Figure D
States with a history of discrimination required to preclear changes to election laws before 2013: States covered by Section 5 of the 1965 Voting Rights Act at the time of the Shelby v. Holder decision
| State | Key | Details |
|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 1 | State covered as whole by Section 5 |
| Alaska | 1 | State covered as whole by Section 5 |
| Arizona | 1 | State covered as whole by Section 5 |
| Arkansas | 0 | |
| California | 2 | Some counties covered by Section 5 |
| Colorado | 0 | |
| Connecticut | 0 | |
| Delaware | 0 | |
| Florida | 2 | Some counties covered by Section 5 |
| Georgia | 1 | State covered as whole by Section 5 |
| Hawaii | 0 | |
| Idaho | 0 | |
| Illinois | 0 | |
| Indiana | 0 | |
| Iowa | 0 | |
| Kansas | 0 | |
| Kentucky | 0 | |
| Louisiana | 1 | State covered as whole by Section 5 |
| Maine | 0 | |
| Maryland | 0 | |
| Massachusetts | 0 | |
| Michigan | 3 | Some townships covered by Section 5 |
| Minnesota | 0 | |
| Mississippi | 1 | State covered as whole by Section 5 |
| Missouri | 0 | |
| Montana | 0 | |
| Nebraska | 0 | |
| Nevada | 0 | |
| New Hampshire | 3 | Some townships covered by Section 5 |
| New Jersey | 0 | |
| New Mexico | 0 | |
| New York | 2 | Some counties covered by Section 5 |
| North Carolina | 2 | Some counties covered by Section 5 |
| North Dakota | 0 | |
| Ohio | 0 | |
| Oklahoma | 0 | |
| Oregon | 0 | |
| Pennsylvania | 0 | |
| Rhode Island | 0 | |
| South Carolina | 1 | State covered as whole by Section 5 |
| South Dakota | 2 | Some counties covered by Section 5 |
| Tennessee | 0 | |
| Texas | 1 | State covered as whole by Section 5 |
| Utah | 0 | |
| Vermont | 0 | |
| Virginia | 1 | State covered as whole by Section 5 |
| Washington | 0 | |
| Washington D.C. | 0 | |
| West Virginia | 0 | |
| Wisconsin | 0 | |
| Wyoming | 0 |
Source: U.S. Department of Justice data compiled by Li 2024.
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