Notes: Midwest, Northeast, South, and West refer to the four geographic regions of the United States as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau. Job deficit and surplus calculations are based on an estimation of the number of jobs that would exist if pre-pandemic employment levels were maintained under the current population size in each region (counterfactual employment). The deficit (or surplus) is the difference between counterfactual employment and the actual number of jobs in each region in May 2023.