Table 22

Relatively disadvantaged U.S. students' mean scores in reading and math, Long-Term Trend and Main NAEP, 1978–2011

1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 1999 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2007 2008 2009 2011 Total change Average annual change
Reading
LTT
FRPL 243 244 1 0.1%
Mother < HS 244 250 246 242 245 243 241 242 243 -2 0.0%
Af Am 233 236 243 241 238 234 234 238 241 247 14 0.2%
Main
FRPL 246 249 247 247 247 249 252 6 0.2%
Mother < HS 245 244 248 251 249 247 248 250 250 6 0.1%
Af Am 237 236 243 245 244 243 245 246 249 11 0.2%
Math
LTT
FRPL 263 266 3 0.3%
Mother < HS 257 257 259 260 261 265 270 13 0.2%
Af Am 230 240 249 249 250 252 252 251 259 262 32 0.4%
Main
FRPL 251 254 259 262 265 266 269 18 0.5%
Mother < HS 247 252 255 256 260 262 265 267 268 21 0.4%
Af Am 237 237 241 245 252 255 260 261 262 26 0.5%

Note: FRPL is free and reduced-price lunch; Mother < HS is mother's educational status is less than high school, and Af Am is African American.

Source: Authors' analysis of National Center for Education Statistics' NAEP Data Explorer

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