Table 24

Comparing U.S. trends for all and for disadvantaged students, Long-Term Trend and Main NAEP, PISA, and TIMSS

1992 1994 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 Average annual change, earliest to latest year shown Average annual change, 1998–2000 to 2007–2009
Reading
LTT
All 260 258 258 259 258 260 0.0% 0.0%
Mother < HS 242 245 243 241 242 243 0.0 0.1
Af Am 238 234 234 238 241 247 0.2 0.4
Main
All 260 260 263 264 263 262 263 264 265 0.1 0.0
Mother < HS 245 244 248 251 249 247 248 250 250 0.1 0.1
Af Am 237 236 243 245 244 243 245 246 249 0.3 0.1
PISA
All 504 495 500 -0.1 -0.1
Group 1 418 422 442 0.6 0.7
Group 2 455 457 471 0.4 0.4
Math
LTT
All 273 274 274 276 280 281 0.2% 0.2%
Mother < HS 259 260 261 265 270 0.3 0.4
Af Am 250 252 252 251 259 262 0.3 0.5
Main
All 268 271 274 278 279 281 283 284 0.3 0.3
Mother < HS 252 255 256 260 262 265 267 268 0.3 0.5
Af Am 237 241 245 252 255 260 261 262 0.6 0.7
PISA
All 493 483 474 487 -0.1 -0.1
Group 1 416 420 417 434 0.5 0.5
Group 2 446 445 436 464 0.4 0.4
TIMSS
All 492 502 504 508 509 0.2 0.2
Group 1 439 449 461 0.6
Group 2 461 473 482 0.6

Note: The TIMSS “all” figure for 1995 comes not from the TIMSS database but is a corrected number as reported in the TIMSS 1999 report. For years when NAEP introduced testing with accommodations, scores shown are averages of results with and without accommodations. Mother < HS is mother's educational status is less than high school, and Af Am is African American.

Source: Authors' analysis of Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) databases, various years (Boston College International Study Center); OECD Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) databases, various years; National Center for Education Statistics' NAEP Data Explorer

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