Chart: Workers in construction and manufacturing are much more likely to be unionized (thus enjoying higher wages and better benefits): Share of workers represented by a union, by industry, 2019

Chart 8

Workers in construction and manufacturing are much more likely to be unionized (thus enjoying higher wages and better benefits): Share of workers represented by a union, by industry, 2019

	Unionized share
Construction	10.6%
Manufacturing	11.3%
Services	8.8%

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Source: Economic Policy Institute (EPI) analysis of Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement microdata (Flood et al. 2021). Construction category includes CPS occupation code 770, manufacturing category includes occupational codes 1070–3990, and services includes occupational code 4070.

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Botched policy responses to globalization have decimated manufacturing employment with often overlooked costs for Black, Brown, and other workers of color: Investing in infrastructure and rebalancing trade can create good jobs for all

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