Table 1

Distribution of all workers, tipped workers, and waiters/bartenders, by state tipped-minimum-wage level

State tipped-minimum-wage level
Nationwide Low ($2.13 tipped minimum wage) Medium (between $2.13 and regular state minimum wage) Equal treatment (tipped minimum wage = regular state minimum wage)
All states* 51 19 25 7
State regular minimum wage set to federal level 29 17 11 1
State regular minimum wage set above federal level 22 2 14 6
Total workforce 127,063,149 45,086,676 58,997,685 22,978,789
Share of total workforce 35.5% 46.4% 18.1%
Tipped workers 4,343,264 1,400,640 2,145,438 797,185
Share of tipped workers 32.2% 49.4% 18.4%
Waiters/bartenders 2,515,529 843,815 1,230,404 441,310
Share of waiters/bartenders 33.5% 48.9% 17.5%
Of the workforce
Tipped worker share 3.4% 3.1% 3.6% 3.5%
Waiter/bartender share 2.0% 1.9% 2.1% 1.9%

* As of January 1, 2014. Includes District of Columbia.

Note: Statistics reflect survey respondents ages 16 and older who are employed, but not self-employed, and report positive income from wages.

Source: Authors' analysis of Current Population Survey Outgoing Rotation Group microdata, 2011–2013

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