Figure E2

: Men's prime-age labor force participation rate by education level, 1976–2024

Year College Noncollege
1976 96.9% 93.3%
1977 97.0% 93.4%
1978 97.1% 93.4%
1979 97.0% 93.6%
1980 97.0% 93.3%
1981 96.9% 93.2%
1982 96.9% 93.0%
1983 96.4% 92.9%
1984 96.7% 92.9%
1985 96.9% 92.9%
1986 96.8% 92.7%
1987 96.8% 92.6%
1988 96.9% 92.3%
1989 97.0% 92.4%
1990 96.8% 92.1%
1991 96.6% 91.7%
1992 96.7% 91.6%
1993 96.6% 91.1%
1994 96.4% 90.0%
1995 96.1% 89.8%
1996 95.9% 90.2%
1997 96.0% 90.3%
1998 95.9% 90.2%
1999 95.7% 90.1%
2000 95.8% 89.9%
2001 95.7% 89.4%
2002 95.6% 89.1%
2003 95.0% 88.7%
2004 94.9% 88.6%
2005 94.9% 88.7%
2006 95.0% 88.7%
2007 95.4% 88.9%
2008 95.2% 88.5%
2009 95.1% 87.5%
2010 94.5% 87.0%
2011 94.5% 86.1%
2012 94.5% 86.0%
2013 94.2% 85.7%
2014 94.1% 85.4%
2015 93.9% 85.4%
2016 94.0% 85.7%
2017 93.9% 85.8%
2018 94.2% 86.1%
2019 94.1% 86.3%
2020 93.4% 84.5%
2021 93.8% 84.5%
2022 93.9% 85.3%
2023 94.2% 85.9%
2024 94.2% 86.3%
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Economic Policy Institute

Notes: Data include the civilian non-institutional population. “Prime age” refers to ages 25 to 54. College refers to completion of a 4-year degree.

Source: EPI analysis of the Current Population Survey (CPS) basic monthly microdata, EPI Current Population Survey Extracts, Version 2025.6.11https://microdata.epi.org

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