Jobs supported in 2024 from promoting U.S. exports and investing in infrastructure, clean energy, and energy efficiency, imported vs. domestic inputs (100% Buy America) scenario
| Direct and indirect jobs supported, by policy proposal | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| New (net) jobs supported or displaced (imported inputs, see Table 2) | Net (new) jobs supported or displaced (domestic inputs) | Change under “Buy American” (domestic inputs) scenario | Change under “Buy American” (domestic inputs) scenario as a percent | |
| 1. U.S. total exports—jobs supported by export promotion policies | 4,702,900 | 5,664,400 | 961,500 | 20.4% |
| 2. U.S. general imports—jobs displaced by export promotion policies | 1,194,700 | 1,379,800 | 185,100 | 15.5% |
| 3. U.S. trade balance—net jobs supported by export promotion policies | 3,508,200 | 4,284,600 | 776,400 | 22.1% |
| 4. Infrastructure investments—jobs supported per year | 2,071,600 | 2,209,800 | 138,200 | 6.7% |
| 5. Clean energy and energy efficiency investments—jobs supported per year | 1,315,400 | 1,554,000 | 238,600 | 18.1% |
| Employment impact aggregated | ||||
| New (net) jobs supported (imported inputs, see Table 2) | Net (new) jobs supported (domestic inputs) | Change under “Buy American” (domestic inputs) scenario | Change under “Buy American” (domestic inputs) scenario as a percent | |
| Total direct and indirect jobs created (rows 3–6 above) | 6,895,200 | 8,048,400 | 1,153,200 | 16.7% |
| Respending jobs (see Table 2) | 6,021,000 | 6,258,500 | 237,500 | 3.9% |
| Range of potential jobs created including respending | 6,895,200 to 12,916,200 | 8,048,400 to 14,307,000 | 1,153,200 to 1,390,800 | 10.8% to 16.7% |
Notes: Investments and spending at these levels will support continuing employment as long spending is sustained at level in future years. Percent increased relative to same row in Table 2.
Source: Authors’ analysis of employment requirements overall (BLS-EP 2020a) applied to trade data (USITC 2020), authors’ trade projections, and infrastructure and clean energy/energy efficiency investments at the allocations specified in Pollin and Chakraborty 2020. Domestic-inputs only scenario comes from a standard application of requirements tables unadjusted for imports. For a more detailed explanation of data sources and computations, see Table 2 and the text in this report as well as the appendix.
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