Table 2
Distribution of all workers, tipped workers, and waiters/bartenders, by demographic group
| Category | Share of total workforce | Share of tipped workers | Share of waiters/bartenders |
|---|---|---|---|
| All | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 51.7% | 33.4% | 31.5% |
| Female | 48.3% | 66.6% | 68.5% |
| Age | |||
| Under 20 | 3.4% | 12.6% | 12.8% |
| 20 and older | 96.6% | 87.4% | 87.2% |
| 16–24 | 13.6% | 37.2% | 43.2% |
| 25–39 | 33.2% | 33.5% | 34.8% |
| 40–54 | 33.6% | 19.3% | 15.9% |
| 55 and older | 19.5% | 10.0% | 6.1% |
| Education | |||
| Less than high school | 9.1% | 14.6% | 13.8% |
| High school | 27.4% | 33.7% | 31.6% |
| Some college | 29.9% | 40.5% | 42.7% |
| Bachelor’s or higher | 33.6% | 11.2% | 11.9% |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White | 66.1% | 61.5% | 66.6% |
| Black | 11.0% | 8.5% | 6.8% |
| Hispanic | 15.6% | 17.7% | 17.7% |
| Asian or other race | 7.3% | 12.3% | 8.9% |
| Work hours | |||
| Part time (< 20 hours) | 5.7% | 14.6% | 14.0% |
| Mid time (20–34 hours) | 14.4% | 38.9% | 44.5% |
| Full time (35+ hours) | 79.8% | 46.5% | 41.5% |
| Family structure | |||
| Married parent | 26.9% | 15.2% | 11.7% |
| Single parent | 7.6% | 10.4% | 12.2% |
| Married, no kids | 27.7% | 14.9% | 10.7% |
| Unmarried, no kids | 37.8% | 59.5% | 65.3% |
| Female workers only | |||
| Married parent | 23.8% | 16.3% | 12.8% |
| Single parent | 11.4% | 14.1% | 16.4% |
| Married, no kids | 27.7% | 14.6% | 11.1% |
| Unmarried, no kids | 37.1% | 55.0% | 59.7% |
Source: Authors' analysis of Current Population Survey Outgoing Rotation Group microdata, 2011–2013
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