4th-grade NAEP math scores in three cities compared with large urban and national averages, by race and income, 2005 and 2011
| 2005 | 2011 | 2005 | 2011 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | Black | White | Black | Non-low-income | Low-income* | Non-low-income | Low-income* | |
| Washington, D.C.** | 266 (266) | 207 (206) | 272 (272) | 212 (212) | 229 (229) | 206 (204) | 250 (250) | 211 (211) |
| New York | 245 | 222 | 248 | 226 | 243 | 228 | 253 | 233 |
| Chicago | 243 | 208 | 246 | 217 | 237 | 212 | 246 | 221 |
| Large urban average | 247 | 217 | 251 | 222 | 246 | 221 | 250 | 227 |
| National average | 246 | 220 | 249 | 224 | 248 | 225 | 252 | 229 |
* Students categorized as low-income are those eligible for free or reduced-price lunch under the National School Lunch Program.
** The scores in parentheses are from DC budget consultant Mary Levy's NAEP data, which, unlike TUDA NAEP data, always include charter schools.
Note: Large, urban districts are those participating in the NAEP Trial Urban District Assessment (TUDA), which uses NAEP scores from a representative sample of students in large, urban districts with high proportions of low-income and minority students. TUDA began in 2002 with six districts and had 21 as of 2011.
Source: National Center for Education Statistics (2005b, 2011b) and Levy (2012c)
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