Figure A
Southern and Midwestern states see greater declines in education spending capacity: Change in per-pupil education spending as a share of GDP per capita, 2007–2019
| State | Per-pupil spending / GDP per capita (ppt.) | Per-pupil spending (%) | GDP per capita (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | -0.02 | -3.2% | 6.2% |
| Alaska | 0.06 | 12.9% | -14.8% |
| Arizona | -0.01 | -1.4% | 4.6% |
| Arkansas | 0.00 | 4.9% | 6.7% |
| California | 0.00 | 22.1% | 23.4% |
| Colorado | 0.00 | 13.2% | 11.8% |
| Connecticut | 0.05 | 20.2% | 0.4% |
| Delaware | 0.00 | 0.9% | 2.8% |
| Washington D.C. | 0.02 | 24.7% | 7.5% |
| Florida | -0.05 | -15.8% | 4.0% |
| Georgia | -0.03 | -1.4% | 13.0% |
| Hawaii | 0.03 | 21.4% | 9.5% |
| Idaho | -0.02 | -3.1% | 9.1% |
| Illinois | 0.05 | 40.0% | 13.6% |
| Indiana | -0.03 | -2.5% | 10.8% |
| Iowa | 0.00 | 12.7% | 12.1% |
| Kansas | 0.00 | 10.8% | 12.7% |
| Kentucky | 0.01 | 14.2% | 11.0% |
| Louisiana | 0.02 | 6.5% | -1.1% |
| Maine | 0.01 | 15.7% | 13.0% |
| Maryland | -0.01 | 8.0% | 13.5% |
| Massachusetts | 0.01 | 22.5% | 18.9% |
| Michigan | -0.02 | 0.9% | 8.9% |
| Minnesota | 0.02 | 20.3% | 12.5% |
| Mississippi | 0.00 | 3.1% | 4.0% |
| Missouri | -0.01 | 5.4% | 9.6% |
| Montana | 0.02 | 19.2% | 9.2% |
| Nebraska | -0.03 | 5.1% | 19.9% |
| Nevada | 0.00 | -3.5% | -1.2% |
| New Hampshire | 0.04 | 28.9% | 13.1% |
| New Jersey | 0.00 | 6.2% | 6.0% |
| New Mexico | 0.00 | 0.7% | 0.7% |
| New York | 0.01 | 29.6% | 26.3% |
| North Carolina | -0.02 | -0.1% | 8.0% |
| North Dakota | -0.01 | 38.4% | 47.0% |
| Ohio | -0.02 | 8.4% | 14.9% |
| Oklahoma | 0.00 | 7.2% | 8.0% |
| Oregon | 0.04 | 33.7% | 14.7% |
| Pennsylvania | 0.02 | 23.3% | 14.9% |
| Rhode Island | 0.02 | 11.7% | 6.5% |
| South Carolina | -0.02 | 4.6% | 12.1% |
| South Dakota | -0.01 | 8.9% | 17.0% |
| Tennessee | 0.00 | 17.1% | 16.6% |
| Texas | 0.00 | 4.8% | 7.2% |
| Utah | -0.01 | 11.6% | 17.1% |
| Vermont | 0.05 | 27.0% | 12.5% |
| Virginia | -0.02 | 0.2% | 7.8% |
| Washington | 0.03 | 44.3% | 25.6% |
| West Virginia | -0.01 | 10.5% | 14.6% |
| Wisconsin | 0.00 | 11.7% | 12.3% |
| Wyoming | 0.03 | -6.8% | -15.9% |
Source: Author's analysis of state GDP data from the BEA; population data from the U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division's Table 1. Intercensal Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico (2000–2010, 2010–2020); and education spending and enrollment data from the National Public Education Financial Survey Data, (v.1a).
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