Table 3
How various work characteristics are associated with mandatory overtime work
| Coefficient estimate | |
|---|---|
| Pay status | |
| Salaried (ref.) | |
| Hourly | -0.211* |
| Other | -0.017 |
| Annual earnings | |
| <$22,500 (ref.) | |
| $22,500–$39,999 | 0.240* |
| $40,000–$49,999 | 0.120 |
| $50,000–$59,999 | 0.081 |
| Over $60,000 | -0.105 |
| Years in the job | 0.0047 |
| Weekly hours of work | 0.014*** |
| Ability to take time off of work | -0.213*** |
| Ability to change starting and ending times of work | -0.184*** |
| Too much work to do everything well | -0.0373 |
| Must work very fast | 0.127* |
| Not enough staff to get all work done | 0.107* |
| Observations | n=3,711 |
Note: Asterisks denote tested significant at ***p<.001, **p<.01, *p<.05. The table shows the association between the variables and respondents who answered “yes” to the question, “When you work extra hours on your main job, is it mandatory (required by your employer)?”
Source: General Social Survey Quality of Worklife Supplement (NIOSH), pooled years 2002, 2006, and 2010
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