Share of workers with various shift types, by pay status, income, occupation, and industry
| Irregular | Split/rotating | Regular | Test | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All (n=4,641) | 10% | 7% | 83% | |
| Pay status (and share of total) | *** | |||
| Salaried (37%) | 8 | 4 | 88 | |
| Hourly (53%) | 6 | 10 | 84 | |
| Other (10%) | 30 | 6 | 64 | |
| Respondent income (share of total) | *** | |||
| <$22,500 (37%) | 11 | 9 | 80 | |
| $22,500–$39,999 (31%) | 7 | 6 | 87 | |
| $40,000–$49,999 (10%) | 8 | 4 | 88 | |
| $50,000–$59,999 (9%) | 6 | 6 | 88 | |
| Over $60,000 (13%) | 9 | 7 | 84 | |
| Types of occupation (share of total) | *** | |||
| Executive/admin/management (15%) | 9 | 4 | 87 | |
| Professional specialty (19%) | 11 | 5 | 84 | |
| Technicians (4%) | 8 | 11 | 81 | |
| Sales occupations (11%) | 15 | 10 | 75 | |
| Admin support (clerical) (13%) | 4 | 5 | 91 | |
| Service occupations (16%) | 10 | 14 | 76 | |
| Farming/precision production (11%) | 8 | 3 | 89 | |
| Operators/laborers (11%) | 10 | 9 | 81 | |
| Types of industry (share of total) | ||||
| Agriculture/forestry | 19 | 4 | 70 | |
| Mining | 6 | 6 | 88 | |
| Construction | 9 | 1 | 90 | |
| Manufacturing-nondurables | 4 | 8 | 88 | |
| Manufacturing-durables | 4 | 4 | 92 | |
| Transportation/communications | 12 | 7 | 81 | |
| Wholesale trade | 8 | 4 | 88 | |
| Retail trade | 12 | 15 | 73 | |
| Finance/insurance/real estate | 12 | 3 | 85 | |
| Business/repair services | 15 | 6 | 80 | |
| Personal services | 17 | 13 | 70 | |
| Entertainment/recreation | 15 | 14 | 71 | |
| Professional services | 7 | 5 | 88 | |
| Public administration | 7 | 12 | 81 | |
| Working hours (mean) | 43 | 43.4a | 41.2a | ** |
| Work family conflict (mean) (1: Never to 4: Often) | 2.6b | 2.5a | 2.2ab | |
| Work stress (mean) (1: Never to 5: Always) | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.1 |
Note: Asterisks denote tested significant at ***p<.001, **p<.01, *p<.05. "Regular" shift includes day, afternoon, and night shifts. Chi-square was conducted to test group differences across categorical variables; ANOVA was conducted to examine group differences across continuous variables (work-family conflict and work stress). Based on post-hoc ANOVA test, work-family conflict is more frequent for both those on irregular and split-rotating shifts, while workers on regular schedules have shorter hours than those on split-rotating shifts and less work-family conflict than both those on irregular and split-rotating schedules. The GSS occupational classification is OCC80 and the industry classification is IND80. Respondent income is in inflation-adjusted constant (year 2000) dollars.
Source: General Social Survey Quality of Worklife Supplement (NIOSH), pooled years 2002, 2006, and 2010
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