Appendix Table 1
BIL and IRA programs supporting the manufacturing and deployment of clean trucks
| Program | Description | Domestic content requirements | Labor protections for manufacturing workers |
|---|---|---|---|
| Supply-side programs | |||
| Clean School Bus Program (EPA) | Provides $5B in grants and rebates to school districts, school bus manufacturers, and other entities to replace ICE school buses with clean and zero-emission school buses | None. EPA does not consider school buses to be “infrastructure” and therefore exempts them from the requirements of the Build America, Buy America Act. | EPA prohibits the use of Clean School Bus Program award funds to support or oppose a union organizing effort. |
| Advanced Technology Vehicle Manufacturing Loan Program (DOE) | Provides $3B in direct loans through 2028 to facilities manufacturing low- and no-emission vehicles (including trucks) and components | N/A. Only projects located in the United States are eligible for loans (though foreign ownership/sponsorship is permitted). | None |
| Battery Manufacturing & Recycling and Battery Materials Processing Grants (DOE) | Provides $6B in competitive grants to manufacturers to build the domestic manufacturing capacity for vehicle batteries and battery components (including for trucks) | N/A. Only “domestic entities” are eligible for program funding. Foreign entities must seek a waiver to apply. | Application criteria include a Community Benefits Plan that, among other requirements, requires applicants to describe their efforts to affirmatively support worker organizing and collective bargaining. |
| Domestic Manufacturing Conversion Grant Program (DOE) | Provides $2B in competitive grants to retool/convert ICE vehicle and supply chain facilities to produce clean and zero-emission vehicles (including trucks). | N/A. Only “domestic entities” are eligible for program funding. Foreign entities must seek a waiver to apply. | Application criteria include Job Quality & Just Transition Plan, and a Labor & Community Benefits Plan which together account for 25% of application scores and require engagement with, and commitments to, organized labor. |
| 48C Qualifying Advanced Energy Project Tax Credit (IRS) | Provides $10B in tax credits for the manufacturing of advanced energy technologies, including clean vehicle assembly and supply chain manufacturing. | N/A. Only facilities located in the U.S. are eligible for the tax credit. | None. |
| CHIPS Incentive Program—Commercial Fabrication Facilities (Commerce) | Provides $113B in grants, direct loans, and loan guarantees to facilities supporting a robust and secure domestic semiconductor supply chain, including semiconductors for vehicle batteries | N/A. Only commercial facilities located in the United States are eligible for program funding. Additionally, applicants are asked to describe their use of iron, steel, and construction materials manufactured in the U.S. | Application criteria include a Facility Workforce Plan that requires applicants to describe their efforts to hire, retain, and train a skilled workforce. Applicants are required to work with workforce partners (such as labor unions) to formulate their workforce plans. |
| CHIPS Incentive Program—Small-Scale Supply Chain Projects | Provides $500M in funding to small commercial facilities to catalyze domestic manufacturing of semiconductors and their components | N/A. Foreign entities of concern are not eligible for funding. | Application criteria include a Workforce & Community Investment Plan which requires applicants to make commitments to facility workforce investments, including through training and education benefits for production workers. |
| Demand-side programs | |||
| Commercial Clean Vehicle Tax Credit (IRS) | Provides up to $40,000 (per vehicle) to public and private fleets to purchase clean heavy-duty vehicles (any vehicle over 14,000 lbs.) | None | None |
| Clean Heavy Duty Vehicles Program (EPA) | Provides $1B in grants to public and nonprofit entities purchasing clean Class 6 and 7 vehicles | None | None |
| Clean School Bus Program (EPA) | Provides $5B in grants and rebates to school districts, school bus manufacturers, and other entities to replace ICE school buses with clean and zero-emission school buses | None. EPA does not consider school buses to be “infrastructure” and therefore exempts them from the requirements of the Build America, Buy America Act. | EPA prohibits the use of Clean School Bus Program award funds to support or oppose a union organizing effort |
| Clean Ports Program (EPA) | Provides $3B in grants to ports to purchase a range of zero-emission port equipment, including Class 3-8 drayage trucks | Vehicles purchased with grant funding must undergo final assembly in the United States. EPA recently finalized a Buy America waiver for the Clean Ports Program, exempting Class 3-8 vehicles from Buy America requirements through 2027. | EPA prohibits the use of Clean Ports Program award funds to support or oppose a union organizing effort. |
| The National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure (NEVI) Program (DOT/DOE) | Provides $5B in formula funds to state Departments of Transportation to install alternative fueling infrastructure (such as EV chargers) along interstate highway corridors | BIL-funded EV charging infrastructure is subject to the Build America, Buy America Act, meaning that 65% of every charger’s contents (by cost) must be domestically manufactured. DOT has issued a waiver of Buy America requirements for EV charging infrastructure, which means that BIL program funds can be used to purchase any EV charger that undergoes final assembly in the U.S. through June 2024. Beginning July 2024, BIL-funded EV chargers must also meet domestic content requirements as laid out by the Build America, Buy America Act. | None |
| Charging & Fueling Infrastructure (CFI) Grant Program (DOT/DOE) | Provides $2.5B in competitive grant funds for the installation of alternative fueling infrastructure (such as EV chargers) along highways and within communities | BIL-funded EV charging infrastructure is subject to the Build America, Buy America Act, meaning that 65% of every charger’s contents (by cost) must be domestically manufactured. | None |
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