Table 1
Union wage premium by demographic group, 2011
| Demographic group | Percent union* |
Union premium** | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dollars | Percent | ||
| Total | 13.0% | $1.24 | 13.6% |
| Men | 13.5 | 2.21 | 17.3 |
| Women | 12.5 | 0.67 | 9.1 |
| White | 13.3% | $0.76 | 10.9% |
| Men | 14.1 | 1.79 | 14.9 |
| Women | 12.5 | 0.18 | 7.0 |
| Black | 15.0% | $2.60 | 17.3% |
| Men | 15.8 | 3.05 | 20.3 |
| Women | 14.4 | 2.25 | 14.8 |
| Hispanic | 10.8% | $3.44 | 23.1% |
| Men | 10.8 | 4.77 | 29.3 |
| Women | 10.7 | 2.06 | 15.7 |
| Asian | 11.1% | $1.54 | 14.7% |
| Men | 9.9 | 1.53 | 16.6 |
| Women | 12.4 | 1.61 | 12.9 |
| New immigrants (less than 10 years) | |||
| Men | 5.4% | $0.49 | 16.0% |
| Women | 7.0 | 2.74 | 16.2 |
| Other immigrants (more than 10 years) | |||
| Men | 10.4% | $2.13 | 16.7% |
| Women | 12.7 | 0.57 | 8.8 |
* Union member or covered by a collective bargaining agreement
** Regression-adjusted hourly wage advantage of being in a union, controlling for experience, education, region, industry, occupation, race/ethnicity, and marital status
Source: Author's analysis of Current Population Survey Outgoing Rotation Group microdata
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