Figure 2

There is no evidence of a correlation between union strength in states and shares of experienced teachers that disadvantage high-poverty schools: Relationship between union strength and share of teachers with five or more years of experience, 2011

By union strength

State Share  Rank 
AL 85.5% 32
AK 87.6 37
AZ 69.7 1
AR 76.9 4
CA 84.9 46
CO 74.0 17
CT 62.3 35
DE 76.7 33
DC 51.3 19
FL 82.0 2
GA 78.1 7
HI 71.7 51
ID 79.7 16
IL 86.4 44
IN 78.7 21
IA 78.2 25
KS 84.5 20
KY 79.2 24
LA 85.2 10
ME 91.5 30
MD 69.4 29
MA 87.1 31
MI 94.9 36
MN 71.1 38
MS 68.9 6
MO 75.5 14
MT 86.3 49
NE 71.2 26
NV 81.1 27
NH 72.3 22
NJ 91.3 45
NM 77.0 15
NY 74.2 43
NC 78.1 12
ND 88.0 28
OH 93.3 40
OK 84.8 9
OR 83.2 50
PA 72.7 48
RI 91.8 47
SC 75.3 3
SD 86.8 18
TN 84.8 11
TX 76.2 8
UT 78.9 13
VT 77.7 41
VA 67.6 5
WA 81.7 42
WV 79.7 39
WI 88.0 34
WY 89.8 23
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By collective bargaining coverage

State Share  Rate
AL 85.5% 64.2%
AK 87.6 91.2
AZ 69.7 47.0
AR 76.9 28.4
CA 84.9 89.1
CO 74.0 66.8
CT 62.3 89.6
DE 76.7 79.5
DC 51.3 68.0
FL 82.0 57.4
GA 78.1 31.3
HI 71.7 87.6
ID 79.7 57.0
IL 86.4 89.4
IN 78.7 80.5
IA 78.2 78.1
KS 84.5 69.6
KY 79.2 56.2
LA 85.2 35.4
ME 91.5 86.6
MD 69.4 81.7
MA 87.1 94.6
MI 94.9 91.9
MN 71.1 90.5
MS 68.9 29.8
MO 75.5 54.1
MT 86.3 85.5
NE 71.2 73.4
NV 81.1 70.0
NH 72.3 84.5
NJ 91.3 89.5
NM 77.0 55.4
NY 74.2 92.5
NC 78.1 23.8
ND 88.0 69.3
OH 93.3 85.7
OK 84.8 49.7
OR 83.2 91.2
PA 72.7 91.1
RI 91.8 92.4
SC 75.3 26.9
SD 86.8 43.5
TN 84.8 43.1
TX 76.2 41.2
UT 78.9 56.5
VT 77.7 87.6
VA 67.6 36.0
WA 81.7 86.3
WV 79.7 65.2
WI 88.0 86.1
WY 89.8 42.6
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By union strength

State Share  Rank 
AL 87.6% 32
AK 83.3 37
AZ 75.8 1
AR 80.4 4
CA 89.5 46
CO 77.6 17
CT 81.7 35
DE 79.5 33
DC 58.2 19
FL 85.7 2
GA 80.8 7
HI 74.4 51
ID 84.5 16
IL 85.3 44
IN 82.6 21
IA 83.4 25
KS 85.1 20
KY 81.7 24
LA 86.6 10
ME 90.5 30
MD 80.7 29
MA 84.5 31
MI 93.6 36
MN 81.9 38
MS 70.0 6
MO 79.5 14
MT 88.3 49
NE 83.2 26
NV 84.0 27
NH 84.0 22
NJ 86.4 45
NM 76.4 15
NY 83.2 43
NC 80.5 12
ND 78.9 28
OH 88.3 40
OK 84.8 9
OR 88.8 50
PA 82.3 48
RI 86.0 47
SC 76.8 3
SD 84.0 18
TN 85.0 11
TX 78.3 8
UT 78.0 13
VT 80.1 41
VA 82.5 5
WA 87.8 42
WV 82.0 39
WI 87.6 34
WY 83.7 23
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By collective bargaining coverage

State Share  Rate 
AL 87.6% 64.2%
AK 83.3 91.2
AZ 75.8 47.0
AR 80.4 28.4
CA 89.5 89.1
CO 77.6 66.8
CT 81.7 89.6
DE 79.5 79.5
DC 58.2 68.0
FL 85.7 57.4
GA 80.8 31.3
HI 74.4 87.6
ID 84.5 57.0
IL 85.3 89.4
IN 82.6 80.5
IA 83.4 78.1
KS 85.1 69.6
KY 81.7 56.2
LA 86.6 35.4
ME 90.5 86.6
MD 80.7 81.7
MA 84.5 94.6
MI 93.6 91.9
MN 81.9 90.5
MS 70.0 29.8
MO 79.5 54.1
MT 88.3 85.5
NE 83.2 73.4
NV 84.0 70.0
NH 84.0 84.5
NJ 86.4 89.5
NM 76.4 55.4
NY 83.2 92.5
NC 80.5 23.8
ND 78.9 69.3
OH 88.3 85.7
OK 84.8 49.7
OR 88.8 91.2
PA 82.3 91.1
RI 86.0 92.4
SC 76.8 26.9
SD 84.0 43.5
TN 85.0 43.1
TX 78.3 41.2
UT 78.0 56.5
VT 80.1 87.6
VA 82.5 36.0
WA 87.8 86.3
WV 82.0 65.2
WI 87.6 86.1
WY 83.7 42.6
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By union strength

State Gap Rank 
AL 2.1 32
AK -4.3 37
AZ 6.1 1
AR 3.5 4
CA 4.6 46
CO 3.6 17
CT 19.4 35
DE 2.8 33
DC 6.9 19
FL 3.7 2
GA 2.7 7
HI 2.7 51
ID 4.8 16
IL -1.1 44
IN 3.9 21
IA 5.2 25
KS .6 20
KY 2.5 24
LA 1.4 10
ME -1.0 30
MD 11.3 29
MA -2.6 31
MI -1.3 36
MN 10.8 38
MS 1.1 6
MO 4.0 14
MT 2.0 49
NE 12.0 26
NV 2.9 27
NH 11.7 22
NJ -4.9 45
NM -.6 15
NY 9.0 43
NC 2.4 12
ND -9.1 28
OH -5.0 40
OK 0.0 9
OR 5.6 50
PA 9.6 48
RI -5.8 47
SC 1.5 3
SD -2.8 18
TN .2 11
TX 2.1 8
UT -.9 13
VT 2.4 41
VA 14.9 5
WA 6.1 42
WV 2.3 39
WI -.4 34
WY -6.1 23
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By collective bargaining coverage

State Gap Rate 
AL 2.1 64.2
AK -4.3 91.2
AZ 6.1 47.0
AR 3.5 28.4
CA 4.6 89.1
CO 3.6 66.8
CT 19.4 89.6
DE 2.8 79.5
DC 6.9 68.0
FL 3.7 57.4
GA 2.7 31.3
HI 2.7 87.6
ID 4.8 57.0
IL -1.1 89.4
IN 3.9 80.5
IA 5.2 78.1
KS .6 69.6
KY 2.5 56.2
LA 1.4 35.4
ME -1.0 86.6
MD 11.3 81.7
MA -2.6 94.6
MI -1.3 91.9
MN 10.8 90.5
MS 1.1 29.8
MO 4.0 54.1
MT 2.0 85.5
NE 12.0 73.4
NV 2.9 70.0
NH 11.7 84.5
NJ -4.9 89.5
NM -.6 55.4
NY 9.0 92.5
NC 2.4 23.8
ND -9.1 69.3
OH -5.0 85.7
OK 0.0 49.7
OR 5.6 91.2
PA 9.6 91.1
RI -5.8 92.4
SC 1.5 26.9
SD -2.8 43.5
TN .2 43.1
TX 2.1 41.2
UT -.9 56.5
VT 2.4 87.6
VA 14.9 36.0
WA 6.1 86.3
WV 2.3 65.2
WI -.4 86.1
WY -6.1 42.6
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Economic Policy Institute

Note: High-poverty schools are those in which more than 50 percent of students are eligible for free and reduced-price lunch. On the inverse Fordham index of union strength, 1 is the lowest value. The CBC rate is the share of teachers covered by collective bargaining.

Source: Data on teacher experience are from the National Center for Education Statistics (8th-grade math); union strength rankings are from the Fordham Institute (Winkler, Scull, and Zeehandelaar 2012) and collective bargaining data are from the Current Population Survey

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