Appendix Table B

Logistic regression analysis of odds of being employed among American Indians and whites, with interactions, ages 25–54, 2009–2011

Odds ratios Statistical significance
Basic demographics
American Indiana 0.422 ***
Latino 1.101 ***
Male 2.269 ***
Age 1.073 ***
Age squared 0.999 ***
Personal characteristics
Marriedb 1.121 ***
Never marriedb 0.780 ***
Number of children 0.879 ***
Veteran 1.103 ***
Has a disability 0.177 ***
Human capital
Speaks only English at home 1.051 ***
GEDc 1.497 ***
High school diplomac 2.426 ***
Some collegec 2.925 ***
Associate degreec 4.152 ***
Bachelor’s degreec 4.369 ***
Advanced degreec 7.066 ***
Urbanicity and reservation status
Central cityd 0.965 ***
Suburband 1.013 **
Lives on or close to a reservation 0.988 *
State of residence (reference: states without tribal lands)
Alabama 0.904 ***
Alaska 1.063
Arizona 0.882 ***
California 0.759 ***
Colorado 1.018
Connecticut 1.058 **
Florida 0.881 ***
Idaho 0.947 *
Illinoise 1.007
Iowa 1.591 ***
Kansas 1.295 ***
Louisiana 1.030 *
Maine 1.037
Massachusetts 1.021
Michigan 0.838 ***
Minnesota 1.418 ***
Mississippi 0.943 **
Montana 1.179 ***
Nebraska 1.638 ***
Nevada 0.856 ***
New Mexico 0.900 ***
New York 0.987
North Carolina 0.914 ***
North Dakota 1.895 ***
Oklahoma 1.069 ***
Oregon 0.813 ***
Rhode Island 1.126 ***
South Carolina 0.907 ***
South Dakota 2.018 ***
Texas 1.036 ***
Utah 0.852 ***
Washington 0.871 ***
Wisconsin 1.377 ***
Wyoming 1.333 ***

Interactions
Basic demographics x American Indian
Latino 1.159 ***
Male 0.654 ***
Age 1.020
Age squared 1.000
Personal characteristics x American Indian
Marriedb 1.062 *
Never marriedb 1.000
Number of children 1.129 ***
Veteran 1.089 *
Has a disability 1.263 ***
Human capital x American Indian
Speaks only English at home 1.089 **
GEDc 0.992
High school diplomac 0.859 ***
Some collegec 0.952
Associate degreec 0.888 **
Bachelor’s degreec 1.207 ***
Advanced degreec 1.096
Urbanicity x American Indian and reservation status x American Indian
Central cityd 1.071
Suburband 1.124 ***
Lives on or close to a reservation 0.937 *
State of residence x American Indian (reference: states without tribal lands)
Alabama 1.186
Alaska 0.879
Arizona 0.809 ***
California 0.988
Colorado 0.965
Connecticut 0.994
Florida 1.050
Idaho 1.052
Illinoise 0.947
Iowa 0.627 **
Kansas 0.863
Louisiana 1.215
Maine 0.985
Massachusetts 0.864
Michigan 1.065
Minnesota 0.705 ***
Mississippi 1.590 **
Montana 0.752 **
Nebraska 0.763
Nevada 1.071
New Mexico 1.048
New York 0.934
North Carolina 1.055
North Dakota 0.459 ***
Oklahoma 1.168 **
Oregon 1.251 **
Rhode Island 1.082
South Carolina 1.147
South Dakota 0.375 ***
Texas 1.100
Utah 0.801 *
Washington 1.035
Wisconsin 0.782 **
Wyoming 0.941
Log pseudolikelihood = -1127592.1                 Pseudo R2 = 0.1247
Number of obs = 2,459,829
Economic Policy Institute

* p<.05; ** p<.01; *** p<.001; robust standard errors

a Includes multiracial individuals. The reference category is white.

b The reference category is separated, divorced, or widowed.

c The reference category is less than a high school diploma.

d The reference category is central city status unknown, not in a metropolitan area, and metropolitan status not identifiable.

e Illinois does not have tribal lands; however, because many American Indians were relocated to Chicago in the mid-20th century, we include it in this analysis.

Note: These data include American Indian multiracials and Hispanics of both races, but exclude the foreign born.

Source: Author's analysis of American Community Survey data from Ruggles et al. (2013)

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