Unadjusted cognitive and noncognitive skills gaps between high- and low-SES children at the beginning of kindergarten in 1998 and 2010
| Gap in 1998 | Change in gap between 1998 and 2010 | |
|---|---|---|
| Reading | 1.07 | 0.10 |
| Math | 1.26 | -0.01 |
| Self-control (reported by teachers) | 0.39 | -0.01 |
| Approaches to learning (reported by teachers) | 0.63 | -0.12 |
| Self-control (reported by parents) | 0.47 | -0.08 |
| Approaches to learning (reported by parents) | 0.54 | 0.02 |
Notes: SES refers to socioeconomic status. The gaps are the baseline fully unadjusted standard deviation scores for children in the highest fifth of the SES distribution relative to children in the lowest fifth of the SES distribution. The gap in 2010 equals the gap in 1998 plus the change in the gap from 1998 to 2010. For example, the gap in approaches to learning as reported by teachers in 2010 is 0.51 sd (0.63 – 0.12). The 1998 to 2010 change estimates are not significant for math, self-control as reported by teachers, and approaches to learning as reported by parents.
Source: EPI analysis of ECLS-K, kindergarten classes of 1998–1999 and 2010–2011 (National Center for Education Statistics)
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