Figure C

Income and white-black achievement gaps in reading, 1943–2001 birth cohorts

Cohort Birth Year 90/10 Income Gap White-black Gap
1943 0.6404317
1944 0.6769745
1945 0.7091324
1946 0.7372485
1947 0.7616541
1948 0.7826694
1949 0.8006029
1950 0.8157519
1951 0.8284018
1952 0.8388271
1953 0.8472903
1954 0.8540428 1.210063
1955 0.8593245 1.19522
1956 0.8633634 1.176883
1957 0.8663768 1.155622
1958 0.8685699 1.131976
1959 0.8701367 1.106456
1960 0.8712596 1.079541
1961 0.8721098 1.05168
1962 0.8728467 1.023291
1963 0.8736186 0.9947633
1964 0.8745619 0.9664553
1965 0.8758019 0.9386948
1966 0.8774524 0.9117796
1967 0.8796154 0.8859773
1968 0.8823819 0.8615251
1969 0.8858311 0.8386298
1970 0.8900309 0.8174684
1971 0.8950377 0.7981873
1972 0.9008964 0.7809025
1973 0.9076405 0.7657002
1974 0.915292 0.752636
1975 0.9238613 0.7417352
1976 0.9333476 0.732993
1977 0.9437385 0.7263744
1978 0.9550102 0.7218139
1979 0.9671272 0.719216
1980 0.9800428 0.7184548
1981 0.9936988 0.7193739
1982 1.008026 0.7217872
1983 1.022942 0.7254779
1984 1.038355 0.730199
1985 1.05416 0.7356734
1986 1.070243 0.7415935
1987 1.086476 0.7476218
1988 1.102721 0.7533901
1989 1.118827 0.7585002
1990 1.134634 0.7625236
1991 1.149968 0.7650015
1992 1.164645 0.7654451
1993 1.178469 0.7633348
1994 1.191234 0.7581211
1995 1.202719 0.7492242
1996 1.212695 0.7360342
1997 1.220921 0.7179105
1998 1.227143 0.6941826
1999 1.231096
2000 1.232505
2001 1.231082
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Note: The 90/10 income gap is the difference between test scores of children in families with incomes at the 90th percentile of the family income distribution and test scores of children in families with incomes at the 10th percentile.

Source: Adapted from Reardon (2011 Figure 5.3; 2012)

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