Appendix Table 5

Summary of impact of increasing the minimum wage to $15 by 2024 (in 2024), by state

State Total estimated state workforce (thousands) Directly affected (thousands) Share of state workforce directly affected Indirectly affected (thousands) Share of state workforce indirectly affected Total affected (thousands) Total share of state workforce affected State’s share of total affected nationally Change in total annual wages of state’s affected workers (2018$, thousands) Change in avg. annual earnings of state’s affected year-round workers (2018$) Real percent change in avg. annual earnings
National total 149,340 28,078 18.8% 11,595 7.8% 39,673 26.6% 100.0% $117,967,152 $3,000 14.0%
Alabama 2,010 581 28.9% 172 8.6% 754 37.5% 1.9% $2,820,747 $3,700 18.0%
Alaska 350 64 18.3% 18 5.1% 82 23.4% 0.2% $226,885 $2,800 11.9%
Arizona 2,986 694 23.2% 346 11.6% 1,040 34.8% 2.6% $928,148 $900 3.7%
Arkansas 1,243 369 29.7% 118 9.5% 487 39.2% 1.2% $1,099,408 $2,300 9.9%
California 18,753 7 0.0% 4 0.0% 11 0.1% 0.0% $20,219 $1,800 7.2%
Colorado 2,667 447 16.8% 313 11.7% 760 28.5% 1.9% $602,641 $800 3.4%
Connecticut 1,768 332 18.8% 132 7.5% 465 26.3% 1.2% $1,068,581 $2,300 11.8%
Delaware 433 111 25.6% 34 7.8% 145 33.5% 0.4% $442,554 $3,100 14.8%
District of Columbia 361 7 1.8% 9 2.4% 15 4.2% 0.0% $37,733 $2,500 9.4%
Florida 8,874 2,501 28.2% 774 8.7% 3,275 36.9% 8.3% $10,487,542 $3,200 14.9%
Georgia 4,533 1,205 26.6% 369 8.1% 1,575 34.7% 4.0% $5,840,009 $3,700 17.6%
Hawaii 714 175 24.5% 62 8.7% 237 33.2% 0.6% $554,940 $2,300 10.6%
Idaho 710 201 28.3% 69 9.8% 271 38.1% 0.7% $977,421 $3,600 17.5%
Illinois 6,121 1,031 16.8% 981 16.0% 2,012 32.9% 5.1% $4,490,026 $2,200 10.2%
Indiana 3,022 818 27.1% 294 9.7% 1,113 36.8% 2.8% $3,597,951 $3,200 15.9%
Iowa 1,525 406 26.6% 132 8.7% 538 35.3% 1.4% $1,628,645 $3,000 15.2%
Kansas 1,377 341 24.7% 140 10.1% 480 34.9% 1.2% $1,484,708 $3,100 14.7%
Kentucky 1,860 533 28.7% 159 8.5% 692 37.2% 1.7% $2,685,891 $3,900 18.9%
Louisiana 1,985 560 28.2% 185 9.3% 745 37.5% 1.9% $2,996,969 $4,000 18.9%
Maine 617 123 20.0% 80 12.9% 203 32.9% 0.5% $208,705 $1,000 4.6%
Maryland 3,032 479 15.8% 191 6.3% 670 22.1% 1.7% $1,839,055 $2,700 12.8%
Massachusetts 3,456 33 1.0% 87 2.5% 121 3.5% 0.3% $227,502 $1,900 8.5%
Michigan 4,367 1,050 24.1% 419 9.6% 1,469 33.6% 3.7% $3,613,068 $2,500 11.9%
Minnesota 2,773 323 11.7% 101 3.7% 425 15.3% 1.1% $777,756 $1,800 9.5%
Mississippi 1,199 396 33.0% 103 8.6% 499 41.6% 1.3% $2,097,470 $4,200 20.1%
Missouri 2,760 677 24.5% 232 8.4% 909 32.9% 2.3% $1,680,153 $1,800 8.6%
Montana 457 128 28.0% 40 8.7% 168 36.7% 0.4% $423,578 $2,500 12.5%
Nebraska 949 227 23.9% 89 9.4% 316 33.3% 0.8% $756,360 $2,400 11.5%
Nevada 1,379 396 28.7% 159 11.6% 555 40.3% 1.4% $1,712,021 $3,100 13.4%
New Hampshire 679 123 18.1% 50 7.4% 173 25.5% 0.4% $460,586 $2,700 14.0%
New Jersey 4,397 796 18.1% 326 7.4% 1,123 25.5% 2.8% $3,128,308 $2,800 13.7%
New Mexico 923 280 30.3% 83 9.0% 363 39.3% 0.9% $1,165,722 $3,200 15.1%
New York 9,450 504 5.3% 680 7.2% 1,183 12.5% 3.0% $1,078,848 $900 3.9%
North Carolina 4,474 1,227 27.4% 360 8.0% 1,587 35.5% 4.0% $6,017,683 $3,800 18.4%
North Dakota 380 77 20.2% 32 8.5% 109 28.7% 0.3% $294,557 $2,700 13.0%
Ohio 5,305 1,419 26.7% 430 8.1% 1,849 34.9% 4.7% $5,514,513 $3,000 14.7%
Oklahoma 1,714 438 25.6% 164 9.6% 602 35.1% 1.5% $2,276,758 $3,800 17.9%
Oregon 1,816 73 4.0% 246 13.6% 319 17.6% 0.8% $204,419 $600 2.7%
Pennsylvania 5,910 1,475 25.0% 529 9.0% 2,004 33.9% 5.1% $6,698,663 $3,300 16.9%
Rhode Island 516 92 17.9% 50 9.6% 142 27.5% 0.4% $290,337 $2,000 10.0%
South Carolina 2,132 527 24.7% 209 9.8% 736 34.5% 1.9% $2,674,401 $3,600 17.4%
South Dakota 414 102 24.7% 40 9.7% 142 34.4% 0.4% $339,289 $2,400 11.0%
Tennessee 2,926 796 27.2% 274 9.4% 1,069 36.5% 2.7% $3,854,280 $3,600 17.0%
Texas 13,157 3,624 27.5% 1,088 8.3% 4,712 35.8% 11.9% $18,781,857 $4,000 18.8%
Utah 1,364 364 26.7% 124 9.1% 488 35.8% 1.2% $1,443,535 $3,000 15.4%
Vermont 302 63 20.8% 25 8.1% 87 28.9% 0.2% $128,792 $1,500 6.8%
Virginia 4,034 895 22.2% 293 7.3% 1,187 29.4% 3.0% $4,172,251 $3,500 17.1%
Washington 3,340 56 1.7% 456 13.7% 513 15.4% 1.3% $116,339 $200 0.9%
West Virginia 718 195 27.2% 59 8.3% 255 35.5% 0.6% $800,502 $3,100 14.9%
Wisconsin 2,832 670 23.7% 239 8.5% 909 32.1% 2.3% $2,887,627 $3,200 16.6%
Wyoming 278 65 23.2% 24 8.6% 88 31.8% 0.2% $311,194 $3,500 16.8%

Notes: Values reflect the result of the proposed change in the federal minimum wage. Wage changes resulting from scheduled state and local minimum wage laws are accounted for by EPI’s Minimum Wage Simulation Model. Totals may not sum due to rounding. Shares calculated from unrounded values. Directly affected workers would see their wages rise as the new minimum wage rate will exceed their current hourly pay. Indirectly affected workers have a wage rate just above the new minimum wage (between the new minimum wage and 115 percent of the new minimum). They would receive a raise as employer pay scales are adjusted upward to reflect the new minimum wage.

Source: Economic Policy Institute Minimum Wage Simulation Model using data from the Census Bureau, Bureau of Labor Statistics, and Congressional Budget Office. See Cooper, Mokhiber, and Zipperer 2019. Dollar values adjusted by projections for CPI-U in CBO 2018.

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