Table 5
Estimated total lost worker productivity and increase in total employer health cost from lost federal Advance Premium Tax Credit (APTC) by Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)
| MSA | Lost worker productivity ($) | Employer health cost ($) |
|---|---|---|
| Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA | $37,181,732 | $90,137,531 |
| Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN | $6,281,078 | $15,226,855 |
| Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX | $28,780,034 | $69,769,780 |
| Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI | $2,729,596 | $6,617,203 |
| Houston-Pasadena-The Woodlands, TX | $35,953,137 | $87,159,120 |
| Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA | $2,970,486 | $7,201,179 |
| Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL | $12,981,748 | $31,470,905 |
| New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ | $11,361,794 | $27,543,744 |
| Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD | $12,629,570 | $30,617,139 |
| Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV | $7,301,723 | $17,701,148 |
Sources: Authors' analyses of 2023 American Community Survey 1-Year microdata via IPUMS; 2024 Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Marketplace Open Enrollment Period Public Use Files; and Ku et al. 2025.
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