Net jobs created by rebalancing trade and investing in infrastructure, clean energy and efficiency, by state 2020-24
| State | Change in trade balance | Infrastructure | Clean energy/efficienty | Total jobs | State employment (2013–2017 5-year ACS estimate) | Jobs gained as a share of total employment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 53,600 | 30,400 | 18,700 | 102,700 | 2,055,500 | 5.00% |
| Alaska | 8,700 | 5,300 | 1,600 | 15,600 | 354,000 | 4.41% |
| Arizona | 57,600 | 39,500 | 20,400 | 117,400 | 2,953,900 | 3.97% |
| Arkansas | 35,600 | 17,500 | 12,900 | 66,100 | 1,276,500 | 5.18% |
| California | 411,200 | 234,400 | 144,100 | 789,700 | 17,993,900 | 4.39% |
| Colorado | 61,100 | 37,400 | 19,900 | 118,400 | 2,760,100 | 4.29% |
| Connecticut | 40,100 | 23,500 | 16,900 | 80,500 | 1,805,100 | 4.46% |
| Delaware | 8,000 | 5,600 | 2,600 | 16,100 | 441,500 | 3.65% |
| Washington D.C. | 4,200 | 4,600 | 1,400 | 10,200 | 357,700 | 2.85% |
| Florida | 158,700 | 119,400 | 53,600 | 331,700 | 9,018,600 | 3.68% |
| Georgia | 98,000 | 66,900 | 39,900 | 204,700 | 4,606,300 | 4.44% |
| Hawaii | 10,300 | 9,200 | 2,500 | 22,000 | 671,800 | 3.27% |
| Idaho | 21,100 | 9,800 | 6,400 | 37,300 | 748,700 | 4.98% |
| Illinois | 156,600 | 87,600 | 69,800 | 314,000 | 6,181,700 | 5.08% |
| Indiana | 99,000 | 49,500 | 37,400 | 185,900 | 3,124,300 | 5.95% |
| Iowa | 52,000 | 21,400 | 21,100 | 94,500 | 1,599,700 | 5.91% |
| Kansas | 43,200 | 18,900 | 13,500 | 75,600 | 1,420,000 | 5.32% |
| Kentucky | 52,600 | 30,400 | 21,000 | 104,100 | 1,938,200 | 5.37% |
| Louisiana | 51,100 | 27,500 | 12,900 | 91,400 | 2,031,200 | 4.50% |
| Maine | 13,900 | 8,100 | 4,200 | 26,300 | 658,700 | 3.99% |
| Maryland | 45,800 | 42,000 | 15,400 | 103,200 | 3,040,800 | 3.39% |
| Massachusetts | 62,700 | 43,800 | 28,800 | 135,400 | 3,525,700 | 3.84% |
| Michigan | 128,800 | 73,100 | 49,300 | 251,200 | 4,524,900 | 5.55% |
| Minnesota | 76,200 | 37,300 | 31,400 | 144,900 | 2,904,100 | 4.99% |
| Mississippi | 30,900 | 18,200 | 12,100 | 61,100 | 1,221,800 | 5.00% |
| Missouri | 69,200 | 39,600 | 28,100 | 136,900 | 2,867,400 | 4.77% |
| Montana | 14,800 | 6,500 | 2,800 | 24,100 | 498,000 | 4.84% |
| Nebraska | 29,100 | 13,200 | 8,500 | 50,800 | 987,200 | 5.15% |
| Nevada | 22,400 | 17,800 | 7,300 | 47,500 | 1,341,400 | 3.54% |
| New Hampshire | 16,200 | 9,700 | 8,500 | 34,400 | 713,400 | 4.82% |
| New Jersey | 81,200 | 59,000 | 29,200 | 169,300 | 4,388,000 | 3.86% |
| New Mexico | 18,900 | 11,300 | 4,600 | 34,900 | 879,200 | 3.97% |
| New York | 151,200 | 122,800 | 60,300 | 334,300 | 9,467,600 | 3.53% |
| North Carolina | 97,000 | 62,400 | 43,900 | 203,400 | 4,571,000 | 4.45% |
| North Dakota | 15,400 | 5,200 | 3,700 | 24,300 | 400,500 | 6.07% |
| Ohio | 152,600 | 79,900 | 69,900 | 302,400 | 5,488,200 | 5.51% |
| Oklahoma | 55,600 | 24,700 | 17,900 | 98,200 | 1,746,400 | 5.62% |
| Oregon | 47,400 | 23,800 | 18,900 | 90,000 | 1,886,000 | 4.77% |
| Pennsylvania | 150,700 | 82,600 | 62,400 | 295,700 | 6,097,000 | 4.85% |
| Rhode Island | 10,700 | 6,600 | 4,500 | 21,800 | 526,100 | 4.14% |
| South Carolina | 52,200 | 31,800 | 24,500 | 108,500 | 2,181,000 | 4.97% |
| South Dakota | 14,900 | 5,500 | 4,200 | 24,600 | 438,300 | 5.61% |
| Tennessee | 70,500 | 46,400 | 32,100 | 149,000 | 2,996,600 | 4.97% |
| Texas | 328,000 | 181,700 | 108,400 | 618,100 | 12,689,100 | 4.87% |
| Utah | 33,700 | 19,700 | 10,700 | 64,100 | 1,412,200 | 4.54% |
| Vermont | 6,800 | 4,300 | 2,900 | 14,000 | 327,300 | 4.28% |
| Virginia | 72,500 | 56,000 | 25,800 | 154,300 | 4,084,000 | 3.78% |
| Washington | 93,300 | 45,000 | 25,200 | 163,600 | 3,418,100 | 4.79% |
| West Virginia | 18,800 | 9,800 | 5,000 | 33,600 | 747,000 | 4.50% |
| Wisconsin | 93,300 | 40,800 | 46,900 | 181,000 | 2,939,900 | 6.16% |
| Wyoming | 11,000 | 4,000 | 1,700 | 16,700 | 293,600 | 5.69% |

Note: Percentages are calculated using rounded totals. Totals may vary slightly due to rounding.
Source: Authors’ analysis of American Community Survey (ACS) data (U.S. Census Bureau 2019a and 2020a), USITC 2020, Bureau of Labor Statistics Employment Projections program 2020a, and author's projections for trade in 2024; and Pollin, Garrett-Peltier, Heintz and Hendricks 2014, Pollin and Chakraborty 2020, and Chakraborty (personal communication 2020) for infrastructure and climate investments. For a more detailed explanation of data sources and computations, see notes and the appendix.
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