Figure J

Reading score gains on California Achievement Test, by socioeconomic status (SES), June–September, 1983–1987

Low SES Mid SES High SES
1st grade -3.67 -3.11 15.38
2nd grade -1.7 4.18 9.22
3rd grade 2.74 3.68 14.51
4th grade 2.89 2.34 13.38
Total 0.26 7.09 52.49
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Note: Family socioeconomic status (SES) is a composite of parental education levels and occupational status, and receipt of reduced-price school meals.

Source: Author's analysis of Alexander, Entwisle, and Olson (2001, Table 2)

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