | 16.3% | 6.1% |
2013-06-01 | 16.0% | 6.2% |
2013-07-01 | 15.4% | 6.0% |
2013-08-01 | 15.7% | 5.9% |
2013-09-01 | 15.1% | 6.0% |
2013-10-01 | 14.8% | 6.0% |
2013-11-01 | 14.1% | 5.9% |
2013-12-01 | 13.4% | 5.6% |
2014-01-01 | 14.1% | 5.3% |
2014-02-01 | 14.5% | 5.4% |
2014-03-01 | 14.6% | 5.4% |
2014-04-01 | 13.0% | 5.2% |
2014-05-01 | 13.3% | 5.2% |
2014-06-01 | 13.1% | 5.0% |
2014-07-01 | 13.5% | 5.0% |
2014-08-01 | 13.2% | 5.0% |
2014-09-01 | 13.8% | 4.7% |
2014-10-01 | 12.6% | 4.7% |
2014-11-01 | 12.5% | 4.8% |
2014-12-01 | 12.2% | 4.5% |
2015-01-01 | 12.0% | 4.6% |
2015-02-01 | 11.8% | 4.5% |
2015-03-01 | 12.5% | 4.4% |
2015-04-01 | 11.8% | 4.5% |
2015-05-01 | 12.3% | 4.5% |
2015-06-01 | 11.9% | 4.2% |
2015-07-01 | 11.5% | 4.2% |
2015-08-01 | 11.1% | 4.1% |
2015-09-01 | 11.2% | 4.1% |
2015-10-01 | 11.0% | 4.1% |
2015-11-01 | 11.2% | 4.2% |
2015-12-01 | 11.1% | 4.0% |
2016-01-01 | 10.0% | 4.0% |
2016-02-01 | 10.5% | 4.0% |
2016-03-01 | 10.7% | 4.1% |
2016-04-01 | 11.0% | 4.1% |
2016-05-01 | 10.4% | 3.9% |
2016-06-01 | 10.5% | 4.0% |
2016-07-01 | 10.6% | 3.9% |
2016-08-01 | 10.2% | 4.1% |
2016-09-01 | 10.4% | 4.2% |
2016-10-01 | 10.6% | 4.0% |
2016-11-01 | 10.3% | 3.9% |
2016-12-01 | 10.0% | 3.9% |
2017-01-01 | 10.0% | 3.9% |
2017-02-01 | 9.8% | 3.9% |
2017-03-01 | 9.0% | 3.7% |
2017-04-01 | 9.3% | 3.6% |
2017-05-01 | 8.7% | 3.7% |
2017-06-01 | 9.1% | 3.6% |
2017-07-01 | 8.9% | 3.6% |
2017-08-01 | 8.9% | 3.7% |
2017-09-01 | 9.1% | 3.5% |
2017-10-01 | 9.2% | 3.4% |
2017-11-01 | 9.8% | 3.4% |
2017-12-01 | 9.1% | 3.4% |
2018-01-01 | 9.2% | 3.3% |
2018-02-01 | 9.0% | 3.4% |
2018-03-01 | 8.3% | 3.3% |
2018-04-01 | 8.4% | 3.3% |
2018-05-01 | 8.6% | 3.1% |
2018-06-01 | 8.8% | 3.2% |
2018-07-01 | 8.6% | 3.1% |
2018-08-01 | 8.2% | 3.1% |
2018-09-01 | 8.4% | 3.0% |
2018-10-01 | 8.5% | 3.1% |
2018-11-01 | 8.3% | 3.1% |
2018-12-01 | 8.9% | 3.2% |
2019-01-01 | 9.3% | 3.2% |
2019-02-01 | 9.1% | 3.1% |
2019-03-01 | 8.6% | 3.1% |
2019-04-01 | 8.3% | 2.9% |
2019-05-01 | 8.5% | 2.9% |
2019-06-01 | 7.9% | 3.0% |
2019-07-01 | 8.4% | 3.0% |
2019-08-01 | 8.3% | 2.9% |
2019-09-01 | 7.9% | 2.8% |
2019-10-01 | 7.9% | 2.9% |
2019-11-01 | 8.1% | 2.9% |
2019-12-01 | 8.4% | 2.9% |
2020-01-01 | 8.6% | 2.9% |
2020-02-01 | 7.8% | 2.9% |
2020-03-01 | 10.1% | 3.6% |
2020-04-01 | 27.5% | 13.0% |
2020-05-01 | 25.1% | 11.5% |
2020-06-01 | 20.4% | 9.7% |
2020-07-01 | 18.3% | 9.0% |
2020-08-01 | 14.7% | 7.5% |
2020-09-01 | 13.5% | 7.0% |
2020-10-01 | 11.8% | 6.1% |
2020-11-01 | 11.6% | 6.0% |
2020-12-01 | 12.6% | 5.9% |
2021-01-01 | 11.4% | 5.6% |
2021-02-01 | 10.9% | 5.6% |
2021-03-01 | 11.0% | 5.3% |
2021-04-01 | 11.2% | 5.3% |
2021-05-01 | 10.0% | 5.1% |
2021-06-01 | 9.7% | 5.3% |
2021-07-01 | 9.5% | 4.8% |
2021-08-01 | 9.6% | 4.5% |
2021-09-01 | 8.7% | 4.1% |
2021-10-01 | 8.3% | 3.9% |
2021-11-01 | 8.3% | 3.6% |
2021-12-01 | 8.2% | 3.3% |
2022-01-01 | 8.4% | 3.4% |
2022-02-01 | 8.2% | 3.2% |
2022-03-01 | 8.4% | 2.9% |
2022-04-01 | 8.2% | 3.0% |
2022-05-01 | 7.8% | 3.0% |
2022-06-01 | 8.1% | 3.0% |
2022-07-01 | 7.8% | 2.8% |
2022-08-01 | 7.8% | 3.0% |
2022-09-01 | 8.2% | 2.8% |
2022-10-01 | 7.9% | 3.0% |
2022-11-01 | 8.2% | 3.0% |
2022-12-01 | 8.3% | 2.8% |
2023-01-01 | 8.1% | 2.8% |
2023-02-01 | 8.1% | 2.9% |
2023-03-01 | 7.5% | 2.9% |
2023-04-01 | 6.6% | 2.9% |
2023-05-01 | 7.4% | 3.1% |
2023-06-01 | 7.6% | 3.0% |
2023-07-01 | 8.1% | 2.8% |
2023-08-01 | 8.6% | 3.0% |
2023-09-01 | 8.4% | 3.1% |
2023-10-01 | 8.8% | 3.1% |
2023-11-01 | 8.0% | 3.1% |
2023-12-01 | 8.0% | 3.2% |
2024-01-01 | 7.3% | 3.2% |
2024-02-01 | 8.8% | 3.2% |
2024-03-01 | 8.8% | 3.1% |
2024-04-01 | 8.3% | 3.2% |
2024-05-01 | 9.3% | 3.2% |
2024-06-01 | 8.9% | 3.3% |
2024-07-01 | 9.1% | 3.5% |
2024-08-01 | 9.7% | 3.4% |
2024-09-01 | 9.2% | 3.3% |
2024-10-01 | 9.5% | 3.4% |
2024-11-01 | 9.4% | 3.5% |
2024-12-01 | 9.0% | 3.4% |
2025-01-01 | 9.0% | 3.3% |
2025-02-01 | 9.7% | 3.4% |
2025-03-01 | 9.4% | 3.3% |
2025-04-01 | 9.6% | 3.4% |
2025-05-01 | 9.7% | 3.4% |
Notes: Shaded areas represent recessions.
Source: Authors' analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics' Current Population Survey public data.
Share of newly employed workers who said that they were not actively searching for work in the previous month
date | Share of newly employed workers who said that they were not actively searching for work in the previous month |
---|---|
Apr-1990 | 61.9% |
May-1990 | 62.6% |
Jun-1990 | 62.0% |
Jul-1990 | 62.0% |
Aug-1990 | 61.6% |
Sep-1990 | 62.3% |
Oct-1990 | 61.0% |
Nov-1990 | 61.2% |
Dec-1990 | 60.4% |
Jan-1991 | 59.9% |
Feb-1991 | 59.0% |
Mar-1991 | 58.5% |
Apr-1991 | 57.7% |
May-1991 | 57.6% |
Jun-1991 | 57.2% |
Jul-1991 | 58.0% |
Aug-1991 | 57.8% |
Sep-1991 | 57.7% |
Oct-1991 | 57.3% |
Nov-1991 | 56.9% |
Dec-1991 | 57.0% |
Jan-1992 | 56.8% |
Feb-1992 | 57.1% |
Mar-1992 | 57.1% |
Apr-1992 | 57.2% |
May-1992 | 57.3% |
Jun-1992 | 56.6% |
Jul-1992 | 56.4% |
Aug-1992 | 56.1% |
Sep-1992 | 55.9% |
Oct-1992 | 55.7% |
Nov-1992 | 55.8% |
Dec-1992 | 56.1% |
Jan-1993 | 56.6% |
Feb-1993 | 57.7% |
Mar-1993 | 58.3% |
Apr-1993 | 58.4% |
May-1993 | 58.2% |
Jun-1993 | 58.1% |
Jul-1993 | 57.5% |
Aug-1993 | 57.5% |
Sep-1993 | 58.0% |
Oct-1993 | 58.9% |
Nov-1993 | 58.5% |
Dec-1993 | 58.3% |
Jan-1994 | 58.8% |
Feb-1994 | 59.2% |
Mar-1994 | 59.1% |
Apr-1994 | 58.7% |
May-1994 | 58.3% |
Jun-1994 | 58.5% |
Jul-1994 | 58.6% |
Aug-1994 | 59.0% |
Sep-1994 | 59.1% |
Oct-1994 | 59.8% |
Nov-1994 | 60.1% |
Dec-1994 | 60.3% |
Jan-1995 | 60.4% |
Feb-1995 | 59.5% |
Mar-1995 | 59.7% |
Apr-1995 | 59.7% |
May-1995 | 59.2% |
Jun-1995 | 59.5% |
Jul-1995 | 59.5% |
Aug-1995 | 60.0% |
Sep-1995 | 60.2% |
Oct-1995 | 59.9% |
Nov-1995 | 60.6% |
Dec-1995 | 59.9% |
Jan-1996 | 59.8% |
Feb-1996 | 60.3% |
Mar-1996 | 60.7% |
Apr-1996 | 61.0% |
May-1996 | 60.7% |
Jun-1996 | 60.8% |
Jul-1996 | 61.5% |
Aug-1996 | 60.8% |
Sep-1996 | 60.9% |
Oct-1996 | 60.2% |
Nov-1996 | 60.6% |
Dec-1996 | 59.6% |
Jan-1997 | 59.1% |
Feb-1997 | 58.9% |
Mar-1997 | 60.3% |
Apr-1997 | 61.4% |
May-1997 | 61.8% |
Jun-1997 | 61.1% |
Jul-1997 | 60.4% |
Aug-1997 | 61.3% |
Sep-1997 | 61.9% |
Oct-1997 | 62.5% |
Nov-1997 | 62.7% |
Dec-1997 | 62.8% |
Jan-1998 | 63.3% |
Feb-1998 | 62.7% |
Mar-1998 | 62.9% |
Apr-1998 | 62.4% |
May-1998 | 63.5% |
Jun-1998 | 63.2% |
Jul-1998 | 64.2% |
Aug-1998 | 64.0% |
Sep-1998 | 65.2% |
Oct-1998 | 65.1% |
Nov-1998 | 65.1% |
Dec-1998 | 64.9% |
Jan-1999 | 65.6% |
Feb-1999 | 65.5% |
Mar-1999 | 64.2% |
Apr-1999 | 65.3% |
May-1999 | 66.1% |
Jun-1999 | 67.4% |
Jul-1999 | 66.4% |
Aug-1999 | 65.7% |
Sep-1999 | 65.3% |
Oct-1999 | 65.5% |
Nov-1999 | 65.3% |
Dec-1999 | 65.1% |
Jan-2000 | 64.4% |
Feb-2000 | 65.4% |
Mar-2000 | 65.7% |
Apr-2000 | 65.9% |
May-2000 | 65.6% |
Jun-2000 | 65.9% |
Jul-2000 | 65.4% |
Aug-2000 | 65.5% |
Sep-2000 | 65.6% |
Oct-2000 | 66.5% |
Nov-2000 | 67.4% |
Dec-2000 | 68.1% |
Jan-2001 | 69.0% |
Feb-2001 | 68.6% |
Mar-2001 | 67.9% |
Apr-2001 | 66.9% |
May-2001 | 65.8% |
Jun-2001 | 65.3% |
Jul-2001 | 65.7% |
Aug-2001 | 66.2% |
Sep-2001 | 66.6% |
Oct-2001 | 65.5% |
Nov-2001 | 64.4% |
Dec-2001 | 62.9% |
Jan-2002 | 62.6% |
Feb-2002 | 62.3% |
Mar-2002 | 61.7% |
Apr-2002 | 61.9% |
May-2002 | 62.8% |
Jun-2002 | 64.4% |
Jul-2002 | 64.5% |
Aug-2002 | 64.0% |
Sep-2002 | 63.1% |
Oct-2002 | 63.1% |
Nov-2002 | 63.7% |
Dec-2002 | 64.1% |
Jan-2003 | 64.2% |
Feb-2003 | 64.2% |
Mar-2003 | 64.5% |
Apr-2003 | 64.3% |
May-2003 | 63.7% |
Jun-2003 | 63.5% |
Jul-2003 | 63.1% |
Aug-2003 | 63.2% |
Sep-2003 | 63.4% |
Oct-2003 | 64.3% |
Nov-2003 | 64.7% |
Dec-2003 | 63.7% |
Jan-2004 | 63.6% |
Feb-2004 | 63.4% |
Mar-2004 | 64.9% |
Apr-2004 | 64.3% |
May-2004 | 64.3% |
Jun-2004 | 63.7% |
Jul-2004 | 64.2% |
Aug-2004 | 64.5% |
Sep-2004 | 64.1% |
Oct-2004 | 64.2% |
Nov-2004 | 64.0% |
Dec-2004 | 64.4% |
Jan-2005 | 64.6% |
Feb-2005 | 64.8% |
Mar-2005 | 64.9% |
Apr-2005 | 65.1% |
May-2005 | 65.8% |
Jun-2005 | 66.1% |
Jul-2005 | 66.6% |
Aug-2005 | 65.9% |
Sep-2005 | 66.5% |
Oct-2005 | 66.2% |
Nov-2005 | 66.0% |
Dec-2005 | 65.9% |
Jan-2006 | 65.8% |
Feb-2006 | 67.3% |
Mar-2006 | 67.3% |
Apr-2006 | 67.6% |
May-2006 | 67.3% |
Jun-2006 | 67.2% |
Jul-2006 | 66.7% |
Aug-2006 | 66.4% |
Sep-2006 | 65.9% |
Oct-2006 | 66.9% |
Nov-2006 | 67.6% |
Dec-2006 | 68.3% |
Jan-2007 | 68.0% |
Feb-2007 | 67.0% |
Mar-2007 | 66.5% |
Apr-2007 | 65.8% |
May-2007 | 66.2% |
Jun-2007 | 67.6% |
Jul-2007 | 67.7% |
Aug-2007 | 67.6% |
Sep-2007 | 66.9% |
Oct-2007 | 67.0% |
Nov-2007 | 67.5% |
Dec-2007 | 66.6% |
Jan-2008 | 66.4% |
Feb-2008 | 65.4% |
Mar-2008 | 65.6% |
Apr-2008 | 64.7% |
May-2008 | 65.1% |
Jun-2008 | 64.9% |
Jul-2008 | 65.3% |
Aug-2008 | 64.2% |
Sep-2008 | 62.9% |
Oct-2008 | 62.1% |
Nov-2008 | 61.9% |
Dec-2008 | 62.3% |
Jan-2009 | 62.2% |
Feb-2009 | 61.6% |
Mar-2009 | 60.8% |
Apr-2009 | 59.8% |
May-2009 | 59.6% |
Jun-2009 | 58.3% |
Jul-2009 | 57.5% |
Aug-2009 | 57.0% |
Sep-2009 | 56.8% |
Oct-2009 | 57.6% |
Nov-2009 | 56.7% |
Dec-2009 | 57.7% |
Jan-2010 | 57.9% |
Feb-2010 | 58.8% |
Mar-2010 | 58.7% |
Apr-2010 | 57.4% |
May-2010 | 56.4% |
Jun-2010 | 56.6% |
Jul-2010 | 57.2% |
Aug-2010 | 58.4% |
Sep-2010 | 58.8% |
Oct-2010 | 58.9% |
Nov-2010 | 58.9% |
Dec-2010 | 58.4% |
Jan-2011 | 59.1% |
Feb-2011 | 59.5% |
Mar-2011 | 60.1% |
Apr-2011 | 60.4% |
May-2011 | 60.2% |
Jun-2011 | 59.7% |
Jul-2011 | 59.8% |
Aug-2011 | 59.6% |
Sep-2011 | 60.6% |
Oct-2011 | 59.8% |
Nov-2011 | 59.8% |
Dec-2011 | 59.1% |
Jan-2012 | 59.2% |
Feb-2012 | 59.1% |
Mar-2012 | 59.4% |
Apr-2012 | 60.3% |
May-2012 | 60.9% |
Jun-2012 | 61.6% |
Jul-2012 | 61.8% |
Aug-2012 | 62.3% |
Sep-2012 | 62.3% |
Oct-2012 | 62.0% |
Nov-2012 | 61.8% |
Dec-2012 | 62.5% |
Jan-2013 | 62.2% |
Feb-2013 | 61.5% |
Mar-2013 | 61.6% |
Apr-2013 | 63.1% |
May-2013 | 63.5% |
Jun-2013 | 63.2% |
Jul-2013 | 62.3% |
Aug-2013 | 62.9% |
Sep-2013 | 63.5% |
Oct-2013 | 64.3% |
Nov-2013 | 64.1% |
Dec-2013 | 63.6% |
Jan-2014 | 63.9% |
Feb-2014 | 63.6% |
Mar-2014 | 63.9% |
Apr-2014 | 62.8% |
May-2014 | 64.2% |
Jun-2014 | 64.5% |
Jul-2014 | 66.0% |
Aug-2014 | 65.5% |
Sep-2014 | 65.3% |
Oct-2014 | 64.9% |
Nov-2014 | 65.3% |
Dec-2014 | 65.8% |
Jan-2015 | 67.2% |
Feb-2015 | 67.8% |
Mar-2015 | 68.5% |
Apr-2015 | 68.1% |
May-2015 | 68.5% |
Jun-2015 | 68.1% |
Jul-2015 | 68.9% |
Aug-2015 | 68.6% |
Sep-2015 | 68.8% |
Oct-2015 | 68.7% |
Nov-2015 | 68.5% |
Dec-2015 | 69.0% |
Jan-2016 | 68.7% |
Feb-2016 | 70.2% |
Mar-2016 | 71.2% |
Apr-2016 | 71.2% |
May-2016 | 69.5% |
Jun-2016 | 68.6% |
Jul-2016 | 68.6% |
Aug-2016 | 69.5% |
Sep-2016 | 69.1% |
Oct-2016 | 67.9% |
Nov-2016 | 67.4% |
Dec-2016 | 68.6% |
Jan-2017 | 69.5% |
Feb-2017 | 69.5% |
Mar-2017 | 69.6% |
Apr-2017 | 70.0% |
May-2017 | 70.2% |
Jun-2017 | 70.5% |
Jul-2017 | 70.1% |
Aug-2017 | 70.7% |
Sep-2017 | 70.3% |
Oct-2017 | 70.2% |
Nov-2017 | 70.2% |
Dec-2017 | 70.2% |
Jan-2018 | 71.2% |
Feb-2018 | 71.4% |
Mar-2018 | 71.5% |
Apr-2018 | 71.5% |
May-2018 | 71.5% |
Jun-2018 | 72.3% |
Jul-2018 | 72.8% |
Aug-2018 | 72.8% |
Sep-2018 | 72.8% |
Oct-2018 | 72.4% |
Nov-2018 | 72.6% |
Dec-2018 | 72.5% |
Jan-2019 | 72.4% |
Feb-2019 | 72.5% |
Mar-2019 | 72.0% |
Apr-2019 | 72.4% |
May-2019 | 73.1% |
Jun-2019 | 73.8% |
Jul-2019 | 74.2% |
Aug-2019 | 73.7% |
Sep-2019 | 73.6% |
Oct-2019 | 74.1% |
Nov-2019 | 74.4% |
Dec-2019 | 74.2% |
Jan-2020 | 73.1% |
Feb-2020 | 72.5% |
Mar-2020 | 72.8% |
Apr-2020 | 72.8% |
May-2020 | 62.3% |
Jun-2020 | 50.3% |
Jul-2020 | 41.3% |
Aug-2020 | 44.2% |
Sep-2020 | 50.2% |
Oct-2020 | 54.5% |
Nov-2020 | 58.3% |
Dec-2020 | 61.6% |
Jan-2021 | 62.6% |
Feb-2021 | 63.0% |
Mar-2021 | 63.3% |
Apr-2021 | 65.1% |
May-2021 | 66.5% |
Jun-2021 | 67.2% |
Jul-2021 | 67.7% |
Aug-2021 | 67.9% |
Sep-2021 | 68.4% |
Oct-2021 | 69.1% |
Nov-2021 | 70.1% |
Dec-2021 | 70.5% |
Jan-2022 | 70.8% |
Feb-2022 | 70.6% |
Mar-2022 | 70.8% |
Apr-2022 | 71.6% |
May-2022 | 72.8% |
Jun-2022 | 73.2% |
Jul-2022 | 72.6% |
Aug-2022 | 72.3% |
Sep-2022 | 72.9% |
Oct-2022 | 73.7% |
Nov-2022 | 73.5% |
Dec-2022 | 73.5% |
Jan-2023 | 73.8% |
Feb-2023 | 74.7% |
Mar-2023 | 74.5% |
Apr-2023 | 74.2% |
May-2023 | 74.4% |
Jun-2023 | 74.8% |
Jul-2023 | 74.1% |
Aug-2023 | 73.9% |
Sep-2023 | 73.1% |
Oct-2023 | 72.9% |
Nov-2023 | 71.7% |
Dec-2023 | 70.9% |
Jan-2024 | 71.5% |
Feb-2024 | 72.3% |
Mar-2024 | 73.6% |
Apr-2024 | 72.6% |
May-2024 | 71.6% |
Jun-2024 | 71.1% |
Jul-2024 | 71.2% |
Aug-2024 | 70.9% |
Sep-2024 | 69.7% |
Oct-2024 | 69.5% |
Nov-2024 | 70.8% |
Dec-2024 | 71.5% |
Jan-2025 | 71.4% |
Feb-2025 | 70.3% |
Mar-2025 | 70.6% |
Apr-2025 | 71.1% |
May-2025 | 71.7% |
Note: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Labor Force Flows: Unemployed to Employed (16 Years and Over) [LNS17100000], and Not in Labor Force to Employed (16 years and over) [LNS17200000]. Because of volatility in these data, the line reflects a three month moving averages.
Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Population Survey public data series.
Number of workers at each level of unemployment duration, by month, January 2023–April 2025
date | Less than 5 weeks | 5–14 weeks | 15–26 weeks | 27–51 weeks | 52 weeks and over |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jan-23 | 1,941 | 1,796 | 921 | 373 | 714 |
Feb-23 | 2,272 | 1,841 | 814 | 442 | 614 |
Mar-23 | 2,275 | 1,746 | 792 | 405 | 656 |
Apr-23 | 1,869 | 1,915 | 772 | 379 | 700 |
May-23 | 2,079 | 1,869 | 907 | 408 | 734 |
Jun-23 | 2,082 | 1,833 | 895 | 449 | 672 |
Jul-23 | 1,994 | 1,745 | 960 | 503 | 693 |
Aug-23 | 2,198 | 1,931 | 921 | 587 | 782 |
Sep-23 | 2,066 | 2,056 | 1,040 | 485 | 757 |
Oct-23 | 2,285 | 1,835 | 1,031 | 529 | 802 |
Nov-23 | 2,075 | 2,061 | 976 | 547 | 623 |
Dec-23 | 2,204 | 1,794 | 1,072 | 539 | 734 |
Jan-24 | 2,143 | 1,852 | 877 | 542 | 730 |
Feb-24 | 2,339 | 1,942 | 970 | 445 | 768 |
Mar-24 | 2,206 | 1,977 | 980 | 435 | 819 |
Apr-24 | 2,273 | 1,990 | 879 | 560 | 693 |
May-24 | 2,309 | 1,922 | 964 | 539 | 809 |
Jun-24 | 2,130 | 2,108 | 1,066 | 736 | 797 |
Jul-24 | 2,348 | 2,162 | 1,078 | 763 | 780 |
Aug-24 | 2,465 | 2,029 | 1,153 | 695 | 850 |
Sep-24 | 2,139 | 1,987 | 1,133 | 685 | 929 |
Oct-24 | 2,109 | 2,082 | 1,231 | 710 | 898 |
Nov-24 | 2,208 | 2,063 | 1,236 | 729 | 925 |
Dec-24 | 2,156 | 1,997 | 1,207 | 641 | 910 |
Jan-25 | 2,290 | 1,935 | 1,161 | 642 | 801 |
Feb-25 | 2,337 | 2,152 | 1,031 | 606 | 849 |
Mar-25 | 2,362 | 2,146 | 1,006 | 559 | 936 |
Apr-25 | 2,187 | 2,269 | 987 | 727 | 948 |
May-25 | 2,451 | 2,208 | 1,039 | 564 | 893 |
Notes: Data are seasonally adjusted. Seasonally adjusted data for Less than 5 weeks, 5-14 weeks, 15-26 weeks, and 27+ weeks are provided by BLS. Seasonally adjusted data are not available for 52+ so we applied the ratio of not-seasonally adjusted 52+ to not-seasonally adjusted 27+ to the seasonally adjusted 27+ to impute a seasonally adjusted 52+. Seasonally adjusted data for 27-51 is estimated as the difference between our estimated 52+ seasonally adjust data and the 27+ seasonally adjusted data.
Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Population Survey public data series.
Pandemic Business Cycle Charts
Federal fiscal relief at the scale of the problem led to a faster recovery from the pandemic recession: Private-sector employment change since business cycle peak, December 2007 and February 2020
Months since peak | 2007 | 2020 |
---|---|---|
1 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
2 | 100.0 | 98.9 |
3 | 99.9 | 83.8 |
4 | 99.8 | 86.3 |
5 | 99.6 | 89.8 |
6 | 99.4 | 91.0 |
7 | 99.3 | 91.8 |
8 | 99.1 | 92.6 |
9 | 98.8 | 93.2 |
10 | 98.5 | 93.5 |
11 | 98.0 | 93.4 |
12 | 97.4 | 93.6 |
13 | 96.8 | 94.0 |
14 | 96.1 | 94.6 |
15 | 95.5 | 94.8 |
16 | 94.8 | 95.1 |
17 | 94.1 | 95.7 |
18 | 93.8 | 96.3 |
19 | 93.5 | 96.7 |
20 | 93.2 | 97.1 |
21 | 93.0 | 97.8 |
22 | 92.9 | 98.2 |
23 | 92.7 | 98.7 |
24 | 92.7 | 98.9 |
25 | 92.5 | 99.5 |
26 | 92.5 | 99.9 |
27 | 92.4 | 100.1 |
28 | 92.5 | 100.3 |
29 | 92.7 | 100.6 |
30 | 92.8 | 101.0 |
31 | 92.9 | 101.2 |
32 | 93.0 | 101.4 |
33 | 93.1 | 101.7 |
34 | 93.2 | 101.9 |
35 | 93.4 | 102.0 |
36 | 93.5 | 102.2 |
37 | 93.6 | 102.4 |
38 | 93.6 | 102.4 |
39 | 93.8 | 102.6 |
40 | 94.0 | 102.7 |
41 | 94.3 | 102.8 |
42 | 94.4 | 102.9 |
43 | 94.6 | 103.0 |
44 | 94.8 | 103.1 |
45 | 94.9 | 103.2 |
46 | 95.1 | 103.2 |
47 | 95.3 | 103.4 |
48 | 95.4 | 103.4 |
49 | 95.6 | 103.6 |
50 | 95.9 | 103.7 |
51 | 96.2 | 103.8 |
52 | 96.4 | 103.9 |
53 | 96.4 | 104.0 |
54 | 96.6 | 104.0 |
55 | 96.6 | 104.0 |
56 | 96.7 | 104.2 |
57 | 96.9 | 104.2 |
58 | 97.0 | 104.4 |
59 | 97.2 | 104.6 |
60 | 97.3 | 104.7 |
61 | 97.6 | 104.7 |
62 | 97.7 | 104.8 |
63 | 98.0 | 104.9 |
64 | 98.1 | 105.0 |
65 | 98.3 | |
66 | 98.5 | |
67 | 98.6 | |
68 | 98.8 | |
69 | 99.0 | |
70 | 99.1 | |
71 | 99.3 | |
72 | 99.5 | |
73 | 99.6 | |
74 | 99.8 | |
75 | 99.9 | |
76 | 100.1 |
Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics' Current Employment Statistics public data series.
Percent change in payrolls since February 2020, for private and state and local government employment
date | Total private-sector employment | State and local government employment |
---|---|---|
Feb-2020 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Mar-2020 | -1.1% | -0.2% |
Apr-2020 | -16.2% | -4.8% |
May-2020 | -13.7% | -7.4% |
Jun-2020 | -10.2% | -7.4% |
Jul-2020 | -9.0% | -7.0% |
Aug-2020 | -8.2% | -5.8% |
Sep-2020 | -7.4% | -6.0% |
Oct-2020 | -6.8% | -5.9% |
Nov-2020 | -6.5% | -6.0% |
Dec-2020 | -6.6% | -6.1% |
Jan-2021 | -6.4% | -5.5% |
Feb-2021 | -6.0% | -5.6% |
Mar-2021 | -5.4% | -5.1% |
Apr-2021 | -5.2% | -4.9% |
May-2021 | -4.9% | -4.9% |
Jun-2021 | -4.3% | -4.4% |
Jul-2021 | -3.7% | -4.2% |
Aug-2021 | -3.3% | -3.9% |
Sep-2021 | -2.9% | -4.0% |
Oct-2021 | -2.2% | -4.2% |
Nov-2021 | -1.8% | -4.2% |
Dec-2021 | -1.3% | -4.0% |
Jan-2022 | -1.1% | -4.1% |
Feb-2022 | -0.5% | -4.2% |
Mar-2022 | -0.1% | -4.1% |
Apr-2022 | 0.1% | -3.9% |
May-2022 | 0.3% | -3.8% |
Jun-2022 | 0.6% | -3.6% |
Jul-2022 | 1.0% | -2.9% |
Aug-2022 | 1.2% | -3.0% |
Sep-2022 | 1.4% | -2.9% |
Oct-2022 | 1.7% | -2.8% |
Nov-2022 | 1.9% | -2.5% |
Dec-2022 | 2.0% | -2.5% |
Jan-2023 | 2.2% | -2.0% |
Feb-2023 | 2.4% | -1.7% |
Mar-2023 | 2.4% | -1.6% |
Apr-2023 | 2.6% | -1.4% |
May-2023 | 2.7% | -1.1% |
Jun-2023 | 2.8% | -0.7% |
Jul-2023 | 2.9% | -0.5% |
Aug-2023 | 3.0% | -0.4% |
Sep-2023 | 3.1% | 0.0% |
Oct-2023 | 3.2% | 0.3% |
Nov-2023 | 3.2% | 0.5% |
Dec-2023 | 3.4% | 0.7% |
Jan-2024 | 3.4% | 0.9% |
Feb-2024 | 3.6% | 1.2% |
Mar-2024 | 3.7% | 1.5% |
Apr-2024 | 3.8% | 1.5% |
May-2024 | 3.9% | 1.6% |
Jun-2024 | 4.0% | 1.7% |
Jul-2024 | 4.0% | 2.0% |
Aug-2024 | 4.0% | 2.1% |
Sep-2024 | 4.2% | 2.3% |
Oct-2024 | 4.2% | 2.5% |
Nov-2024 | 4.4% | 2.6% |
Dec-2024 | 4.6% | 2.7% |
Jan-2025 | 4.7% | 2.9% |
Feb-2025 | 4.7% | 2.9% |
Mar-2025 | 4.8% | 3.0% |
Apr-2025 | 4.9% | 3.1% |
May-2025 | 5.0% | 3.2% |
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics' (BLS) Current Employment Statistics, Establishment Survey (CES) public data series.
Employment change by industry since February 2020: All employees (thousands), seasonally adjusted, May 2025
Industry | Employment change with shortcode |
---|---|
Health care | 1650 |
Professional and business services | 1092 |
Transportation and warehousing | 962 |
Social assistance | 869 |
Construction | 704 |
State/Local government | 637 |
Financial activities | 383 |
Wholesale trade | 289 |
Educational services | 219 |
Leisure and hospitality | 164 |
Other services | 105 |
Federal Government | 99 |
Retail services | 57 |
Utilities | 50 |
Information | 30 |
Manufacturing | 18 |
Mining and logging | -59 |
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics' (BLS) Current Employment Statistics, Establishment Survey (CES) public data series.
Longer-term labor market trends
Unemployment rate, 1948–2025
date | Unemployment Rate |
---|---|
Jan-1948 | 3.4% |
Feb-1948 | 3.8% |
Mar-1948 | 4.0% |
Apr-1948 | 3.9% |
May-1948 | 3.5% |
Jun-1948 | 3.6% |
Jul-1948 | 3.6% |
Aug-1948 | 3.9% |
Sep-1948 | 3.8% |
Oct-1948 | 3.7% |
Nov-1948 | 3.8% |
Dec-1948 | 4.0% |
Jan-1949 | 4.3% |
Feb-1949 | 4.7% |
Mar-1949 | 5.0% |
Apr-1949 | 5.3% |
May-1949 | 6.1% |
Jun-1949 | 6.2% |
Jul-1949 | 6.7% |
Aug-1949 | 6.8% |
Sep-1949 | 6.6% |
Oct-1949 | 7.9% |
Nov-1949 | 6.4% |
Dec-1949 | 6.6% |
Jan-1950 | 6.5% |
Feb-1950 | 6.4% |
Mar-1950 | 6.3% |
Apr-1950 | 5.8% |
May-1950 | 5.5% |
Jun-1950 | 5.4% |
Jul-1950 | 5.0% |
Aug-1950 | 4.5% |
Sep-1950 | 4.4% |
Oct-1950 | 4.2% |
Nov-1950 | 4.2% |
Dec-1950 | 4.3% |
Jan-1951 | 3.7% |
Feb-1951 | 3.4% |
Mar-1951 | 3.4% |
Apr-1951 | 3.1% |
May-1951 | 3.0% |
Jun-1951 | 3.2% |
Jul-1951 | 3.1% |
Aug-1951 | 3.1% |
Sep-1951 | 3.3% |
Oct-1951 | 3.5% |
Nov-1951 | 3.5% |
Dec-1951 | 3.1% |
Jan-1952 | 3.2% |
Feb-1952 | 3.1% |
Mar-1952 | 2.9% |
Apr-1952 | 2.9% |
May-1952 | 3.0% |
Jun-1952 | 3.0% |
Jul-1952 | 3.2% |
Aug-1952 | 3.4% |
Sep-1952 | 3.1% |
Oct-1952 | 3.0% |
Nov-1952 | 2.8% |
Dec-1952 | 2.7% |
Jan-1953 | 2.9% |
Feb-1953 | 2.6% |
Mar-1953 | 2.6% |
Apr-1953 | 2.7% |
May-1953 | 2.5% |
Jun-1953 | 2.5% |
Jul-1953 | 2.6% |
Aug-1953 | 2.7% |
Sep-1953 | 2.9% |
Oct-1953 | 3.1% |
Nov-1953 | 3.5% |
Dec-1953 | 4.5% |
Jan-1954 | 4.9% |
Feb-1954 | 5.2% |
Mar-1954 | 5.7% |
Apr-1954 | 5.9% |
May-1954 | 5.9% |
Jun-1954 | 5.6% |
Jul-1954 | 5.8% |
Aug-1954 | 6.0% |
Sep-1954 | 6.1% |
Oct-1954 | 5.7% |
Nov-1954 | 5.3% |
Dec-1954 | 5.0% |
Jan-1955 | 4.9% |
Feb-1955 | 4.7% |
Mar-1955 | 4.6% |
Apr-1955 | 4.7% |
May-1955 | 4.3% |
Jun-1955 | 4.2% |
Jul-1955 | 4.0% |
Aug-1955 | 4.2% |
Sep-1955 | 4.1% |
Oct-1955 | 4.3% |
Nov-1955 | 4.2% |
Dec-1955 | 4.2% |
Jan-1956 | 4.0% |
Feb-1956 | 3.9% |
Mar-1956 | 4.2% |
Apr-1956 | 4.0% |
May-1956 | 4.3% |
Jun-1956 | 4.3% |
Jul-1956 | 4.4% |
Aug-1956 | 4.1% |
Sep-1956 | 3.9% |
Oct-1956 | 3.9% |
Nov-1956 | 4.3% |
Dec-1956 | 4.2% |
Jan-1957 | 4.2% |
Feb-1957 | 3.9% |
Mar-1957 | 3.7% |
Apr-1957 | 3.9% |
May-1957 | 4.1% |
Jun-1957 | 4.3% |
Jul-1957 | 4.2% |
Aug-1957 | 4.1% |
Sep-1957 | 4.4% |
Oct-1957 | 4.5% |
Nov-1957 | 5.1% |
Dec-1957 | 5.2% |
Jan-1958 | 5.8% |
Feb-1958 | 6.4% |
Mar-1958 | 6.7% |
Apr-1958 | 7.4% |
May-1958 | 7.4% |
Jun-1958 | 7.3% |
Jul-1958 | 7.5% |
Aug-1958 | 7.4% |
Sep-1958 | 7.1% |
Oct-1958 | 6.7% |
Nov-1958 | 6.2% |
Dec-1958 | 6.2% |
Jan-1959 | 6.0% |
Feb-1959 | 5.9% |
Mar-1959 | 5.6% |
Apr-1959 | 5.2% |
May-1959 | 5.1% |
Jun-1959 | 5.0% |
Jul-1959 | 5.1% |
Aug-1959 | 5.2% |
Sep-1959 | 5.5% |
Oct-1959 | 5.7% |
Nov-1959 | 5.8% |
Dec-1959 | 5.3% |
Jan-1960 | 5.2% |
Feb-1960 | 4.8% |
Mar-1960 | 5.4% |
Apr-1960 | 5.2% |
May-1960 | 5.1% |
Jun-1960 | 5.4% |
Jul-1960 | 5.5% |
Aug-1960 | 5.6% |
Sep-1960 | 5.5% |
Oct-1960 | 6.1% |
Nov-1960 | 6.1% |
Dec-1960 | 6.6% |
Jan-1961 | 6.6% |
Feb-1961 | 6.9% |
Mar-1961 | 6.9% |
Apr-1961 | 7.0% |
May-1961 | 7.1% |
Jun-1961 | 6.9% |
Jul-1961 | 7.0% |
Aug-1961 | 6.6% |
Sep-1961 | 6.7% |
Oct-1961 | 6.5% |
Nov-1961 | 6.1% |
Dec-1961 | 6.0% |
Jan-1962 | 5.8% |
Feb-1962 | 5.5% |
Mar-1962 | 5.6% |
Apr-1962 | 5.6% |
May-1962 | 5.5% |
Jun-1962 | 5.5% |
Jul-1962 | 5.4% |
Aug-1962 | 5.7% |
Sep-1962 | 5.6% |
Oct-1962 | 5.4% |
Nov-1962 | 5.7% |
Dec-1962 | 5.5% |
Jan-1963 | 5.7% |
Feb-1963 | 5.9% |
Mar-1963 | 5.7% |
Apr-1963 | 5.7% |
May-1963 | 5.9% |
Jun-1963 | 5.6% |
Jul-1963 | 5.6% |
Aug-1963 | 5.4% |
Sep-1963 | 5.5% |
Oct-1963 | 5.5% |
Nov-1963 | 5.7% |
Dec-1963 | 5.5% |
Jan-1964 | 5.6% |
Feb-1964 | 5.4% |
Mar-1964 | 5.4% |
Apr-1964 | 5.3% |
May-1964 | 5.1% |
Jun-1964 | 5.2% |
Jul-1964 | 4.9% |
Aug-1964 | 5.0% |
Sep-1964 | 5.1% |
Oct-1964 | 5.1% |
Nov-1964 | 4.8% |
Dec-1964 | 5.0% |
Jan-1965 | 4.9% |
Feb-1965 | 5.1% |
Mar-1965 | 4.7% |
Apr-1965 | 4.8% |
May-1965 | 4.6% |
Jun-1965 | 4.6% |
Jul-1965 | 4.4% |
Aug-1965 | 4.4% |
Sep-1965 | 4.3% |
Oct-1965 | 4.2% |
Nov-1965 | 4.1% |
Dec-1965 | 4.0% |
Jan-1966 | 4.0% |
Feb-1966 | 3.8% |
Mar-1966 | 3.8% |
Apr-1966 | 3.8% |
May-1966 | 3.9% |
Jun-1966 | 3.8% |
Jul-1966 | 3.8% |
Aug-1966 | 3.8% |
Sep-1966 | 3.7% |
Oct-1966 | 3.7% |
Nov-1966 | 3.6% |
Dec-1966 | 3.8% |
Jan-1967 | 3.9% |
Feb-1967 | 3.8% |
Mar-1967 | 3.8% |
Apr-1967 | 3.8% |
May-1967 | 3.8% |
Jun-1967 | 3.9% |
Jul-1967 | 3.8% |
Aug-1967 | 3.8% |
Sep-1967 | 3.8% |
Oct-1967 | 4.0% |
Nov-1967 | 3.9% |
Dec-1967 | 3.8% |
Jan-1968 | 3.7% |
Feb-1968 | 3.8% |
Mar-1968 | 3.7% |
Apr-1968 | 3.5% |
May-1968 | 3.5% |
Jun-1968 | 3.7% |
Jul-1968 | 3.7% |
Aug-1968 | 3.5% |
Sep-1968 | 3.4% |
Oct-1968 | 3.4% |
Nov-1968 | 3.4% |
Dec-1968 | 3.4% |
Jan-1969 | 3.4% |
Feb-1969 | 3.4% |
Mar-1969 | 3.4% |
Apr-1969 | 3.4% |
May-1969 | 3.4% |
Jun-1969 | 3.5% |
Jul-1969 | 3.5% |
Aug-1969 | 3.5% |
Sep-1969 | 3.7% |
Oct-1969 | 3.7% |
Nov-1969 | 3.5% |
Dec-1969 | 3.5% |
Jan-1970 | 3.9% |
Feb-1970 | 4.2% |
Mar-1970 | 4.4% |
Apr-1970 | 4.6% |
May-1970 | 4.8% |
Jun-1970 | 4.9% |
Jul-1970 | 5.0% |
Aug-1970 | 5.1% |
Sep-1970 | 5.4% |
Oct-1970 | 5.5% |
Nov-1970 | 5.9% |
Dec-1970 | 6.1% |
Jan-1971 | 5.9% |
Feb-1971 | 5.9% |
Mar-1971 | 6.0% |
Apr-1971 | 5.9% |
May-1971 | 5.9% |
Jun-1971 | 5.9% |
Jul-1971 | 6.0% |
Aug-1971 | 6.1% |
Sep-1971 | 6.0% |
Oct-1971 | 5.8% |
Nov-1971 | 6.0% |
Dec-1971 | 6.0% |
Jan-1972 | 5.8% |
Feb-1972 | 5.7% |
Mar-1972 | 5.8% |
Apr-1972 | 5.7% |
May-1972 | 5.7% |
Jun-1972 | 5.7% |
Jul-1972 | 5.6% |
Aug-1972 | 5.6% |
Sep-1972 | 5.5% |
Oct-1972 | 5.6% |
Nov-1972 | 5.3% |
Dec-1972 | 5.2% |
Jan-1973 | 4.9% |
Feb-1973 | 5.0% |
Mar-1973 | 4.9% |
Apr-1973 | 5.0% |
May-1973 | 4.9% |
Jun-1973 | 4.9% |
Jul-1973 | 4.8% |
Aug-1973 | 4.8% |
Sep-1973 | 4.8% |
Oct-1973 | 4.6% |
Nov-1973 | 4.8% |
Dec-1973 | 4.9% |
Jan-1974 | 5.1% |
Feb-1974 | 5.2% |
Mar-1974 | 5.1% |
Apr-1974 | 5.1% |
May-1974 | 5.1% |
Jun-1974 | 5.4% |
Jul-1974 | 5.5% |
Aug-1974 | 5.5% |
Sep-1974 | 5.9% |
Oct-1974 | 6.0% |
Nov-1974 | 6.6% |
Dec-1974 | 7.2% |
Jan-1975 | 8.1% |
Feb-1975 | 8.1% |
Mar-1975 | 8.6% |
Apr-1975 | 8.8% |
May-1975 | 9.0% |
Jun-1975 | 8.8% |
Jul-1975 | 8.6% |
Aug-1975 | 8.4% |
Sep-1975 | 8.4% |
Oct-1975 | 8.4% |
Nov-1975 | 8.3% |
Dec-1975 | 8.2% |
Jan-1976 | 7.9% |
Feb-1976 | 7.7% |
Mar-1976 | 7.6% |
Apr-1976 | 7.7% |
May-1976 | 7.4% |
Jun-1976 | 7.6% |
Jul-1976 | 7.8% |
Aug-1976 | 7.8% |
Sep-1976 | 7.6% |
Oct-1976 | 7.7% |
Nov-1976 | 7.8% |
Dec-1976 | 7.8% |
Jan-1977 | 7.5% |
Feb-1977 | 7.6% |
Mar-1977 | 7.4% |
Apr-1977 | 7.2% |
May-1977 | 7.0% |
Jun-1977 | 7.2% |
Jul-1977 | 6.9% |
Aug-1977 | 7.0% |
Sep-1977 | 6.8% |
Oct-1977 | 6.8% |
Nov-1977 | 6.8% |
Dec-1977 | 6.4% |
Jan-1978 | 6.4% |
Feb-1978 | 6.3% |
Mar-1978 | 6.3% |
Apr-1978 | 6.1% |
May-1978 | 6.0% |
Jun-1978 | 5.9% |
Jul-1978 | 6.2% |
Aug-1978 | 5.9% |
Sep-1978 | 6.0% |
Oct-1978 | 5.8% |
Nov-1978 | 5.9% |
Dec-1978 | 6.0% |
Jan-1979 | 5.9% |
Feb-1979 | 5.9% |
Mar-1979 | 5.8% |
Apr-1979 | 5.8% |
May-1979 | 5.6% |
Jun-1979 | 5.7% |
Jul-1979 | 5.7% |
Aug-1979 | 6.0% |
Sep-1979 | 5.9% |
Oct-1979 | 6.0% |
Nov-1979 | 5.9% |
Dec-1979 | 6.0% |
Jan-1980 | 6.3% |
Feb-1980 | 6.3% |
Mar-1980 | 6.3% |
Apr-1980 | 6.9% |
May-1980 | 7.5% |
Jun-1980 | 7.6% |
Jul-1980 | 7.8% |
Aug-1980 | 7.7% |
Sep-1980 | 7.5% |
Oct-1980 | 7.5% |
Nov-1980 | 7.5% |
Dec-1980 | 7.2% |
Jan-1981 | 7.5% |
Feb-1981 | 7.4% |
Mar-1981 | 7.4% |
Apr-1981 | 7.2% |
May-1981 | 7.5% |
Jun-1981 | 7.5% |
Jul-1981 | 7.2% |
Aug-1981 | 7.4% |
Sep-1981 | 7.6% |
Oct-1981 | 7.9% |
Nov-1981 | 8.3% |
Dec-1981 | 8.5% |
Jan-1982 | 8.6% |
Feb-1982 | 8.9% |
Mar-1982 | 9.0% |
Apr-1982 | 9.3% |
May-1982 | 9.4% |
Jun-1982 | 9.6% |
Jul-1982 | 9.8% |
Aug-1982 | 9.8% |
Sep-1982 | 10.1% |
Oct-1982 | 10.4% |
Nov-1982 | 10.8% |
Dec-1982 | 10.8% |
Jan-1983 | 10.4% |
Feb-1983 | 10.4% |
Mar-1983 | 10.3% |
Apr-1983 | 10.2% |
May-1983 | 10.1% |
Jun-1983 | 10.1% |
Jul-1983 | 9.4% |
Aug-1983 | 9.5% |
Sep-1983 | 9.2% |
Oct-1983 | 8.8% |
Nov-1983 | 8.5% |
Dec-1983 | 8.3% |
Jan-1984 | 8.0% |
Feb-1984 | 7.8% |
Mar-1984 | 7.8% |
Apr-1984 | 7.7% |
May-1984 | 7.4% |
Jun-1984 | 7.2% |
Jul-1984 | 7.5% |
Aug-1984 | 7.5% |
Sep-1984 | 7.3% |
Oct-1984 | 7.4% |
Nov-1984 | 7.2% |
Dec-1984 | 7.3% |
Jan-1985 | 7.3% |
Feb-1985 | 7.2% |
Mar-1985 | 7.2% |
Apr-1985 | 7.3% |
May-1985 | 7.2% |
Jun-1985 | 7.4% |
Jul-1985 | 7.4% |
Aug-1985 | 7.1% |
Sep-1985 | 7.1% |
Oct-1985 | 7.1% |
Nov-1985 | 7.0% |
Dec-1985 | 7.0% |
Jan-1986 | 6.7% |
Feb-1986 | 7.2% |
Mar-1986 | 7.2% |
Apr-1986 | 7.1% |
May-1986 | 7.2% |
Jun-1986 | 7.2% |
Jul-1986 | 7.0% |
Aug-1986 | 6.9% |
Sep-1986 | 7.0% |
Oct-1986 | 7.0% |
Nov-1986 | 6.9% |
Dec-1986 | 6.6% |
Jan-1987 | 6.6% |
Feb-1987 | 6.6% |
Mar-1987 | 6.6% |
Apr-1987 | 6.3% |
May-1987 | 6.3% |
Jun-1987 | 6.2% |
Jul-1987 | 6.1% |
Aug-1987 | 6.0% |
Sep-1987 | 5.9% |
Oct-1987 | 6.0% |
Nov-1987 | 5.8% |
Dec-1987 | 5.7% |
Jan-1988 | 5.7% |
Feb-1988 | 5.7% |
Mar-1988 | 5.7% |
Apr-1988 | 5.4% |
May-1988 | 5.6% |
Jun-1988 | 5.4% |
Jul-1988 | 5.4% |
Aug-1988 | 5.6% |
Sep-1988 | 5.4% |
Oct-1988 | 5.4% |
Nov-1988 | 5.3% |
Dec-1988 | 5.3% |
Jan-1989 | 5.4% |
Feb-1989 | 5.2% |
Mar-1989 | 5.0% |
Apr-1989 | 5.2% |
May-1989 | 5.2% |
Jun-1989 | 5.3% |
Jul-1989 | 5.2% |
Aug-1989 | 5.2% |
Sep-1989 | 5.3% |
Oct-1989 | 5.3% |
Nov-1989 | 5.4% |
Dec-1989 | 5.4% |
Jan-1990 | 5.4% |
Feb-1990 | 5.3% |
Mar-1990 | 5.2% |
Apr-1990 | 5.4% |
May-1990 | 5.4% |
Jun-1990 | 5.2% |
Jul-1990 | 5.5% |
Aug-1990 | 5.7% |
Sep-1990 | 5.9% |
Oct-1990 | 5.9% |
Nov-1990 | 6.2% |
Dec-1990 | 6.3% |
Jan-1991 | 6.4% |
Feb-1991 | 6.6% |
Mar-1991 | 6.8% |
Apr-1991 | 6.7% |
May-1991 | 6.9% |
Jun-1991 | 6.9% |
Jul-1991 | 6.8% |
Aug-1991 | 6.9% |
Sep-1991 | 6.9% |
Oct-1991 | 7.0% |
Nov-1991 | 7.0% |
Dec-1991 | 7.3% |
Jan-1992 | 7.3% |
Feb-1992 | 7.4% |
Mar-1992 | 7.4% |
Apr-1992 | 7.4% |
May-1992 | 7.6% |
Jun-1992 | 7.8% |
Jul-1992 | 7.7% |
Aug-1992 | 7.6% |
Sep-1992 | 7.6% |
Oct-1992 | 7.3% |
Nov-1992 | 7.4% |
Dec-1992 | 7.4% |
Jan-1993 | 7.3% |
Feb-1993 | 7.1% |
Mar-1993 | 7.0% |
Apr-1993 | 7.1% |
May-1993 | 7.1% |
Jun-1993 | 7.0% |
Jul-1993 | 6.9% |
Aug-1993 | 6.8% |
Sep-1993 | 6.7% |
Oct-1993 | 6.8% |
Nov-1993 | 6.6% |
Dec-1993 | 6.5% |
Jan-1994 | 6.6% |
Feb-1994 | 6.6% |
Mar-1994 | 6.5% |
Apr-1994 | 6.4% |
May-1994 | 6.1% |
Jun-1994 | 6.1% |
Jul-1994 | 6.1% |
Aug-1994 | 6.0% |
Sep-1994 | 5.9% |
Oct-1994 | 5.8% |
Nov-1994 | 5.6% |
Dec-1994 | 5.5% |
Jan-1995 | 5.6% |
Feb-1995 | 5.4% |
Mar-1995 | 5.4% |
Apr-1995 | 5.8% |
May-1995 | 5.6% |
Jun-1995 | 5.6% |
Jul-1995 | 5.7% |
Aug-1995 | 5.7% |
Sep-1995 | 5.6% |
Oct-1995 | 5.5% |
Nov-1995 | 5.6% |
Dec-1995 | 5.6% |
Jan-1996 | 5.6% |
Feb-1996 | 5.5% |
Mar-1996 | 5.5% |
Apr-1996 | 5.6% |
May-1996 | 5.6% |
Jun-1996 | 5.3% |
Jul-1996 | 5.5% |
Aug-1996 | 5.1% |
Sep-1996 | 5.2% |
Oct-1996 | 5.2% |
Nov-1996 | 5.4% |
Dec-1996 | 5.4% |
Jan-1997 | 5.3% |
Feb-1997 | 5.2% |
Mar-1997 | 5.2% |
Apr-1997 | 5.1% |
May-1997 | 4.9% |
Jun-1997 | 5.0% |
Jul-1997 | 4.9% |
Aug-1997 | 4.8% |
Sep-1997 | 4.9% |
Oct-1997 | 4.7% |
Nov-1997 | 4.6% |
Dec-1997 | 4.7% |
Jan-1998 | 4.6% |
Feb-1998 | 4.6% |
Mar-1998 | 4.7% |
Apr-1998 | 4.3% |
May-1998 | 4.4% |
Jun-1998 | 4.5% |
Jul-1998 | 4.5% |
Aug-1998 | 4.5% |
Sep-1998 | 4.6% |
Oct-1998 | 4.5% |
Nov-1998 | 4.4% |
Dec-1998 | 4.4% |
Jan-1999 | 4.3% |
Feb-1999 | 4.4% |
Mar-1999 | 4.2% |
Apr-1999 | 4.3% |
May-1999 | 4.2% |
Jun-1999 | 4.3% |
Jul-1999 | 4.3% |
Aug-1999 | 4.2% |
Sep-1999 | 4.2% |
Oct-1999 | 4.1% |
Nov-1999 | 4.1% |
Dec-1999 | 4.0% |
Jan-2000 | 4.0% |
Feb-2000 | 4.1% |
Mar-2000 | 4.0% |
Apr-2000 | 3.8% |
May-2000 | 4.0% |
Jun-2000 | 4.0% |
Jul-2000 | 4.0% |
Aug-2000 | 4.1% |
Sep-2000 | 3.9% |
Oct-2000 | 3.9% |
Nov-2000 | 3.9% |
Dec-2000 | 3.9% |
Jan-2001 | 4.2% |
Feb-2001 | 4.2% |
Mar-2001 | 4.3% |
Apr-2001 | 4.4% |
May-2001 | 4.3% |
Jun-2001 | 4.5% |
Jul-2001 | 4.6% |
Aug-2001 | 4.9% |
Sep-2001 | 5.0% |
Oct-2001 | 5.3% |
Nov-2001 | 5.5% |
Dec-2001 | 5.7% |
Jan-2002 | 5.7% |
Feb-2002 | 5.7% |
Mar-2002 | 5.7% |
Apr-2002 | 5.9% |
May-2002 | 5.8% |
Jun-2002 | 5.8% |
Jul-2002 | 5.8% |
Aug-2002 | 5.7% |
Sep-2002 | 5.7% |
Oct-2002 | 5.7% |
Nov-2002 | 5.9% |
Dec-2002 | 6.0% |
Jan-2003 | 5.8% |
Feb-2003 | 5.9% |
Mar-2003 | 5.9% |
Apr-2003 | 6.0% |
May-2003 | 6.1% |
Jun-2003 | 6.3% |
Jul-2003 | 6.2% |
Aug-2003 | 6.1% |
Sep-2003 | 6.1% |
Oct-2003 | 6.0% |
Nov-2003 | 5.8% |
Dec-2003 | 5.7% |
Jan-2004 | 5.7% |
Feb-2004 | 5.6% |
Mar-2004 | 5.8% |
Apr-2004 | 5.6% |
May-2004 | 5.6% |
Jun-2004 | 5.6% |
Jul-2004 | 5.5% |
Aug-2004 | 5.4% |
Sep-2004 | 5.4% |
Oct-2004 | 5.5% |
Nov-2004 | 5.4% |
Dec-2004 | 5.4% |
Jan-2005 | 5.3% |
Feb-2005 | 5.4% |
Mar-2005 | 5.2% |
Apr-2005 | 5.2% |
May-2005 | 5.1% |
Jun-2005 | 5.0% |
Jul-2005 | 5.0% |
Aug-2005 | 4.9% |
Sep-2005 | 5.0% |
Oct-2005 | 5.0% |
Nov-2005 | 5.0% |
Dec-2005 | 4.9% |
Jan-2006 | 4.7% |
Feb-2006 | 4.8% |
Mar-2006 | 4.7% |
Apr-2006 | 4.7% |
May-2006 | 4.6% |
Jun-2006 | 4.6% |
Jul-2006 | 4.7% |
Aug-2006 | 4.7% |
Sep-2006 | 4.5% |
Oct-2006 | 4.4% |
Nov-2006 | 4.5% |
Dec-2006 | 4.4% |
Jan-2007 | 4.6% |
Feb-2007 | 4.5% |
Mar-2007 | 4.4% |
Apr-2007 | 4.5% |
May-2007 | 4.4% |
Jun-2007 | 4.6% |
Jul-2007 | 4.7% |
Aug-2007 | 4.6% |
Sep-2007 | 4.7% |
Oct-2007 | 4.7% |
Nov-2007 | 4.7% |
Dec-2007 | 5.0% |
Jan-2008 | 5.0% |
Feb-2008 | 4.9% |
Mar-2008 | 5.1% |
Apr-2008 | 5.0% |
May-2008 | 5.4% |
Jun-2008 | 5.6% |
Jul-2008 | 5.8% |
Aug-2008 | 6.1% |
Sep-2008 | 6.1% |
Oct-2008 | 6.5% |
Nov-2008 | 6.8% |
Dec-2008 | 7.3% |
Jan-2009 | 7.8% |
Feb-2009 | 8.3% |
Mar-2009 | 8.7% |
Apr-2009 | 9.0% |
May-2009 | 9.4% |
Jun-2009 | 9.5% |
Jul-2009 | 9.5% |
Aug-2009 | 9.6% |
Sep-2009 | 9.8% |
Oct-2009 | 10.0% |
Nov-2009 | 9.9% |
Dec-2009 | 9.9% |
Jan-2010 | 9.8% |
Feb-2010 | 9.8% |
Mar-2010 | 9.9% |
Apr-2010 | 9.9% |
May-2010 | 9.6% |
Jun-2010 | 9.4% |
Jul-2010 | 9.4% |
Aug-2010 | 9.5% |
Sep-2010 | 9.5% |
Oct-2010 | 9.4% |
Nov-2010 | 9.8% |
Dec-2010 | 9.3% |
Jan-2011 | 9.1% |
Feb-2011 | 9.0% |
Mar-2011 | 9.0% |
Apr-2011 | 9.1% |
May-2011 | 9.0% |
Jun-2011 | 9.1% |
Jul-2011 | 9.0% |
Aug-2011 | 9.0% |
Sep-2011 | 9.0% |
Oct-2011 | 8.8% |
Nov-2011 | 8.6% |
Dec-2011 | 8.5% |
Jan-2012 | 8.3% |
Feb-2012 | 8.3% |
Mar-2012 | 8.2% |
Apr-2012 | 8.2% |
May-2012 | 8.2% |
Jun-2012 | 8.2% |
Jul-2012 | 8.2% |
Aug-2012 | 8.1% |
Sep-2012 | 7.8% |
Oct-2012 | 7.8% |
Nov-2012 | 7.7% |
Dec-2012 | 7.9% |
Jan-2013 | 8.0% |
Feb-2013 | 7.7% |
Mar-2013 | 7.5% |
Apr-2013 | 7.6% |
May-2013 | 7.5% |
Jun-2013 | 7.5% |
Jul-2013 | 7.3% |
Aug-2013 | 7.2% |
Sep-2013 | 7.2% |
Oct-2013 | 7.2% |
Nov-2013 | 6.9% |
Dec-2013 | 6.7% |
Jan-2014 | 6.6% |
Feb-2014 | 6.7% |
Mar-2014 | 6.7% |
Apr-2014 | 6.2% |
May-2014 | 6.3% |
Jun-2014 | 6.1% |
Jul-2014 | 6.2% |
Aug-2014 | 6.1% |
Sep-2014 | 5.9% |
Oct-2014 | 5.7% |
Nov-2014 | 5.8% |
Dec-2014 | 5.6% |
Jan-2015 | 5.7% |
Feb-2015 | 5.5% |
Mar-2015 | 5.4% |
Apr-2015 | 5.4% |
May-2015 | 5.6% |
Jun-2015 | 5.3% |
Jul-2015 | 5.2% |
Aug-2015 | 5.1% |
Sep-2015 | 5.0% |
Oct-2015 | 5.0% |
Nov-2015 | 5.1% |
Dec-2015 | 5.0% |
Jan-2016 | 4.8% |
Feb-2016 | 4.9% |
Mar-2016 | 5.0% |
Apr-2016 | 5.1% |
May-2016 | 4.8% |
Jun-2016 | 4.9% |
Jul-2016 | 4.8% |
Aug-2016 | 4.9% |
Sep-2016 | 5.0% |
Oct-2016 | 4.9% |
Nov-2016 | 4.7% |
Dec-2016 | 4.7% |
Jan-2017 | 4.7% |
Feb-2017 | 4.6% |
Mar-2017 | 4.4% |
Apr-2017 | 4.4% |
May-2017 | 4.4% |
Jun-2017 | 4.3% |
Jul-2017 | 4.3% |
Aug-2017 | 4.4% |
Sep-2017 | 4.3% |
Oct-2017 | 4.2% |
Nov-2017 | 4.2% |
Dec-2017 | 4.1% |
Jan-2018 | 4.0% |
Feb-2018 | 4.1% |
Mar-2018 | 4.0% |
Apr-2018 | 4.0% |
May-2018 | 3.8% |
Jun-2018 | 4.0% |
Jul-2018 | 3.8% |
Aug-2018 | 3.8% |
Sep-2018 | 3.7% |
Oct-2018 | 3.8% |
Nov-2018 | 3.8% |
Dec-2018 | 3.9% |
Jan-2019 | 4.0% |
Feb-2019 | 3.8% |
Mar-2019 | 3.8% |
Apr-2019 | 3.7% |
May-2019 | 3.6% |
Jun-2019 | 3.6% |
Jul-2019 | 3.7% |
Aug-2019 | 3.6% |
Sep-2019 | 3.5% |
Oct-2019 | 3.6% |
Nov-2019 | 3.6% |
Dec-2019 | 3.6% |
Jan-2020 | 3.6% |
Feb-2020 | 3.5% |
Mar-2020 | 4.4% |
Apr-2020 | 14.8% |
May-2020 | 13.2% |
Jun-2020 | 11.0% |
Jul-2020 | 10.2% |
Aug-2020 | 8.4% |
Sep-2020 | 7.8% |
Oct-2020 | 6.9% |
Nov-2020 | 6.7% |
Dec-2020 | 6.7% |
Jan-2021 | 6.4% |
Feb-2021 | 6.2% |
Mar-2021 | 6.1% |
Apr-2021 | 6.1% |
May-2021 | 5.8% |
Jun-2021 | 5.9% |
Jul-2021 | 5.4% |
Aug-2021 | 5.1% |
Sep-2021 | 4.7% |
Oct-2021 | 4.5% |
Nov-2021 | 4.2% |
Dec-2021 | 3.9% |
Jan-2022 | 4.0% |
Feb-2022 | 3.8% |
Mar-2022 | 3.7% |
Apr-2022 | 3.7% |
May-2022 | 3.6% |
Jun-2022 | 3.6% |
Jul-2022 | 3.5% |
Aug-2022 | 3.6% |
Sep-2022 | 3.5% |
Oct-2022 | 3.6% |
Nov-2022 | 3.6% |
Dec-2022 | 3.5% |
Jan-2023 | 3.5% |
Feb-2023 | 3.6% |
Mar-2023 | 3.5% |
Apr-2023 | 3.4% |
May-2023 | 3.6% |
Jun-2023 | 3.6% |
Jul-2023 | 3.5% |
Aug-2023 | 3.7% |
Sep-2023 | 3.8% |
Oct-2023 | 3.9% |
Nov-2023 | 3.7% |
Dec-2023 | 3.8% |
Jan-2024 | 3.7% |
Feb-2024 | 3.9% |
Mar-2024 | 3.9% |
Apr-2024 | 3.9% |
May-2024 | 4.0% |
Jun-2024 | 4.1% |
Jul-2024 | 4.2% |
Aug-2024 | 4.2% |
Sep-2024 | 4.1% |
Oct-2024 | 4.1% |
Nov-2024 | 4.2% |
Dec-2024 | 4.1% |
Jan-2025 | 4.0% |
Feb-2025 | 4.1% |
Mar-2025 | 4.2% |
Apr-2025 | 4.2% |
May-2025 | 4.2% |
Note: Shaded areas denote recessions.
Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics' Current Population Survey.
Unemployment rate by race and ethnicity, 1995–2025
Date | White | Black | Hispanic | AAPI |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan-1995 | 4.8 | 10.3 | 10.2 | |
Feb-1995 | 4.7 | 10.1 | 9 | |
Mar-1995 | 4.7 | 9.7 | 8.9 | |
Apr-1995 | 5 | 10.7 | 8.9 | |
May-1995 | 5 | 10 | 9.8 | |
Jun-1995 | 4.9 | 10.7 | 9.1 | |
Jul-1995 | 4.9 | 10.9 | 8.8 | |
Aug-1995 | 4.9 | 11.1 | 9.6 | |
Sep-1995 | 4.9 | 11.1 | 9.1 | |
Oct-1995 | 4.9 | 10 | 9.4 | |
Nov-1995 | 5 | 9.7 | 9.5 | |
Dec-1995 | 4.9 | 10.2 | 9.3 | |
Jan-1996 | 4.9 | 10.6 | 9.4 | |
Feb-1996 | 4.8 | 10 | 9.6 | |
Mar-1996 | 4.8 | 10.6 | 9.6 | |
Apr-1996 | 4.8 | 10.7 | 9.6 | |
May-1996 | 4.9 | 10.2 | 9.6 | |
Jun-1996 | 4.6 | 10.4 | 8.8 | |
Jul-1996 | 4.7 | 10.6 | 8.8 | |
Aug-1996 | 4.4 | 10.6 | 8.8 | |
Sep-1996 | 4.5 | 10.6 | 8.2 | |
Oct-1996 | 4.5 | 10.7 | 8 | |
Nov-1996 | 4.6 | 10.6 | 8.5 | |
Dec-1996 | 4.6 | 10.5 | 7.4 | |
Jan-1997 | 4.5 | 10.8 | 8.4 | |
Feb-1997 | 4.5 | 10.7 | 8.2 | |
Mar-1997 | 4.4 | 10.5 | 8.3 | |
Apr-1997 | 4.3 | 10.2 | 8.2 | |
May-1997 | 4.1 | 10.3 | 7.7 | |
Jun-1997 | 4.2 | 10.8 | 7.5 | |
Jul-1997 | 4.2 | 9.5 | 7.9 | |
Aug-1997 | 4.2 | 9.4 | 7.2 | |
Sep-1997 | 4.2 | 9.5 | 7.4 | |
Oct-1997 | 4.1 | 9.5 | 7.8 | |
Nov-1997 | 3.9 | 9.5 | 7 | |
Dec-1997 | 3.9 | 10 | 7.3 | |
Jan-1998 | 4 | 9.4 | 7.1 | |
Feb-1998 | 3.9 | 9.3 | 6.9 | |
Mar-1998 | 4 | 9.2 | 6.9 | |
Apr-1998 | 3.7 | 9.1 | 6.7 | |
May-1998 | 3.8 | 8.9 | 6.9 | |
Jun-1998 | 3.9 | 8.8 | 7.4 | |
Jul-1998 | 3.8 | 9.5 | 7.3 | |
Aug-1998 | 3.9 | 8.8 | 7.4 | |
Sep-1998 | 3.9 | 9.1 | 7.3 | |
Oct-1998 | 3.9 | 8.6 | 7.2 | |
Nov-1998 | 3.8 | 8.6 | 7.1 | |
Dec-1998 | 3.8 | 7.7 | 7.7 | |
Jan-1999 | 3.8 | 7.8 | 6.7 | |
Feb-1999 | 3.8 | 8.2 | 6.7 | |
Mar-1999 | 3.6 | 8 | 5.8 | |
Apr-1999 | 3.8 | 7.8 | 7 | |
May-1999 | 3.7 | 7.4 | 6.7 | |
Jun-1999 | 3.8 | 7.7 | 6.6 | |
Jul-1999 | 3.7 | 8.7 | 6.5 | |
Aug-1999 | 3.7 | 7.7 | 6.5 | |
Sep-1999 | 3.6 | 8.5 | 6.7 | |
Oct-1999 | 3.5 | 8.4 | 6.4 | |
Nov-1999 | 3.5 | 8 | 6 | |
Dec-1999 | 3.5 | 7.8 | 5.8 | |
Jan-2000 | 3.4 | 8.2 | 5.6 | |
Feb-2000 | 3.6 | 8.1 | 5.7 | |
Mar-2000 | 3.5 | 7.4 | 6.1 | |
Apr-2000 | 3.4 | 7% | 5.5 | |
May-2000 | 3.5 | 7.7 | 5.8 | |
Jun-2000 | 3.4 | 7.8 | 5.6 | |
Jul-2000 | 3.5 | 7.7 | 5.8 | |
Aug-2000 | 3.6 | 7.9 | 5.9 | |
Sep-2000 | 3.5 | 7.3 | 5.8 | |
Oct-2000 | 3.4% | 7.3 | 5.1 | |
Nov-2000 | 3.5 | 7.3 | 6 | |
Dec-2000 | 3.5 | 7.4 | 5.7 | |
Jan-2001 | 3.6 | 8.2 | 5.8 | |
Feb-2001 | 3.7 | 7.7 | 6.1 | |
Mar-2001 | 3.7 | 8.3 | 6.2 | |
Apr-2001 | 3.9 | 8 | 6.4 | |
May-2001 | 3.8 | 7.9 | 6.3 | |
Jun-2001 | 4 | 8.3 | 6.6 | |
Jul-2001 | 4 | 8 | 6.2 | |
Aug-2001 | 4.3 | 9.1 | 6.5 | |
Sep-2001 | 4.3 | 8.9 | 6.7 | |
Oct-2001 | 4.7 | 9.5 | 7.1 | |
Nov-2001 | 4.9 | 9.8 | 7.3 | |
Dec-2001 | 5.1 | 10.1 | 7.7 | |
Jan-2002 | 5.1 | 10 | 7.8 | |
Feb-2002 | 5 | 9.9 | 7 | |
Mar-2002 | 5 | 10.5 | 7.5 | |
Apr-2002 | 5.2 | 10.7 | 8 | |
May-2002 | 5.1 | 10.2 | 7.1 | |
Jun-2002 | 5.1 | 10.5 | 7.4 | |
Jul-2002 | 5.2 | 9.8 | 7.4 | |
Aug-2002 | 5.1 | 9.8 | 7.5 | |
Sep-2002 | 5.1 | 9.7 | 7.4 | |
Oct-2002 | 5.1 | 9.8 | 7.9 | |
Nov-2002 | 5.1 | 10.7 | 7.8 | |
Dec-2002 | 5.1 | 11.3 | 7.9 | |
Jan-2003 | 5.2 | 10.5 | 7.9 | 5.5 |
Feb-2003 | 5.1 | 10.7 | 7.7 | 5.8 |
Mar-2003 | 5.1 | 10.3 | 7.8 | 6.5 |
Apr-2003 | 5.3 | 10.9 | 7.6 | 6 |
May-2003 | 5.4 | 10.9 | 8 | 5.5 |
Jun-2003 | 5.5 | 11.5 | 8.3 | 7.4 |
Jul-2003 | 5.4 | 10.9 | 8 | 5.9 |
Aug-2003 | 5.4 | 10.9 | 7.7 | 6 |
Sep-2003 | 5.3 | 11.1 | 7.3 | 6.4 |
Oct-2003 | 5.1 | 11.4 | 7.5 | 6.2 |
Nov-2003 | 5.2 | 10.2 | 7.4 | 5.2 |
Dec-2003 | 5 | 10.1 | 6.7 | 5.4 |
Jan-2004 | 5 | 10.4 | 7.3 | 5 |
Feb-2004 | 4.9 | 9.7 | 7.4 | 4.5 |
Mar-2004 | 5.1 | 10.3 | 7.6 | 4.3 |
Apr-2004 | 5 | 9.8 | 7.1 | 4.7 |
May-2004 | 4.9 | 10.1 | 6.9 | 4.6 |
Jun-2004 | 5 | 10.2 | 6.6 | 4.6 |
Jul-2004 | 4.7 | 11 | 6.8 | 3.9 |
Aug-2004 | 4.7 | 10.5 | 6.8 | 3.7 |
Sep-2004 | 4.6 | 10.3 | 6.8 | 4.5 |
Oct-2004 | 4.6 | 10.8 | 6.8 | 4.9 |
Nov-2004 | 4.6 | 10.7 | 6.7 | 4.1 |
Dec-2004 | 4.5 | 10.7 | 6.6 | 4.2 |
Jan-2005 | 4.5 | 10.6 | 6 | 4.1 |
Feb-2005 | 4.6 | 10.9 | 6.3 | 4.3 |
Mar-2005 | 4.5 | 10.5 | 5.8 | 3.9 |
Apr-2005 | 4.4 | 10.3 | 6.4 | 4.2 |
May-2005 | 4.4 | 10.1 | 6 | 4.2 |
Jun-2005 | 4.3 | 10.2 | 5.7 | 3.6 |
Jul-2005 | 4.2 | 9.2 | 5.5 | 4.8 |
Aug-2005 | 4.2 | 9.7 | 5.8 | 3.7 |
Sep-2005 | 4.4 | 9.4 | 6.4 | 4.3 |
Oct-2005 | 4.4 | 9.1 | 6 | 3.2 |
Nov-2005 | 4.3 | 10.6 | 6.1 | 3.6 |
Dec-2005 | 4.2 | 9.2 | 6.1 | 3.8 |
Jan-2006 | 4.1 | 8.9 | 5.5 | 3 |
Feb-2006 | 4.1 | 9.5 | 5.4 | 3 |
Mar-2006 | 4 | 9.5 | 5.2 | 3.5 |
Apr-2006 | 4.1 | 9.4 | 5.5 | 3.9 |
May-2006 | 4.1 | 8.7 | 5 | 3.3 |
Jun-2006 | 4.1 | 8.9 | 5.2 | 3.1 |
Jul-2006 | 4.1 | 9.5 | 5.2 | 2.4 |
Aug-2006 | 4.1 | 8.8 | 5.3 | 3 |
Sep-2006 | 3.9 | 9 | 5.5 | 3 |
Oct-2006 | 3.9 | 8.4 | 4.8% | 2.8 |
Nov-2006 | 4 | 8.5 | 5.1 | 3.1 |
Dec-2006 | 3.9 | 8.3 | 5 | 2.5 |
Jan-2007 | 4.2 | 7.9 | 5.5 | 3.1 |
Feb-2007 | 4.1 | 8 | 5.1 | 2.6 |
Mar-2007 | 3.8 | 8.4 | 5 | 3 |
Apr-2007 | 4 | 8.3 | 5.6 | 3.5 |
May-2007 | 3.9 | 8.3 | 5.8 | 3.2 |
Jun-2007 | 4.1 | 8.5 | 5.5 | 2.7 |
Jul-2007 | 4.2 | 8.1 | 5.9 | 2.7 |
Aug-2007 | 4.2 | 7.6 | 5.5 | 3.5 |
Sep-2007 | 4.2 | 8 | 5.9 | 3.4 |
Oct-2007 | 4.1 | 8.5 | 5.7 | 3.8 |
Nov-2007 | 4.2 | 8.5 | 5.9 | 3.6 |
Dec-2007 | 4.4 | 9 | 6.3 | 3.7 |
Jan-2008 | 4.4 | 9.1 | 6.3 | 3.1 |
Feb-2008 | 4.4 | 8.4 | 6.2 | 2.9 |
Mar-2008 | 4.5 | 9.2 | 6.9 | 3.6 |
Apr-2008 | 4.4 | 8.6 | 7.1 | 3.5 |
May-2008 | 4.8 | 9.6 | 6.9 | 4.1 |
Jun-2008 | 5 | 9.4 | 7.6 | 4.2 |
Jul-2008 | 5.2 | 10 | 7.5 | 3.7 |
Aug-2008 | 5.4 | 10.6 | 8 | 4.5 |
Sep-2008 | 5.4 | 11.3 | 8 | 4 |
Oct-2008 | 5.9 | 11.4 | 8.8 | 3.9 |
Nov-2008 | 6.2 | 11.5 | 8.7 | 4.8 |
Dec-2008 | 6.7 | 12.1 | 9.4 | 5.1 |
Jan-2009 | 7.1 | 12.7 | 10.1 | 6.1 |
Feb-2009 | 7.6 | 13.7 | 11.3 | 6.7 |
Mar-2009 | 8 | 13.7 | 11.7 | 6.5 |
Apr-2009 | 8.1 | 15 | 11.4 | 6.8 |
May-2009 | 8.5 | 15 | 12.3 | 7 |
Jun-2009 | 8.7 | 14.8 | 12.1 | 7.9 |
Jul-2009 | 8.7 | 14.8 | 12.5 | 8.1 |
Aug-2009 | 8.9 | 16.8% | 13 | 7.6 |
Sep-2009 | 8.9 | 15.3 | 12.6 | 7.6 |
Oct-2009 | 9.2 | 15.8 | 12.8 | 7.6 |
Nov-2009 | 9.2% | 15.7 | 12.4 | 7.2 |
Dec-2009 | 9 | 16.1 | 12.8 | 8.4 |
Jan-2010 | 8.8 | 16.5 | 12.9 | 8.3 |
Feb-2010 | 8.9 | 16.1 | 12.7 | 8.2 |
Mar-2010 | 8.9 | 16.8 | 13% | 7.6 |
Apr-2010 | 9 | 16.6 | 12.5 | 7 |
May-2010 | 8.7 | 15.5 | 12 | 7.8 |
Jun-2010 | 8.6 | 15.2 | 12.3 | 7.4 |
Jul-2010 | 8.5 | 15.6 | 12.2 | 7.9 |
Aug-2010 | 8.6 | 15.9 | 12 | 7.3 |
Sep-2010 | 8.6 | 16 | 12.3 | 6.6 |
Oct-2010 | 8.6 | 15.6 | 12.3 | 7.2 |
Nov-2010 | 8.9 | 16.2 | 12.9 | 7.5 |
Dec-2010 | 8.5 | 15.5 | 12.9 | 7.2 |
Jan-2011 | 8.1 | 15.8 | 12.3 | 6.8 |
Feb-2011 | 8.1 | 15.5 | 11.8 | 6.7 |
Mar-2011 | 8 | 15.8 | 11.6 | 7.3 |
Apr-2011 | 8.1 | 16.5 | 11.9 | 6.5 |
May-2011 | 7.9 | 16.3 | 11.6 | 7.2 |
Jun-2011 | 8.1 | 16.2 | 11.5 | 6.5 |
Jul-2011 | 8 | 15.9 | 11.2 | 7.4 |
Aug-2011 | 7.9 | 16.4 | 11.2 | 7.2 |
Sep-2011 | 7.9 | 15.9 | 11.2 | 8 |
Oct-2011 | 7.9 | 14.6 | 11.3 | 7.4 |
Nov-2011 | 7.7 | 15.6 | 11.2 | 6.4 |
Dec-2011 | 7.5 | 15.4 | 11.1 | 6.8 |
Jan-2012 | 7.4 | 13.6 | 10.7 | 6.7 |
Feb-2012 | 7.4 | 14 | 10.9 | 6.2 |
Mar-2012 | 7.3 | 14 | 10.6 | 6.4 |
Apr-2012 | 7.4 | 13.3 | 10.3 | 5.4 |
May-2012 | 7.4 | 13.5 | 10.9 | 5.5 |
Jun-2012 | 7.3 | 14.5 | 10.9 | 6.1 |
Jul-2012 | 7.3 | 14.2 | 10.2 | 5.9 |
Aug-2012 | 7.2 | 13.8 | 10.1 | 5.9 |
Sep-2012 | 7 | 13.6 | 9.7 | 4.9 |
Oct-2012 | 6.9 | 14.1 | 10 | 4.9 |
Nov-2012 | 6.8 | 13.3 | 9.9 | 6.3 |
Dec-2012 | 6.9 | 14 | 9.6 | 6.6 |
Jan-2013 | 7.1 | 13.7 | 9.7 | 6.4 |
Feb-2013 | 6.8 | 13.8 | 9.7 | 6 |
Mar-2013 | 6.7 | 13 | 9.3 | 5.1 |
Apr-2013 | 6.7 | 13.3 | 9 | 5.3 |
May-2013 | 6.7 | 13.4 | 9 | 4.5 |
Jun-2013 | 6.6 | 14.2 | 9.1 | 4.7 |
Jul-2013 | 6.5 | 12.6 | 9.4 | 5.3 |
Aug-2013 | 6.4 | 12.8 | 9.2 | 5.1 |
Sep-2013 | 6.3 | 13 | 8.8 | 5.4 |
Oct-2013 | 6.3 | 12.8 | 9.1 | 5.4 |
Nov-2013 | 6.1 | 12.3 | 8.7 | 5.2 |
Dec-2013 | 5.9 | 11.9 | 8.3 | 4.3 |
Jan-2014 | 5.7 | 12.1 | 8.3 | 4.7 |
Feb-2014 | 5.8 | 11.8 | 8.2 | 5.9 |
Mar-2014 | 5.8 | 12.1 | 7.9 | 5.5 |
Apr-2014 | 5.3 | 11.6 | 7.2 | 5.9 |
May-2014 | 5.4 | 11.4 | 7.7 | 5.7 |
Jun-2014 | 5.3 | 11 | 7.8 | 4.7 |
Jul-2014 | 5.3 | 11.6 | 7.7 | 4.2 |
Aug-2014 | 5.3 | 11.4 | 7.4 | 4.5 |
Sep-2014 | 5.1 | 11 | 6.8 | 4.4 |
Oct-2014 | 4.9 | 10.6 | 6.8 | 5.1 |
Nov-2014 | 5 | 10.9 | 6.6 | 4.8 |
Dec-2014 | 4.7 | 10.6 | 6.4 | 4.4 |
Jan-2015 | 4.9 | 10.3 | 6.7 | 4 |
Feb-2015 | 4.7 | 10.1 | 6.8 | 4 |
Mar-2015 | 4.8 | 9.9 | 6.8 | 3.2 |
Apr-2015 | 4.7 | 9.7 | 6.8 | 4.4 |
May-2015 | 4.8 | 10.3 | 6.8 | 4.1 |
Jun-2015 | 4.6 | 9.7 | 6.7 | 3.9 |
Jul-2015 | 4.5 | 9.1 | 6.9 | 3.9 |
Aug-2015 | 4.4 | 9.4 | 6.6 | 3.4 |
Sep-2015 | 4.4 | 9.3 | 6.2 | 3.5 |
Oct-2015 | 4.4 | 9 | 6.3 | 3.5 |
Nov-2015 | 4.4 | 9.4 | 6.4 | 3.9 |
Dec-2015 | 4.4 | 8.5 | 6.2 | 4.1 |
Jan-2016 | 4.2 | 8.5 | 5.9 | 3.6 |
Feb-2016 | 4.2 | 8.6 | 5.5 | 3.8 |
Mar-2016 | 4.3 | 8.9 | 5.6 | 3.9 |
Apr-2016 | 4.4 | 8.8 | 6.2 | 3.8 |
May-2016 | 4.2 | 8.2 | 5.7 | 4.1 |
Jun-2016 | 4.3 | 8.7 | 6 | 3.6 |
Jul-2016 | 4.2 | 8.2 | 5.4 | 3.8 |
Aug-2016 | 4.4 | 8 | 5.6 | 4.1 |
Sep-2016 | 4.4 | 8.5 | 6.2 | 3.8 |
Oct-2016 | 4.4 | 8.5 | 5.7 | 3.4 |
Nov-2016 | 4.2 | 8.2 | 5.6 | 3.1 |
Dec-2016 | 4.2 | 8 | 5.8 | 2.7 |
Jan-2017 | 4.2 | 7.4 | 5.8 | 3.7 |
Feb-2017 | 4 | 8 | 5.6 | 3.4 |
Mar-2017 | 3.9 | 7.9 | 5 | 3.3 |
Apr-2017 | 3.9 | 7.8 | 5.2 | 3.3 |
May-2017 | 3.8 | 7.6 | 5.2 | 3.6 |
Jun-2017 | 3.8 | 7.1 | 5 | 3.7 |
Jul-2017 | 3.7 | 7.2 | 5.1 | 3.8 |
Aug-2017 | 3.9 | 7.5 | 5.1 | 3.9 |
Sep-2017 | 3.7 | 7.2 | 5.1 | 3.6 |
Oct-2017 | 3.6 | 7.6 | 5 | 3 |
Nov-2017 | 3.7 | 7.5 | 4.9 | 3 |
Dec-2017 | 3.7 | 6.9 | 5 | 2.5 |
Jan-2018 | 3.5 | 7.5 | 4.9 | 3 |
Feb-2018 | 3.6 | 6.8 | 4.9 | 2.9 |
Mar-2018 | 3.5 | 6.6 | 4.9 | 3.1 |
Apr-2018 | 3.6 | 6.5 | 4.8 | 2.9 |
May-2018 | 3.5 | 5.8 | 4.8 | 2.2 |
Jun-2018 | 3.5 | 6.5 | 4.6 | 3.3 |
Jul-2018 | 3.3 | 6.4 | 4.5 | 3.1 |
Aug-2018 | 3.4 | 6.2 | 4.7 | 2.9 |
Sep-2018 | 3.3 | 6.2 | 4.6 | 3.5 |
Oct-2018 | 3.3 | 6.4 | 4.4 | 3.1 |
Nov-2018 | 3.4 | 6.2 | 4.6 | 2.8 |
Dec-2018 | 3.4 | 6.8 | 4.5 | 3.3 |
Jan-2019 | 3.5 | 6.9 | 4.8 | 3 |
Feb-2019 | 3.2 | 7 | 4.3 | 3.1 |
Mar-2019 | 3.3 | 6.5 | 4.5 | 3.1 |
Apr-2019 | 3.2 | 6.6 | 4.1 | 2.3 |
May-2019 | 3.3 | 6.1 | 4.1 | 2.5 |
Jun-2019 | 3.3 | 6 | 4.3 | 2.2 |
Jul-2019 | 3.3 | 5.6 | 4.4 | 2.8 |
Aug-2019 | 3.4 | 5.2 | 4.2 | 2.8 |
Sep-2019 | 3.2 | 5.4 | 4 | 2.5 |
Oct-2019 | 3.3 | 5.6 | 4.2 | 2.9 |
Nov-2019 | 3.3 | 5.7 | 4.3 | 2.6 |
Dec-2019 | 3.1 | 6.2 | 4.3 | 2.6 |
Jan-2020 | 3 | 6.1 | 4.3 | 3.1 |
Feb-2020 | 3 | 6 | 4.4 | 2.4 |
Mar-2020 | 3.9 | 6.8 | 6 | 4.1 |
Apr-2020 | 14.1 | 16.7 | 18.9 | 14.5 |
May-2020 | 12.3 | 16.7 | 17.6 | 14.9 |
Jun-2020 | 10.1 | 15.3 | 14.5 | 13.9 |
Jul-2020 | 9.2 | 14.4 | 12.7 | 11.9 |
Aug-2020 | 7.4 | 12.8 | 10.5 | 10.6 |
Sep-2020 | 7 | 12 | 10.3 | 8.8 |
Oct-2020 | 6 | 10.8 | 8.8 | 7.6 |
Nov-2020 | 5.9 | 10.3 | 8.4 | 6.7 |
Dec-2020 | 6 | 9.9 | 9.3 | 5.9 |
Jan-2021 | 5.7 | 9.2 | 8.6 | 6.6 |
Feb-2021 | 5.6 | 9.9 | 8.5 | 5.1 |
Mar-2021 | 5.4 | 9.6 | 7.9 | 6 |
Apr-2021 | 5.3 | 9.7 | 7.9 | 5.7 |
May-2021 | 5.1 | 9.1 | 7.3 | 5.5 |
Jun-2021 | 5.2 | 9.2 | 7.4 | 5.8 |
Jul-2021 | 4.8 | 8.2 | 6.6 | 5.3 |
Aug-2021 | 4.5 | 8.8 | 6.4 | 4.6 |
Sep-2021 | 4.2 | 7.9 | 6.3 | 4.2 |
Oct-2021 | 4 | 7.9 | 5.9 | 4.2 |
Nov-2021 | 3.7 | 6.5 | 5.2 | 3.9 |
Dec-2021 | 3.2 | 7.1 | 4.9 | 3.8 |
Jan-2022 | 3.4 | 6.9 | 4.9 | 3.6 |
Feb-2022 | 3.3 | 6.6 | 4.4 | 3.1 |
Mar-2022 | 3.2 | 6.2 | 4.2 | 2.8 |
Apr-2022 | 3.2 | 5.9 | 4.1 | 3.1 |
May-2022 | 3.2 | 6.2 | 4.3 | 2.4 |
Jun-2022 | 3.3 | 5.8 | 4.3 | 3 |
Jul-2022 | 3.1 | 6.0 | 3.9 | 2.6 |
Aug-2022 | 3.2% | 6.4 | 4.5 | 2.8 |
Sep-2022 | 3.1% | 5.8% | 3.8% | 2.5% |
Oct-2022 | 3.3% | 5.9% | 4.2% | 2.9% |
Nov-2022 | 3.3% | 5.7% | 4.0% | 2.6% |
Dec-2022 | 3.0% | 5.7% | 4.1% | 2.4% |
Jan-2023 | 3.1% | 5.4% | 4.5% | 2.8% |
Feb-2023 | 3.2% | 5.7% | 5.3% | 3.4% |
Mar-2023 | 3.2% | 5.0% | 4.6% | 2.8% |
Apr-2023 | 3.1% | 4.7% | 4.4% | 2.8% |
May-2023 | 3.3% | 5.6% | 4.0% | 2.9% |
June-2023 | 3.1% | 6.0% | 4.3% | 3.2% |
Jul-2023 | 3.1% | 5.8% | 4.4% | 2.3% |
Aug-2023 | 3.4% | 5.3% | 4.9% | 3.2% |
Sep-2023 | 3.4 | 5.7 | 4.6 | 2.9 |
Oct-2023 | 3.5% | 5.8% | 4.8% | 3.1% |
Nov-2023 | 3.3% | 5.8% | 4.6% | 3.5% |
Dec-2023 | 3.5% | 5.2% | 5.0% | 3.1% |
Jan-2024 | 3.4% | 5.3% | 5.0% | 2.9% |
Feb-2024 | 3.4% | 5.6% | 5.1% | 3.4% |
Mar-2024 | 3.4% | 6.4% | 4.5% | 2.6% |
Apr-2024 | 3.5% | 5.6% | 4.8% | 2.9% |
May-2024 | 3.5% | 6.1% | 5.0% | 3.1% |
Jun-2024 | 3.5% | 6.3% | 4.9% | 4.1% |
Jul-2024 | 3.8% | 6.3% | 5.3% | 3.7% |
Aug-2024 | 3.8% | 6.1% | 5.4% | 4.1% |
Sep-2024 | 3.7% | 5.7% | 5.1% | 4.1% |
Oct-2024 | 3.8% | 5.7% | 5.1% | 3.9% |
Nov-2024 | 3.8% | 6.4% | 5.3% | 3.8% |
Dec-2024 | 3.6% | 6.1% | 5.1% | 3.5% |
Jan-2025 | 3.5% | 6.2% | 4.8% | 3.7% |
Feb-2025 | 3.8% | 6.0% | 5.2% | 3.2% |
Mar-2025 | 3.7% | 6.2% | 5.1% | 3.5% |
Apr-2025 | 3.8% | 6.3% | 5.2% | 3.0% |
May-2025 | 3.8% | 6.0% | 5.1% | 3.6% |
Notes: AAPI refers to Asian American and Pacific Islander. Racial and ethnic categories are not mutually exclusive; white and Black data do not exclude Latinx workers of each race. Low-point and high-point of each series prior to the recovery from the Great Recession marked. Data are for workers 16 and older.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics' Current Population Survey, public data series.
Employment-to-population ratio, ages 25–54, by gender, 1989–2025
date | Men | Women |
---|---|---|
Jan-2007 | 88.0% | 72.8% |
Feb-2007 | 87.9% | 72.6% |
Mar-2007 | 88.0% | 72.7% |
Apr-2007 | 87.9% | 72.2% |
May-2007 | 87.7% | 72.5% |
Jun-2007 | 87.5% | 72.5% |
Jul-2007 | 87.3% | 72.4% |
Aug-2007 | 87.2% | 72.6% |
Sep-2007 | 87.1% | 72.5% |
Oct-2007 | 86.9% | 72.4% |
Nov-2007 | 87.2% | 72.5% |
Dec-2007 | 87.2% | 72.4% |
Jan-2008 | 87.4% | 72.7% |
Feb-2008 | 87.4% | 72.6% |
Mar-2008 | 87.1% | 72.6% |
Apr-2008 | 86.7% | 72.7% |
May-2008 | 86.5% | 72.6% |
Jun-2008 | 86.3% | 72.6% |
Jul-2008 | 86.2% | 72.4% |
Aug-2008 | 85.8% | 72.1% |
Sep-2008 | 85.4% | 72.3% |
Oct-2008 | 85.2% | 71.9% |
Nov-2008 | 84.7% | 71.7% |
Dec-2008 | 83.7% | 71.6% |
Jan-2009 | 83.1% | 71.1% |
Feb-2009 | 82.5% | 71.0% |
Mar-2009 | 82.0% | 70.6% |
Apr-2009 | 81.8% | 70.7% |
May-2009 | 81.5% | 70.4% |
Jun-2009 | 81.5% | 70.4% |
Jul-2009 | 81.3% | 70.4% |
Aug-2009 | 81.2% | 70.0% |
Sep-2009 | 80.8% | 69.5% |
Oct-2009 | 80.8% | 69.4% |
Nov-2009 | 80.7% | 69.8% |
Dec-2009 | 80.4% | 69.2% |
Jan-2010 | 80.7% | 69.8% |
Feb-2010 | 80.6% | 69.7% |
Mar-2010 | 80.8% | 69.5% |
Apr-2010 | 81.3% | 69.6% |
May-2010 | 81.1% | 69.3% |
Jun-2010 | 81.1% | 69.5% |
Jul-2010 | 81.1% | 69.1% |
Aug-2010 | 81.2% | 69.0% |
Sep-2010 | 81.2% | 69.1% |
Oct-2010 | 81.1% | 69.0% |
Nov-2010 | 80.7% | 69.1% |
Dec-2010 | 80.8% | 69.4% |
Jan-2011 | 81.2% | 69.3% |
Feb-2011 | 81.4% | 69.0% |
Mar-2011 | 81.4% | 69.3% |
Apr-2011 | 81.2% | 69.1% |
May-2011 | 81.6% | 68.9% |
Jun-2011 | 81.3% | 68.8% |
Jul-2011 | 81.1% | 69.0% |
Aug-2011 | 81.4% | 68.9% |
Sep-2011 | 81.3% | 68.7% |
Oct-2011 | 81.1% | 68.9% |
Nov-2011 | 81.9% | 68.8% |
Dec-2011 | 82.1% | 68.9% |
Jan-2012 | 82.5% | 68.9% |
Feb-2012 | 82.4% | 68.9% |
Mar-2012 | 82.5% | 69.2% |
Apr-2012 | 82.5% | 69.1% |
May-2012 | 82.5% | 69.2% |
Jun-2012 | 82.6% | 69.0% |
Jul-2012 | 82.4% | 69.1% |
Aug-2012 | 82.4% | 69.2% |
Sep-2012 | 82.7% | 69.5% |
Oct-2012 | 82.9% | 69.6% |
Nov-2012 | 82.5% | 69.4% |
Dec-2012 | 82.8% | 69.4% |
Jan-2013 | 82.6% | 68.9% |
Feb-2013 | 82.8% | 69.0% |
Mar-2013 | 82.8% | 69.0% |
Apr-2013 | 82.8% | 69.1% |
May-2013 | 83.0% | 69.3% |
Jun-2013 | 82.9% | 69.2% |
Jul-2013 | 82.9% | 69.4% |
Aug-2013 | 82.6% | 69.6% |
Sep-2013 | 82.6% | 69.6% |
Oct-2013 | 82.4% | 69.0% |
Nov-2013 | 83.0% | 69.3% |
Dec-2013 | 83.0% | 69.5% |
Jan-2014 | 83.2% | 69.8% |
Feb-2014 | 83.0% | 70.1% |
Mar-2014 | 83.5% | 69.8% |
Apr-2014 | 83.2% | 69.9% |
May-2014 | 83.3% | 69.8% |
Jun-2014 | 83.8% | 70.2% |
Jul-2014 | 83.8% | 69.8% |
Aug-2014 | 83.9% | 70.1% |
Sep-2014 | 84.1% | 69.8% |
Oct-2014 | 84.0% | 70.1% |
Nov-2014 | 83.9% | 70.3% |
Dec-2014 | 84.2% | 70.3% |
Jan-2015 | 84.3% | 70.2% |
Feb-2015 | 84.3% | 70.3% |
Mar-2015 | 84.5% | 70.0% |
Apr-2015 | 84.4% | 70.2% |
May-2015 | 84.3% | 70.4% |
Jun-2015 | 84.5% | 70.5% |
Jul-2015 | 84.4% | 70.1% |
Aug-2015 | 84.6% | 70.2% |
Sep-2015 | 84.6% | 70.2% |
Oct-2015 | 84.4% | 70.3% |
Nov-2015 | 84.4% | 70.7% |
Dec-2015 | 84.5% | 70.6% |
Jan-2016 | 84.9% | 70.7% |
Feb-2016 | 84.9% | 70.8% |
Mar-2016 | 85.2% | 70.9% |
Apr-2016 | 84.8% | 70.9% |
May-2016 | 84.9% | 71.0% |
Jun-2016 | 85.1% | 71.0% |
Jul-2016 | 84.9% | 71.4% |
Aug-2016 | 84.9% | 71.1% |
Sep-2016 | 84.9% | 71.4% |
Oct-2016 | 85.0% | 71.5% |
Nov-2016 | 85.0% | 71.4% |
Dec-2016 | 85.0% | 71.4% |
Jan-2017 | 85.3% | 71.3% |
Feb-2017 | 85.2% | 71.7% |
Mar-2017 | 85.2% | 72.0% |
Apr-2017 | 85.5% | 72.0% |
May-2017 | 85.3% | 72.0% |
Jun-2017 | 85.4% | 72.1% |
Jul-2017 | 85.3% | 72.4% |
Aug-2017 | 85.0% | 72.1% |
Sep-2017 | 85.6% | 72.5% |
Oct-2017 | 85.6% | 72.1% |
Nov-2017 | 85.5% | 72.5% |
Dec-2017 | 86.0% | 72.2% |
Jan-2018 | 86.0% | 72.1% |
Feb-2018 | 86.4% | 72.4% |
Mar-2018 | 86.2% | 72.4% |
Apr-2018 | 86.3% | 72.3% |
May-2018 | 86.4% | 72.5% |
Jun-2018 | 86.1% | 72.8% |
Jul-2018 | 86.2% | 73.1% |
Aug-2018 | 86.0% | 72.8% |
Sep-2018 | 85.9% | 73.0% |
Oct-2018 | 86.1% | 73.4% |
Nov-2018 | 86.2% | 73.1% |
Dec-2018 | 86.0% | 73.3% |
Jan-2019 | 86.5% | 73.3% |
Feb-2019 | 86.5% | 73.4% |
Mar-2019 | 86.7% | 73.1% |
Apr-2019 | 86.4% | 73.2% |
May-2019 | 86.3% | 73.3% |
Jun-2019 | 86.2% | 73.5% |
Jul-2019 | 86.2% | 73.1% |
Aug-2019 | 86.2% | 73.9% |
Sep-2019 | 86.4% | 74.2% |
Oct-2019 | 86.5% | 74.3% |
Nov-2019 | 86.7% | 74.2% |
Dec-2019 | 86.5% | 74.5% |
Jan-2020 | 86.7% | 74.6% |
Feb-2020 | 86.4% | 74.6% |
Mar-2020 | 85.7% | 73.4% |
Apr-2020 | 75.9% | 63.4% |
May-2020 | 78.0% | 64.9% |
Jun-2020 | 79.5% | 67.6% |
Jul-2020 | 79.8% | 68.0% |
Aug-2020 | 81.5% | 69.1% |
Sep-2020 | 81.5% | 68.9% |
Oct-2020 | 82.2% | 70.1% |
Nov-2020 | 82.0% | 70.3% |
Dec-2020 | 82.4% | 70.5% |
Jan-2021 | 82.6% | 70.4% |
Feb-2021 | 82.6% | 70.7% |
Mar-2021 | 82.6% | 71.1% |
Apr-2021 | 82.8% | 71.1% |
May-2021 | 83.0% | 71.3% |
Jun-2021 | 83.1% | 71.3% |
Jul-2021 | 83.8% | 71.9% |
Aug-2021 | 84.0% | 71.9% |
Sep-2021 | 84.2% | 72.0% |
Oct-2021 | 84.7% | 72.3% |
Nov-2021 | 85.0% | 73.0% |
Dec-2021 | 85.2% | 73.4% |
Jan-2022 | 85.1% | 73.4% |
Feb-2022 | 85.8% | 73.2% |
Mar-2022 | 85.8% | 74.2% |
Apr-2022 | 85.9% | 73.9% |
May-2022 | 86.0% | 74.1% |
Jun-2022 | 85.8% | 73.9% |
Jul-2022 | 85.8% | 74.1% |
Aug-2022 | 85.9% | 74.7% |
Sep-2022 | 86.1% | 74.4% |
Oct-2022 | 85.9% | 74.0% |
Nov-2022 | 85.8% | 73.9% |
Dec-2022 | 86.3% | 74.2% |
Jan-2023 | 85.9% | 74.7% |
Feb-2023 | 86.2% | 74.8% |
Mar-2023 | 86.3% | 75.0% |
Apr-2023 | 86.3% | 75.1% |
May-2023 | 86.4% | 75.1% |
Jun-2023 | 86.4% | 75.3% |
Jul-2023 | 86.5% | 75.3% |
Aug-2023 | 86.4% | 75.3% |
Sep-2023 | 86.4% | 75.3% |
Oct-2023 | 86.0% | 75.3% |
Nov-2023 | 86.3% | 75.2% |
Dec-2023 | 86.2% | 74.8% |
Jan-2024 | 86.2% | 75.0% |
Feb-2024 | 86.3% | 75.2% |
Mar-2024 | 86.3% | 75.1% |
Apr-2024 | 86.1% | 75.5% |
May-2024 | 86.0% | 75.7% |
Jun-2024 | 86.5% | 75.1% |
Jul-2024 | 86.6% | 75.3% |
Aug-2024 | 86.3% | 75.6% |
Sep-2024 | 86.4% | 75.5% |
Oct-2024 | 86.3% | 74.9% |
Nov-2024 | 86.1% | 74.8% |
Dec-2024 | 86.1% | 75.0% |
Jan-2025 | 86.4% | 75.1% |
Feb-2025 | 86.1% | 75.1% |
Mar-2025 | 86.0% | 74.9% |
Apr-2025 | 86.4% | 75.0% |
May-2025 | 86.1% | 74.9% |
Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Current Population Survey public data.
Labor force participation rate, ages 25–54, by gender, 1989–2025
date | Men | Women |
---|---|---|
Jan-2007 | 91.5% | 75.6% |
Feb-2007 | 91.4% | 75.3% |
Mar-2007 | 91.2% | 75.3% |
Apr-2007 | 91.1% | 75.0% |
May-2007 | 90.9% | 75.3% |
Jun-2007 | 90.7% | 75.3% |
Jul-2007 | 90.6% | 75.4% |
Aug-2007 | 90.5% | 75.5% |
Sep-2007 | 90.4% | 75.4% |
Oct-2007 | 90.3% | 75.3% |
Nov-2007 | 90.6% | 75.5% |
Dec-2007 | 90.9% | 75.5% |
Jan-2008 | 91.1% | 75.7% |
Feb-2008 | 91.0% | 75.5% |
Mar-2008 | 90.9% | 75.8% |
Apr-2008 | 90.6% | 75.8% |
May-2008 | 90.5% | 75.9% |
Jun-2008 | 90.5% | 76.0% |
Jul-2008 | 90.7% | 75.7% |
Aug-2008 | 90.5% | 76.0% |
Sep-2008 | 90.5% | 75.8% |
Oct-2008 | 90.4% | 75.8% |
Nov-2008 | 90.3% | 75.9% |
Dec-2008 | 89.9% | 75.9% |
Jan-2009 | 90.0% | 75.8% |
Feb-2009 | 89.8% | 76.0% |
Mar-2009 | 89.7% | 75.7% |
Apr-2009 | 89.9% | 75.9% |
May-2009 | 90.1% | 75.8% |
Jun-2009 | 90.0% | 75.9% |
Jul-2009 | 89.8% | 75.8% |
Aug-2009 | 90.1% | 75.6% |
Sep-2009 | 89.8% | 75.3% |
Oct-2009 | 89.8% | 75.3% |
Nov-2009 | 89.6% | 75.4% |
Dec-2009 | 88.9% | 75.2% |
Jan-2010 | 89.2% | 75.6% |
Feb-2010 | 89.2% | 75.5% |
Mar-2010 | 89.5% | 75.5% |
Apr-2010 | 89.7% | 75.6% |
May-2010 | 89.5% | 75.2% |
Jun-2010 | 89.5% | 75.1% |
Jul-2010 | 89.2% | 74.8% |
Aug-2010 | 89.3% | 74.9% |
Sep-2010 | 89.3% | 74.9% |
Oct-2010 | 88.9% | 74.9% |
Nov-2010 | 88.9% | 75.3% |
Dec-2010 | 88.6% | 75.2% |
Jan-2011 | 88.6% | 74.9% |
Feb-2011 | 88.7% | 74.7% |
Mar-2011 | 88.8% | 74.9% |
Apr-2011 | 88.7% | 74.9% |
May-2011 | 89.0% | 74.6% |
Jun-2011 | 88.9% | 74.6% |
Jul-2011 | 88.6% | 74.5% |
Aug-2011 | 88.7% | 74.7% |
Sep-2011 | 88.6% | 74.6% |
Oct-2011 | 88.4% | 74.4% |
Nov-2011 | 88.7% | 74.4% |
Dec-2011 | 88.7% | 74.6% |
Jan-2012 | 88.8% | 74.5% |
Feb-2012 | 88.7% | 74.5% |
Mar-2012 | 88.9% | 74.5% |
Apr-2012 | 88.7% | 74.4% |
May-2012 | 88.6% | 74.5% |
Jun-2012 | 88.9% | 74.4% |
Jul-2012 | 88.6% | 74.5% |
Aug-2012 | 88.6% | 74.5% |
Sep-2012 | 88.6% | 74.6% |
Oct-2012 | 88.8% | 74.7% |
Nov-2012 | 88.4% | 74.3% |
Dec-2012 | 88.6% | 74.6% |
Jan-2013 | 88.4% | 74.0% |
Feb-2013 | 88.5% | 73.9% |
Mar-2013 | 88.3% | 73.9% |
Apr-2013 | 88.6% | 73.7% |
May-2013 | 88.6% | 74.0% |
Jun-2013 | 88.6% | 74.0% |
Jul-2013 | 88.5% | 74.1% |
Aug-2013 | 88.3% | 74.0% |
Sep-2013 | 88.4% | 73.9% |
Oct-2013 | 88.0% | 73.5% |
Nov-2013 | 88.6% | 73.8% |
Dec-2013 | 88.1% | 73.8% |
Jan-2014 | 88.2% | 73.9% |
Feb-2014 | 88.1% | 74.3% |
Mar-2014 | 88.3% | 74.2% |
Apr-2014 | 87.9% | 74.0% |
May-2014 | 88.0% | 73.8% |
Jun-2014 | 88.3% | 74.0% |
Jul-2014 | 88.3% | 73.7% |
Aug-2014 | 88.5% | 74.0% |
Sep-2014 | 88.1% | 73.7% |
Oct-2014 | 88.1% | 73.9% |
Nov-2014 | 88.1% | 73.9% |
Dec-2014 | 88.2% | 73.8% |
Jan-2015 | 88.5% | 73.8% |
Feb-2015 | 88.4% | 73.6% |
Mar-2015 | 88.5% | 73.4% |
Apr-2015 | 88.4% | 73.8% |
May-2015 | 88.3% | 74.1% |
Jun-2015 | 88.3% | 73.8% |
Jul-2015 | 88.1% | 73.5% |
Aug-2015 | 88.2% | 73.5% |
Sep-2015 | 88.2% | 73.3% |
Oct-2015 | 88.2% | 73.6% |
Nov-2015 | 88.1% | 73.9% |
Dec-2015 | 88.2% | 73.9% |
Jan-2016 | 88.4% | 74.0% |
Feb-2016 | 88.4% | 74.0% |
Mar-2016 | 88.7% | 74.2% |
Apr-2016 | 88.6% | 74.2% |
May-2016 | 88.4% | 74.2% |
Jun-2016 | 88.7% | 74.2% |
Jul-2016 | 88.5% | 74.2% |
Aug-2016 | 88.5% | 74.4% |
Sep-2016 | 88.6% | 74.7% |
Oct-2016 | 88.6% | 74.7% |
Nov-2016 | 88.5% | 74.4% |
Dec-2016 | 88.5% | 74.4% |
Jan-2017 | 88.8% | 74.4% |
Feb-2017 | 88.6% | 74.8% |
Mar-2017 | 88.5% | 74.9% |
Apr-2017 | 88.6% | 75.1% |
May-2017 | 88.5% | 75.1% |
Jun-2017 | 88.6% | 75.0% |
Jul-2017 | 88.6% | 75.2% |
Aug-2017 | 88.4% | 75.0% |
Sep-2017 | 88.7% | 75.3% |
Oct-2017 | 88.6% | 74.8% |
Nov-2017 | 88.5% | 75.2% |
Dec-2017 | 89.0% | 74.9% |
Jan-2018 | 89.0% | 74.7% |
Feb-2018 | 89.2% | 75.2% |
Mar-2018 | 89.2% | 75.0% |
Apr-2018 | 89.3% | 74.9% |
May-2018 | 89.1% | 75.0% |
Jun-2018 | 89.0% | 75.4% |
Jul-2018 | 88.9% | 75.6% |
Aug-2018 | 88.7% | 75.3% |
Sep-2018 | 88.7% | 75.3% |
Oct-2018 | 89.0% | 75.7% |
Nov-2018 | 88.9% | 75.7% |
Dec-2018 | 88.9% | 75.8% |
Jan-2019 | 89.4% | 75.8% |
Feb-2019 | 89.3% | 75.8% |
Mar-2019 | 89.5% | 75.6% |
Apr-2019 | 89.1% | 75.5% |
May-2019 | 88.9% | 75.6% |
Jun-2019 | 88.8% | 75.8% |
Jul-2019 | 88.9% | 75.4% |
Aug-2019 | 89.0% | 76.2% |
Sep-2019 | 89.1% | 76.4% |
Oct-2019 | 89.1% | 76.7% |
Nov-2019 | 89.3% | 76.6% |
Dec-2019 | 89.2% | 76.9% |
Jan-2020 | 89.4% | 76.9% |
Feb-2020 | 89.1% | 76.9% |
Mar-2020 | 88.9% | 76.2% |
Apr-2020 | 86.3% | 73.5% |
May-2020 | 87.2% | 74.2% |
Jun-2020 | 87.8% | 75.2% |
Jul-2020 | 87.5% | 75.1% |
Aug-2020 | 88.0% | 74.8% |
Sep-2020 | 87.6% | 74.4% |
Oct-2020 | 88.0% | 74.8% |
Nov-2020 | 87.5% | 74.7% |
Dec-2020 | 87.5% | 74.9% |
Jan-2021 | 87.7% | 74.7% |
Feb-2021 | 87.5% | 75.0% |
Mar-2021 | 87.4% | 75.3% |
Apr-2021 | 87.7% | 75.1% |
May-2021 | 87.9% | 74.9% |
Jun-2021 | 88.1% | 75.4% |
Jul-2021 | 88.3% | 75.6% |
Aug-2021 | 88.3% | 75.3% |
Sep-2021 | 88.1% | 75.2% |
Oct-2021 | 88.3% | 75.5% |
Nov-2021 | 88.3% | 75.8% |
Dec-2021 | 88.2% | 76.0% |
Jan-2022 | 88.2% | 76.0% |
Feb-2022 | 88.6% | 75.8% |
Mar-2022 | 88.4% | 76.5% |
Apr-2022 | 88.6% | 76.2% |
May-2022 | 88.7% | 76.5% |
Jun-2022 | 88.4% | 76.3% |
Jul-2022 | 88.4% | 76.4% |
Aug-2022 | 88.6% | 77.1% |
Sep-2022 | 88.7% | 76.6% |
Oct-2022 | 88.7% | 76.6% |
Nov-2022 | 88.5% | 76.4% |
Dec-2022 | 88.8% | 76.5% |
Jan-2023 | 88.6% | 76.9% |
Feb-2023 | 88.9% | 77.2% |
Mar-2023 | 89.0% | 77.2% |
Apr-2023 | 89.1% | 77.5% |
May-2023 | 89.1% | 77.6% |
Jun-2023 | 89.1% | 77.8% |
Jul-2023 | 89.3% | 77.5% |
Aug-2023 | 89.3% | 77.6% |
Sep-2023 | 89.6% | 77.4% |
Oct-2023 | 89.1% | 77.7% |
Nov-2023 | 89.3% | 77.4% |
Dec-2023 | 89.3% | 77.2% |
Jan-2024 | 89.2% | 77.5% |
Feb-2024 | 89.3% | 77.7% |
Mar-2024 | 89.1% | 77.7% |
Apr-2024 | 89.1% | 78.0% |
May-2024 | 89.2% | 78.1% |
Jun-2024 | 89.6% | 77.9% |
Jul-2024 | 89.9% | 78.1% |
Aug-2024 | 89.5% | 78.4% |
Sep-2024 | 89.5% | 78.1% |
Oct-2024 | 89.3% | 77.8% |
Nov-2024 | 89.3% | 77.7% |
Dec-2024 | 89.0% | 77.9% |
Jan-2025 | 89.4% | 77.7% |
Feb-2025 | 89.1% | 77.9% |
Mar-2025 | 89.1% | 77.6% |
Apr-2025 | 89.5% | 77.7% |
May-2025 | 89.2% | 77.7% |
Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Current Population Survey public data.