Figure K

Unionization and voter suppression legislation: Union density and presence of voting restrictions, by state in 2019

State Voter ID laws Requires proof of citizenship Limits early voting Limits absentee voting Limits mail-in collection Limits registration Limits felon voting Purge notice Voter ID ind Proof of citizenship ind Limit early ind Limit absentee ind Limit mail-In collection ind Limit registration ind Limit felon ind Purge notice ind
Alabama Yes Yes No No No No No No 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Alaska No No No No No No No No 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arizona Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0
Arkansas Yes No No No No No No No 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
California No No No No No No No No 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Colorado No No No No No No No No 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Connecticut No No No No No No No No 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Delaware No No No No No No No No 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Washington D.C.
Florida No No Yes No No Yes Yes No 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0
Georgia No Yes Yes No No Yes No No 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
Hawaii No No No No No No No No 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Idaho No No No No No No No No 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Illinois No No No No No Yes No No 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
Indiana Yes No No Yes No No No Yes 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
Iowa Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0
Kansas Yes Yes No No No No No No 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kentucky No No No No No No No No 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Louisiana No No No No No No No No 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Maine No No No No No No No No 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Maryland No No No No No No No No 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Massachusetts No No No No No No No No 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Michigan No No No No No No No No 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Minnesota No No No No No No No No 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mississippi Yes No No No No No No No 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Missouri Yes No No No No No No No 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Montana No No No No Yes No No No 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Nebraska No No Yes No No No No No 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Nevada No No No No No No No No 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
New Hampshire Yes No No No No Yes No No 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
New Jersey No No No No No No No No 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
New Mexico No No No No No No No No 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
New York No No No No No No No No 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
North Carolina Yes No Yes No No No No No 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
North Dakota Yes No No No No No No No 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ohio No No Yes Yes No No No No 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
Oklahoma No No No No No No No No 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oregon No No No No No No No No 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pennsylvania No No No No No No No No 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rhode Island Yes No No No No No No No 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
South Carolina Yes No No No No No No No 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
South Dakota No No No No No No Yes No 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Tennessee Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
Texas Yes No Yes No No Yes No No 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
Utah No No No No No No No No 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vermont No No No No No No No No 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Virginia Yes No No No No Yes No No 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
Washington No No No No No No No No 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
West Virginia No No Yes No No No No No 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Wisconsin Yes No Yes No No Yes No No 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
Wyoming No No No No No No No No 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Economic Policy Institute

Note: Other restrictions may be in effect that passed before 2011, and some of the restrictions listed here may have been struck down or modified by courts. This analysis looks at restrictions passed by states from 2011-2019. We include as examples of voting restrictions laws which: require voter ID or proof of citizenship, limit absentee and mail-in collection, limit registration, and limit participation by those previously incarcerated.

Source: EPI 2021 (CPS-ORG); Bipartisan Policy Center 2021

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