Characteristics of Baltimore workers who would be affected by increasing the minimum wage to $15 by 2022
| Category | Estimated workforce1 | Directly affected2 | Share directly affected | Indirectly affected3 | Share indirectly affected | Total affected | Share of category affected (directly or indirectly) | Share of total affected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 364,000 | 69,000 | 19.1% | 19,000 | 5.2% | 88,000 | 24.2% | 100.0% |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | 191,000 | 39,000 | 20.5% | 11,000 | 5.5% | 50,000 | 26.2% | 56.8% |
| Male | 173,000 | 30,000 | 17.5% | 8,000 | 4.8% | 38,000 | 22.0% | 43.2% |
| Age | ||||||||
| 20 + | 357,000 | 65,000 | 18.3% | 19,000 | 5.3% | 84,000 | 23.5% | 95.5% |
| Under 20 | 7,000 | 4,000 | 59.6% | – | 1.2% | 4,000 | 57.1% | 4.5% |
| Under 25 | 36,000 | 17,000 | 47.4% | 2,000 | 6.8% | 19,000 | 52.8% | 21.6% |
| 25 to 39 | 135,000 | 29,000 | 21.4% | 9,000 | 6.5% | 38,000 | 28.1% | 43.2% |
| 40 to 54 | 117,000 | 14,000 | 12.1% | 5,000 | 4.7% | 19,000 | 16.2% | 21.6% |
| 55+ | 75,000 | 9,000 | 12.5% | 2,000 | 2.8% | 11,000 | 14.7% | 12.5% |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 169,000 | 21,000 | 12.4% | 6,000 | 3.5% | 27,000 | 16.0% | 30.7% |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 149,000 | 38,000 | 25.4% | 10,000 | 6.7% | 48,000 | 32.2% | 54.5% |
| Hispanic, any race | 19,000 | 5,000 | 28.5% | 2,000 | 11.6% | 7,000 | 36.8% | 8.0% |
| Asian | 20,000 | 4,000 | 19.9% | – | 1.9% | 4,000 | 20.0% | 4.5% |
| Other | 6,000 | 1,000 | 17.7% | – | 4.2% | 1,000 | 16.7% | 1.1% |
| Education | ||||||||
| Less than high school | 27,000 | 12,000 | 42.6% | 2,000 | 6.1% | 14,000 | 51.9% | 15.9% |
| High school | 87,000 | 23,000 | 26.2% | 7,000 | 7.5% | 30,000 | 34.5% | 34.1% |
| Some college | 65,000 | 16,000 | 24.6% | 4,000 | 5.9% | 20,000 | 30.8% | 22.7% |
| Assoc degree | 25,000 | 5,000 | 20.3% | 1,000 | 4.9% | 6,000 | 24.0% | 6.8% |
| Bachelors or higher | 160,000 | 14,000 | 8.8% | 6,000 | 3.5% | 20,000 | 12.5% | 22.7% |
| Family status | ||||||||
| Married parent | 95,000 | 9,000 | 9.7% | 3,000 | 2.7% | 12,000 | 12.6% | 13.6% |
| Single parent | 45,000 | 10,000 | 22.3% | 4,000 | 8.3% | 14,000 | 31.1% | 15.9% |
| Married, no kids | 67,000 | 8,000 | 11.8% | 3,000 | 4.6% | 11,000 | 16.4% | 12.5% |
| Single, no kids | 156,000 | 42,000 | 27.0% | 9,000 | 6.0% | 51,000 | 32.7% | 58.0% |
| Work hours | ||||||||
| Part time (< 20 hours per week) | 17,000 | 6,000 | 33.7% | 2,000 | 9.8% | 8,000 | 47.1% | 9.1% |
| Mid time (20-34 hours per week) | 36,000 | 16,000 | 45.6% | 1,000 | 2.4% | 17,000 | 47.2% | 19.3% |
| Full time (35+ hour per week) | 311,000 | 47,000 | 15.2% | 16,000 | 5.2% | 63,000 | 20.3% | 71.6% |
| Sector | ||||||||
| Federal govt | 21,000 | – | 0.0% | – | 0.0% | – | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| For profit | 210,000 | 53,000 | 25.2% | 14,000 | 6.6% | 67,000 | 31.9% | 76.1% |
| Local govt | 31,000 | 4,000 | 12.6% | 1,000 | 4.7% | 5,000 | 16.1% | 5.7% |
| Non-profit | 70,000 | 12,000 | 17.9% | 3,000 | 5.0% | 15,000 | 21.4% | 17.0% |
| State govt | 32,000 | – | 0.0% | – | 0.0% | – | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Industry | ||||||||
| Construction | 20,000 | 2,000 | 8.2% | 2,000 | 8.1% | 4,000 | 20.0% | 4.5% |
| Manufacturing | 17,000 | 3,000 | 18.4% | 1,000 | 3.4% | 4,000 | 23.5% | 4.5% |
| Retail trade | 22,000 | 11,000 | 51.1% | 2,000 | 7.2% | 13,000 | 59.1% | 14.8% |
| Transportation, warehousing | 15,000 | 2,000 | 12.9% | 1,000 | 5.8% | 3,000 | 20.0% | 3.4% |
| Finance, insurance | 17,000 | 1,000 | 8.3% | 1,000 | 8.8% | 2,000 | 11.8% | 2.3% |
| Professional & business services | 25,000 | 2,000 | 8.0% | 1,000 | 3.9% | 3,000 | 12.0% | 3.4% |
| Administrative services & waste management | 11,000 | 5,000 | 42.2% | – | 3.4% | 5,000 | 45.5% | 5.7% |
| Educational | 50,000 | 7,000 | 14.6% | 2,000 | 3.3% | 9,000 | 18.0% | 10.2% |
| Ambulatory care | 13,000 | 3,000 | 26.5% | – | 3.3% | 3,000 | 23.1% | 3.4% |
| Residential care | 21,000 | 6,000 | 27.2% | 1,000 | 6.9% | 7,000 | 33.3% | 8.0% |
| Hospitals | 54,000 | 6,000 | 10.8% | 3,000 | 5.7% | 9,000 | 16.7% | 10.2% |
| Accommodation & food service | 22,000 | 11,000 | 50.1% | 2,000 | 8.7% | 13,000 | 59.1% | 14.8% |
| Other services | 15,000 | 5,000 | 33.0% | 1,000 | 4.2% | 6,000 | 40.0% | 6.8% |
| Public Administration | 41,000 | – | 0.9% | 1,000 | 2.2% | 1,000 | 2.4% | 1.1% |
| Missing/other | 20,000 | 4,000 | 21.6% | 1,000 | 6.1% | 5,000 | 25.0% | 5.7% |
| Poverty status | ||||||||
| In poverty | 20,000 | 12,000 | 59.5% | 1,000 | 5.6% | 13,000 | 65.0% | 14.8% |
| 101-200% poverty | 37,000 | 20,000 | 54.4% | 3,000 | 7.7% | 23,000 | 62.2% | 26.1% |
| 201-400% poverty | 104,000 | 22,000 | 21.6% | 10,000 | 9.4% | 32,000 | 30.8% | 36.4% |
| 400%+ poverty | 201,000 | 15,000 | 7.3% | 5,000 | 2.5% | 20,000 | 10.0% | 22.7% |
| Missing poverty status | 1,000 | – | 13.1% | – | 0.0% | – | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Household income level | ||||||||
| Less than $25,000 | 25,000 | 16,000 | 64.0% | 1,000 | 4.3% | 17,000 | 68.0% | 19.3% |
| $25,000 – $34,999 | 56,000 | 19,000 | 33.2% | 6,000 | 11.5% | 25,000 | 44.6% | 28.4% |
| $50,000 – $74,999 | 64,000 | 12,000 | 17.9% | 4,000 | 6.0% | 16,000 | 25.0% | 18.2% |
| $75,000 – $99,999 | 61,000 | 9,000 | 15.1% | 3,000 | 4.6% | 12,000 | 19.7% | 13.6% |
| $100,000 – $149,999 | 83,000 | 10,000 | 11.8% | 4,000 | 4.2% | 14,000 | 16.9% | 15.9% |
| $150,000 or more | 74,000 | 5,000 | 6.1% | 1,000 | 1.5% | 6,000 | 8.1% | 6.8% |
| Commuter status | ||||||||
| Baltimore resident | 160,000 | 43,000 | 26.6% | 11,000 | 7.2% | 54,000 | 33.8% | 61.4% |
| Commuter | 204,000 | 27,000 | 13.2% | 7,000 | 3.6% | 34,000 | 16.7% | 38.6% |
Notes: Figures describe workers affected in the final step of the increases, which is inclusive of all workers affected in earlier steps. Totals may not sum due to rounding.
Assumed annual working age population growth: 0.15% (2015-2020 annualized labor force growth rate projections from Maryland Department of Planning: http://www.mdp.state.md.us/MSDC/County/baco.pdf)
Assumed annual nominal wage growth of 2.57% from 2014 to 2018 (MD average annual wage growth of bottom 20% of wage earners from 2013-2015, according to CPS ORG). In subsequent steps, wages are assumed to grow at the projected pace of national consumer price inflation, per the Congressional Budget Office Economic Projections.
These increases only reflect the result of the proposed change in the minimum wage of Baltimore City. Wage changes resulting from the scheduled changes to the Maryland state minimum wage law are accounted for in the simulation.
1 Total estimated workers is estimated from the ACS respondents who were 16 years old or older, employed, but not self-employed, and for whom a valid hourly wage can be imputed from annual wage earning, usual hours worked per week, and weeks worked in the previous year. All government workers are excluded except those that work for "local government", who are presumed to work for the City of Baltimore and therefore subject to the minimum wage proposal.
2 Directly Affected workers will see their wages rise as the new minimum wage rate will exceed their current hourly pay.
3 Indirectly affected workers have a wage rate just above the new minimum wage (between the new minimum wage and 115 percent of the new minimum). They will receive a raise as employer pay scales are adjusted upward to reflect the new minimum wage.
Source: EPI analysis of American Community Survey microdata, 2014
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