Table 7

National average certified H-2B wage, average OES wage, and employer hourly wage savings in FY 2012 top 15 H-2B occupations, by state

SOC code Rank State Number of H-2B workers certified Weighted average hourly certified H-2B wage 2012 OES average hourly wage (state) Employer average hourly wage savings
Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers
37-3011 1 Total 26,363 $9.20 $12.44 $3.24
37-3011 TX 4,740 $8.89 $10.91 $2.02
37-3011 PA 2,401 $9.52 $12.88 $3.36
37-3011 CO 1,979 $9.67 $13.31 $3.64
37-3011 MD 1,882 $9.33 $12.42 $3.09
37-3011 MO 1,492 $9.43 $11.86 $2.43
37-3011 VA 1,461 $8.68 $11.58 $2.90
37-3011 NJ 1,316 $9.58 $13.21 $3.63
37-3011 NY 1,069 $9.98 $14.18 $4.20
37-3011 OH 943 $8.60 $11.79 $3.19
37-3011 NC 787 $8.62 $11.31 $2.69
37-3011 LA 775 $8.62 $10.55 $1.93
37-3011 OK 750 $8.21 $10.93 $2.72
37-3011 IL 609 $9.19 $12.33 $3.14
37-3011 FL 602 $8.33 $11.22 $2.89
37-3011 KS 523 $8.92 $11.77 $2.85
37-3011 MI 467 $9.16 $12.57 $3.41
37-3011 AR 459 $8.19 $10.93 $2.74
37-3011 KY 370 $8.80 $11.05 $2.25
37-3011 UT 367 $10.32 $12.20 $1.88
37-3011 IN 328 $9.17 $11.46 $2.29
37-3011 DE 256 $9.46 $12.06 $2.60
37-3011 CT 233 $10.76 $14.86 $4.10
37-3011 AL 230 $8.79 $10.66 $1.87
37-3011 GA 229 $8.83 $12.00 $3.17
37-3011 SC 216 $8.70 $10.69 $1.99
37-3011 TN 212 $9.22 $11.27 $2.05
37-3011 MA 210 $12.24 $15.81 $3.57
37-3011 AZ 203 $9.04 $10.95 $1.91
37-3011 MS 195 $9.21 $10.69 $1.48
37-3011 MN 173 $9.39 $13.31 $3.92
37-3011 CA 139 $10.18 $13.65 $3.47
37-3011 NH 109 $10.40 $13.74 $3.34
37-3011 SD 95 $10.33 $11.57 $1.24
37-3011 ND 89 $10.37 $11.89 $1.52
37-3011 WV 86 $8.05 $10.05 $2.00
37-3011 WY 68 $9.88 $13.49 $3.61
37-3011 ME 49 $9.66 $12.44 $2.78
37-3011 NE 46 $10.67 $11.58 $0.91
37-3011 WA 42 $11.71 $14.52 $2.81
37-3011 RI 37 $13.08 $12.99 -$0.09
37-3011 NM 33 $9.83 $11.33 $1.50
37-3011 ID 31 $9.55 $12.01 $2.46
37-3011 IA 16 $12.01 $12.14 $0.13
37-3011 MT 15 $10.04 $12.34 $2.30
37-3011 VT 15 $10.00 $13.91 $3.91
37-3011 WI 8 $8.50 $13.21 $4.71
37-3011 AK 4 $11.73 $15.00 $3.27
37-3011 PR 4 $9.54 N/A N/A
Forest and Conservation Workers
45-4011 2 Total 8,817 $10.48 $13.75 $3.27
45-4011 AR 1,847 $11.08 $13.38 $2.30
45-4011 MS 1,658 $11.46 $16.13 $4.67
45-4011 AL 805 $9.04 $18.22 $9.18
45-4011 SC 573 $9.86 $12.75 $2.89
45-4011 LA 506 $12.79 $17.01 $4.22
45-4011 ID 375 $8.87 N/A N/A
45-4011 ME 372 $10.53 N/A N/A
45-4011 MN 312 $9.32 N/A N/A
45-4011 WA 306 $9.43 $12.03 $2.60
45-4011 VA 276 $9.60 $16.68 $7.08
45-4011 GA 269 $8.84 $12.65 $3.81
45-4011 CA 231 $8.62 $10.66 $2.04
45-4011 TN 196 $10.30 $12.24 $1.94
45-4011 AZ 149 $9.31 N/A N/A
45-4011 FL 149 $9.65 N/A N/A
45-4011 TX 123 $9.71 $11.86 $2.15
45-4011 UT 114 $8.59 N/A N/A
45-4011 NM 109 $11.77 $14.04 $2.27
45-4011 OR 109 $12.63 $15.51 $2.88
45-4011 MI 68 $12.14 $17.38 $5.24
45-4011 NC 68 $10.38 N/A N/A
45-4011 SD 59 $11.76 $13.01 $1.25
45-4011 GU 47 $11.76 N/A N/A
45-4011 OK 45 $13.09 N/A N/A
45-4011 AK 33 $8.59 N/A N/A
45-4011 PA 18 $9.60 $22.44 $12.84
Amusement and Recreation Attendants
39-3091 3 Total 5,180 $8.07 $9.63 $1.56
39-3091 FL 839 $8.04 $9.56 $1.52
39-3091 TX 811 $7.96 $9.31 $1.35
39-3091 CA 732 $8.23 $10.46 $2.23
39-3091 AZ 503 $8.02 $9.01 $0.99
39-3091 NY 344 $8.42 $10.42 $2.00
39-3091 MD 174 $8.17 $9.30 $1.13
39-3091 IL 152 $7.75 $9.75 $2.00
39-3091 PA 140 $8.02 $9.46 $1.45
39-3091 LA 129 $8.32 $9.40 $1.08
39-3091 MI 129 $8.02 $9.25 $1.23
39-3091 IN 110 $8.25 $8.91 $0.66
39-3091 OK 103 $7.68 $8.69 $1.01
39-3091 NH 82 $8.59 $9.25 $0.66
39-3091 OH 78 $7.86 $9.47 $1.61
39-3091 TN 78 $7.60 $9.19 $1.59
39-3091 CO 67 $7.89 $9.79 $1.90
39-3091 RI 67 $7.98 $8.94 $0.96
39-3091 GA 66 $7.68 $9.09 $1.41
39-3091 MA 58 $8.11 $10.46 $2.35
39-3091 ME 50 $8.34 $9.26 $0.92
39-3091 SC 47 $7.71 $9.27 $1.56
39-3091 KS 40 $8.12 $9.04 $0.92
39-3091 KY 39 $7.67 $8.63 $0.96
39-3091 UT 39 $7.71 $8.99 $1.28
39-3091 AL 35 $7.67 $8.84 $1.17
39-3091 VA 35 $7.97 $9.07 $1.10
39-3091 NJ 33 $10.13 $9.23 -$0.90
39-3091 MN 32 $8.24 $9.39 $1.15
39-3091 ID 30 $7.77 $8.88 $1.11
39-3091 MO 30 $8.02 $9.93 $1.91
39-3091 HI 29 $8.12 $11.65 $3.53
39-3091 AR 18 $7.70 $9.34 $1.64
39-3091 NE 18 $8.13 $8.81 $0.69
39-3091 MS 15 $7.70 $9.74 $2.04
39-3091 NM 12 $7.92 $9.90 $1.98
39-3091 WY 10 $8.74 $9.60 $0.86
39-3091 WV 6 $8.22 $8.91 $0.69
Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners
37-2012 4 Total 3,153 $8.86 $10.49 $1.63
37-2012 FL 690 $8.53 $9.58 $1.05
37-2012 MA 372 $9.71 $13.03 $3.32
37-2012 MI 365 $8.31 $10.50 $2.19
37-2012 SC 342 $8.43 $8.99 $0.56
37-2012 WY 170 $8.32 $9.36 $1.04
37-2012 TX 111 $8.37 $8.82 $0.45
37-2012 ME 110 $8.97 $10.03 $1.06
37-2012 CO 108 $11.55 $10.33 -$1.22
37-2012 SD 102 $8.03 $9.05 $1.02
37-2012 VA 95 $8.28 $9.58 $1.30
37-2012 PA 80 $10.12 $10.18 $0.06
37-2012 NY 79 $9.33 $14.89 $5.56
37-2012 MD 58 $8.42 $10.30 $1.88
37-2012 MT 53 $8.24 $9.55 $1.31
37-2012 AZ 51 $8.73 $9.52 $0.79
37-2012 RI 47 $9.51 $11.42 $1.91
37-2012 VT 44 $10.25 $10.93 $0.68
37-2012 NJ 40 $8.88 $11.01 $2.14
37-2012 NV 40 $10.28 $13.53 $3.25
37-2012 MO 39 $8.62 $9.39 $0.77
37-2012 ND 34 $9.43 $9.69 $0.26
37-2012 NC 31 $8.28 $9.26 $0.98
37-2012 NH 27 $9.88 $10.49 $0.61
37-2012 IN 25 $8.82 $9.32 $0.50
37-2012 UT 14 $8.28 $9.46 $1.18
37-2012 OK 12 $8.59 $8.99 $0.40
37-2012 CA 11 $8.94 $11.74 $2.80
37-2012 KY 2 $8.08 $9.04 $0.96
37-2012 IA 1 $9.77 $9.67 -$0.10
Helpers–Production Workers
51-9198 5 Total 2,166 $8.89 $11.84 $2.95
51-9198 TX 503 $8.79 $11.10 $2.31
51-9198 LA 470 $8.76 $12.06 $3.30
51-9198 AL 214 $9.04 $10.73 $1.69
51-9198 MD 203 $8.57 $13.86 $5.29
51-9198 VA 180 $7.60 $11.79 $4.19
51-9198 OK 94 $8.73 $11.97 $3.24
51-9198 CO 77 $9.31 $12.53 $3.22
51-9198 AR 67 $8.41 $11.35 $2.94
51-9198 NJ 51 $8.83 $11.05 $2.22
51-9198 MA 49 $11.12 $13.15 $2.03
51-9198 PA 34 $9.46 $13.04 $3.58
51-9198 NC 32 $9.26 $11.37 $2.11
51-9198 DE 29 $10.61 $11.82 $1.21
51-9198 ME 28 $8.46 $12.62 $4.16
51-9198 MI 20 $8.12 $12.50 $4.38
51-9198 FL 18 $12.35 $11.85 -$0.50
51-9198 MO 18 $9.43 $12.03 $2.60
51-9198 NE 15 $8.90 $11.49 $2.59
51-9198 ND 14 $12.73 $11.75 -$0.98
51-9198 OH 14 $12.50 $12.28 -$0.22
51-9198 UT 10 $11.00 $11.13 $0.13
51-9198 VT 9 $8.97 $12.23 $3.26
51-9198 GA 6 $10.69 $10.88 $0.19
51-9198 IL 5 $9.37 $12.16 $2.79
51-9198 NY 4 $11.75 $12.17 $0.42
51-9198 KY 2 $15.49 $11.34 -$4.15
Waiters and Waitresses
35-3031 6 Total 1,706 $9.84 $9.95 $0.11
35-3031 FL 610 $10.05 $10.12 $0.07
35-3031 NY 242 $10.02 $10.94 $0.92
35-3031 MA 216 $12.39 $13.13 $0.74
35-3031 MI 178 $7.94 $9.45 $1.51
35-3031 SC 98 $8.46 $8.76 $0.30
35-3031 CT 51 $9.87 $10.77 $0.90
35-3031 NJ 45 $9.49 $10.60 $1.11
35-3031 NC 44 $9.75 $9.20 -$0.55
35-3031 ME 40 $9.04 $10.11 $1.07
35-3031 CO 37 $9.14 $10.41 $1.27
35-3031 NH 25 $8.50 $9.77 $1.27
35-3031 AL 22 $8.14 $8.52 $0.38
35-3031 PA 21 $9.55 $9.93 $0.38
35-3031 OK 20 $7.81 $8.80 $0.99
35-3031 IL 16 $10.89 $10.30 -$0.59
35-3031 ND 15 $7.84 $9.75 $1.91
35-3031 TX 14 $8.35 $9.27 $0.92
35-3031 AR 7 $8.90 $8.40 -$0.50
35-3031 SD 5 $8.10 $8.60 $0.50
First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers
37-1011 7 Total 1,609 $9.25 $18.19 $8.94
37-1011 MA 229 $10.02 $22.11 $12.09
37-1011 ME 203 $8.92 $17.83 $8.91
37-1011 MI 176 $8.26 $17.78 $9.52
37-1011 FL 159 $8.79 $16.30 $7.51
37-1011 CO 103 $12.10 $19.18 $7.08
37-1011 VT 94 $9.90 $18.67 $8.77
37-1011 LA 93 $8.79 $15.12 $6.33
37-1011 SC 86 $8.55 $15.24 $6.69
37-1011 SD 72 $8.35 $17.21 $8.86
37-1011 UT 63 $10.55 $17.79 $7.24
37-1011 MT 57 $8.31 $16.57 $8.26
37-1011 NY 40 $9.12 $23.63 $14.51
37-1011 NE 38 $7.94 $16.04 $8.10
37-1011 NC 36 $9.57 $16.39 $6.82
37-1011 NJ 36 $8.13 $21.34 $13.21
37-1011 AL 30 $8.50 $16.80 $8.30
37-1011 MO 27 $8.71 $15.86 $7.15
37-1011 MD 25 $11.70 $18.08 $6.38
37-1011 WY 18 $8.38 $17.16 $8.78
37-1011 CT 9 $11.06 $22.01 $10.95
37-1011 AZ 5 $8.12 $16.48 $8.36
37-1011 NH 5 $8.70 $18.74 $10.04
37-1011 VA 5 $8.34 $17.79 $9.45
Nonfarm Animal Caretakers
39-2021 8 Total 1,288 $9.89 $10.75 $0.86
39-2021 NY 566 $10.21 $11.90 $1.69
39-2021 CA 134 $11.08 $11.76 $0.68
39-2021 KY 117 $8.84 $10.26 $1.42
39-2021 NM 94 $8.54 $10.55 $2.01
39-2021 FL 92 $10.13 $10.79 $0.66
39-2021 MD 67 $9.63 $11.77 $2.14
39-2021 NJ 30 $9.71 $11.48 $1.77
39-2021 AZ 24 $8.34 $10.23 $1.89
39-2021 OK 19 $9.12 $9.98 $0.86
39-2021 PA 19 $10.15 $9.61 -$0.54
39-2021 LA 15 $9.65 $11.19 $1.54
39-2021 MN 15 $9.57 $9.66 $0.09
39-2021 OH 15 $8.62 $10.07 $1.45
39-2021 DE 14 $11.98 $10.42 -$1.56
39-2021 IA 14 $8.85 $10.91 $2.06
39-2021 TX 14 $8.87 $10.19 $1.33
39-2021 AR 13 $8.98 $9.31 $0.33
39-2021 MI 11 $10.50 $10.19 -$0.31
39-2021 ID 3 $9.20 $9.95 $0.75
39-2021 IL 3 $9.74 $10.55 $0.81
39-2021 TN 3 $8.77 $10.26 $1.49
39-2021 WA 3 $10.46 $12.58 $2.12
39-2021 WV 2 $9.84 $9.33 -$0.51
39-2021 GA 1 $9.68 $9.83 $0.15
Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers
51-3022 9 Total 1,143 $8.25 $11.39 $3.14
51-3022 LA 264 $8.11 $10.20 $2.09
51-3022 MD 203 $7.39 $10.91 $3.52
51-3022 VA 175 $7.45 $10.33 $2.88
51-3022 NC 140 $7.74 $10.62 $2.88
51-3022 TX 133 $8.23 $10.41 $2.18
51-3022 AK 124 $11.82 $9.89 -$1.93
51-3022 MS 74 $7.68 $9.92 $2.24
51-3022 FL 20 $9.00 $11.35 $2.35
51-3022 SD 7 $8.44 $13.47 $5.03
51-3022 WA 3 $10.01 $13.23 $3.22
Helpers–Carpenters
47-3012 10 Total 1,135 $10.51 $13.09 $2.58
47-3012 TX 334 $9.91 $12.67 $2.76
47-3012 SD 177 $9.78 $9.81 $0.03
47-3012 AL 120 $9.29 $10.50 $1.22
47-3012 IL 62 $15.01 $12.48 -$2.53
47-3012 AZ 59 $8.46 $13.78 $5.32
47-3012 MA 56 $15.34 $17.72 $2.38
47-3012 NC 55 $9.02 $11.73 $2.71
47-3012 LA 52 $10.31 $11.43 $1.12
47-3012 MS 39 $8.51 $12.78 $4.27
47-3012 PA 32 $10.46 $13.14 $2.68
47-3012 CO 30 $11.17 $14.28 $3.11
47-3012 VA 28 $12.58 $12.18 -$0.40
47-3012 OK 23 $9.55 $10.99 $1.44
47-3012 OH 15 $11.50 $13.52 $2.02
47-3012 ND 12 $12.03 $13.47 $1.45
47-3012 UT 12 $13.36 $11.52 -$1.84
47-3012 MD 10 $12.54 $11.60 -$0.94
47-3012 MN 9 $12.75 $13.80 $1.05
47-3012 CA 3 $23.46 $15.66 -$7.80
47-3012 CT 3 $14.62 $15.65 $1.03
47-3012 KY 3 $11.88 $12.81 $0.93
47-3012 NJ 1 $12.95 $12.88 -$0.07
Coaches and Scouts
27-2022 11 Total 1,115 $15.64 $17.63 $1.99
27-2022 NJ 307 $16.22 $19.77 $3.55
27-2022 CA 210 $19.98 $20.60 $0.62
27-2022 MA 136 $19.25 $20.34 $1.09
27-2022 IL 114 $13.65 $14.48 $0.83
27-2022 NY 91 $12.60 $20.31 $7.70
27-2022 KS 65 $8.62 $12.53 $3.92
27-2022 CT 49 $13.29 $17.11 $3.82
27-2022 PA 35 $10.86 $14.83 $3.97
27-2022 FL 30 $14.15 $23.15 $9.00
27-2022 RI 22 $13.87 $21.00 $7.13
27-2022 OH 20 $8.03 $15.50 $7.47
27-2022 MD 10 $10.86 $23.49 $12.63
27-2022 NH 10 $12.70 $18.43 $5.73
27-2022 MI 7 $16.21 $14.44 -$1.77
27-2022 WA 5 $10.94 $18.10 $7.16
27-2022 KY 2 $10.53 $19.51 $8.98
27-2022 MP 1 $28.85 N/A N/A
27-2022 PR 1 $9.25 N/A N/A
Packers and Packagers, Hand
53-7064 12 Total 967 $8.07 $10.80 $2.73
53-7064 LA 576 $8.02 $10.96 $2.94
53-7064 VA 206 $7.81 $10.85 $3.04
53-7064 TX 91 $8.07 $10.43 $2.36
53-7064 MS 35 $7.98 $10.35 $2.37
53-7064 ME 28 $8.35 $10.49 $2.14
53-7064 AL 14 $7.86 $10.28 $2.42
53-7064 AK 9 $16.00 $13.07 -$2.93
53-7064 MD 4 $7.76 $11.63 $3.87
53-7064 NY 4 $9.92 $11.04 $1.12
Machine Feeders and Offbearers
53-7063 13 Total 939 $9.73 $13.79 $4.06
53-7063 TX 610 $9.69 $13.64 $3.95
53-7063 PA 61 $9.27 $14.45 $5.18
53-7063 KY 40 $9.65 $14.05 $4.40
53-7063 ND 40 $12.50 $12.70 $0.20
53-7063 MS 37 $8.18 $12.25 $4.07
53-7063 LA 35 $8.72 $15.06 $6.34
53-7063 ID 25 $9.80 $13.24 $3.44
53-7063 VT 22 $9.70 $12.35 $2.65
53-7063 VA 14 $8.87 $14.33 $5.46
53-7063 AL 12 $11.50 $13.27 $1.77
53-7063 NV 10 $14.11 $13.39 -$0.72
53-7063 WV 9 $8.48 $15.45 $6.97
53-7063 IL 8 $9.37 $14.08 $4.71
53-7063 OH 8 $8.39 $14.87 $6.48
53-7063 AK 3 $10.74 N/A N/A
53-7063 NY 3 $11.00 $13.04 $2.04
53-7063 OK 2 $9.71 $13.65 $3.94
Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers
35-9011 14 Total 804 $8.73 $9.47 $0.74
35-9011 FL 326 $8.96 $9.22 $0.26
35-9011 NY 81 $8.61 $9.72 $1.11
35-9011 SD 56 $7.82 $8.95 $1.13
35-9011 MA 52 $9.33 $11.15 $1.82
35-9011 RI 40 $9.33 $8.82 -$0.51
35-9011 VT 29 $10.31 $10.19 -$0.12
35-9011 CO 25 $8.13 $9.52 $1.39
35-9011 NH 25 $8.78 $9.24 $0.46
35-9011 PA 25 $8.08 $8.94 $0.86
35-9011 VA 25 $7.68 $9.75 $2.07
35-9011 MO 22 $8.72 $9.15 $0.43
35-9011 AZ 20 $9.03 $9.31 $0.28
35-9011 UT 20 $7.67 $9.15 $1.49
35-9011 ME 19 $7.99 $9.42 $1.43
35-9011 MI 15 $7.98 $9.32 $1.34
35-9011 WY 10 $7.50 $8.65 $1.15
35-9011 NC 9 $8.40 $8.78 $0.38
35-9011 NJ 5 $8.42 $9.38 $0.96
Fishers and Related Fishing Workers
45-3011 15 Total 802 $11.26 $17.74 $6.48
45-3011 LA 341 $12.02 N/A N/A
45-3011 TX 318 $11.06 N/A N/A
45-3011 VA 80 $7.44 $14.72 $7.28
45-3011 MS 43 $13.41 N/A N/A
45-3011 MD 8 $8.93 N/A N/A
45-3011 MA 7 $14.38 N/A N/A
45-3011 FL 5 $14.05 N/A N/A

Note: All values are in 2012 dollars.

SOC stands for Standard Occupational Classification system used by federal agencies to classify workers into occupational categories.

Source: EPI analysis of the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Occupational Employment Statistics and (for top 15 H-2B occupations) of H-2B disclosure data from the Office of Foreign Labor Certification's Performance Data

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