Table 2

Work shift type by pay status, income, and job characteristics: Multinomial probit model (values are coefficients)

Split/rotating shift Irregular shift Split/rotating shift Irregular shift Split/rotating shift Irregular shift
Pay status
Salaried (ref.)
Hourly 0.512*** -0.0972 0.792*** -0.201 0.487*** -0.00922
Other 0.557*** 1.267*** 0.638* 1.662*** 0.627*** 1.152***
Respondent income
<$22,500 (ref.)
$22,500–$39,999 -0.331** -0.346** -0.464** -0.476** -0.379** -0.356**
$40,000–$49,999 -0.553** -0.247 -0.903** -0.358 -0.606** -0.233
$50,000–$59,999 -0.300 -0.544** -0.344 -0.842** -0.333 -0.556**
Over $60,000 -0.264 -0.253 -0.309 -0.347 -0.320 -0.300
Working hours 0.0164*** 0.00679* 0.0210*** 0.00856* 0.0138*** 0.00539
Overtime is mandatory 0.418** 0.269*
Ability to take time off during day -0.130** -0.193***
Ability to change start/end time -0.0332 0.206***
Too much work to do well -0.111 -0.0682
Must work fast 0.107 0.0700
Shortage of staff 0.0121 -0.0422
Decision involvement 0.158** 0.0224
Work discretion -0.110 -0.00917
Pseudo R-squared 0.077 0.077 0.092 0.092
Observations n=3,803 n=3,803 n=3,746 n=3,746

Note: Asterisks denote tested significant at ***p<.001, **p<.01, *p<.05. Those who are not on split/rotating or irregular shifts are on regular shifts (day, afternoon, or night).  All models were controlled for education, survey year, age, age square, race, marital status, presence of a preschool-age child, and years on the job.

Source: General Social Survey Quality of Worklife Supplement (NIOSH), pooled years 2002, 2006, and 2010

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