Summary of impact of increasing the minimum wage to $15 by 2024 (in 2024), by state
| State | Total estimated workforce | Directly affected | Share directly affected | Indirectly affected | Share indirectly affected | Total affected | Share of group who are affected | Group’s share of total affected | Cumulative change in total annual wages of all affected workers (2016$) | Cumulative change in average annual earnings of all affected workers (2016$) | Change from under current policy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alaska | 313,000 | 47,000 | 15.1% | 33,000 | 10.6% | 80,000 | 25.7% | 0.2% | $188,651,000 | $2,400 | 10.9% |
| Alabama | 1,930,000 | 482,000 | 25.0% | 293,000 | 15.2% | 774,000 | 40.1% | 1.9% | $3,252,486,000 | $4,200 | 21.0% |
| Arkansas | 1,206,000 | 312,000 | 25.9% | 167,000 | 13.8% | 479,000 | 39.7% | 1.2% | $1,979,669,000 | $4,100 | 20.5% |
| Arizona | 2,937,000 | 22,000 | 0.7% | 1,045,000 | 35.6% | 1,066,000 | 36.3% | 2.6% | $1,269,026,000 | $1,200 | 5.3% |
| California | 17,734,000 | – | 0.0% | – | 0.0% | – | 0.0% | 0.0% | |||
| Colorado | 2,532,000 | 27,000 | 1.1% | 724,000 | 28.6% | 751,000 | 29.6% | 1.8% | $918,042,000 | $1,200 | 5.2% |
| Connecticut | 1,613,000 | 239,000 | 14.8% | 206,000 | 12.8% | 445,000 | 27.6% | 1.1% | $1,202,809,000 | $2,700 | 14.7% |
| District of Columbia | 363,000 | – | 0.1% | 10,000 | 2.7% | 10,000 | 2.7% | 0.0% | $42,133,000 | $4,300 | 13.9% |
| Delaware | 434,000 | 78,000 | 18.0% | 61,000 | 14.1% | 139,000 | 32.1% | 0.3% | $528,941,000 | $3,800 | 17.8% |
| Florida | 8,621,000 | 1,958,000 | 22.7% | 1,306,000 | 15.2% | 3,264,000 | 37.9% | 7.9% | $12,201,480,000 | $3,700 | 18.1% |
| Georgia | 4,440,000 | 1,062,000 | 23.9% | 637,000 | 14.4% | 1,699,000 | 38.3% | 4.1% | $7,413,107,000 | $4,400 | 21.4% |
| Hawaii | 686,000 | 123,000 | 17.9% | 100,000 | 14.6% | 223,000 | 32.5% | 0.5% | $607,951,000 | $2,700 | 12.8% |
| Iowa | 1,450,000 | 331,000 | 22.8% | 228,000 | 15.7% | 558,000 | 38.5% | 1.3% | $1,874,748,000 | $3,400 | 17.6% |
| Idaho | 701,000 | 183,000 | 26.2% | 105,000 | 15.0% | 288,000 | 41.1% | 0.7% | $1,176,000,000 | $4,100 | 20.8% |
| Illinois | 5,787,000 | 1,185,000 | 20.5% | 739,000 | 12.8% | 1,924,000 | 33.3% | 4.6% | $6,865,013,000 | $3,600 | 18.3% |
| Indiana | 2,940,000 | 667,000 | 22.7% | 449,000 | 15.3% | 1,116,000 | 37.9% | 2.7% | $4,263,122,000 | $3,800 | 19.4% |
| Kansas | 1,306,000 | 291,000 | 22.3% | 188,000 | 14.4% | 479,000 | 36.6% | 1.2% | $1,829,064,000 | $3,800 | 19.8% |
| Kentucky | 1,699,000 | 417,000 | 24.6% | 221,000 | 13.0% | 638,000 | 37.6% | 1.5% | $2,747,773,000 | $4,300 | 21.7% |
| Louisiana | 1,839,000 | 456,000 | 24.8% | 272,000 | 14.8% | 728,000 | 39.6% | 1.8% | $3,348,961,000 | $4,600 | 22.7% |
| Massachusetts | 3,229,000 | 396,000 | 12.3% | 447,000 | 13.9% | 843,000 | 26.1% | 2.0% | $1,967,774,000 | $2,300 | 11.8% |
| Maryland | 2,947,000 | 390,000 | 13.2% | 430,000 | 14.6% | 820,000 | 27.8% | 2.0% | $2,357,419,000 | $2,900 | 13.7% |
| Maine | 563,000 | 6,000 | 1.0% | 186,000 | 33.1% | 192,000 | 34.1% | 0.5% | $200,595,000 | $1,000 | 4.8% |
| Michigan | 4,226,000 | 893,000 | 21.1% | 614,000 | 14.5% | 1,507,000 | 35.7% | 3.6% | $4,410,465,000 | $2,900 | 15.0% |
| Minnesota | 2,577,000 | 403,000 | 15.7% | 300,000 | 11.6% | 703,000 | 27.3% | 1.7% | $1,433,670,000 | $2,000 | 10.7% |
| Mississippi | 1,136,000 | 342,000 | 30.1% | 162,000 | 14.3% | 504,000 | 44.4% | 1.2% | $2,493,694,000 | $4,900 | 24.6% |
| Missouri | 2,723,000 | 626,000 | 23.0% | 400,000 | 14.7% | 1,026,000 | 37.7% | 2.5% | $3,830,289,000 | $3,700 | 18.7% |
| Montana | 416,000 | 100,000 | 24.1% | 62,000 | 14.9% | 162,000 | 38.9% | 0.4% | $490,341,000 | $3,000 | 15.9% |
| North Carolina | 4,379,000 | 1,084,000 | 24.8% | 605,000 | 13.8% | 1,689,000 | 38.6% | 4.1% | $7,743,440,000 | $4,600 | 23.3% |
| North Dakota | 361,000 | 53,000 | 14.8% | 50,000 | 14.0% | 104,000 | 28.8% | 0.3% | $324,725,000 | $3,100 | 15.8% |
| Nebraska | 889,000 | 182,000 | 20.5% | 146,000 | 16.4% | 328,000 | 36.9% | 0.8% | $1,040,134,000 | $3,200 | 16.0% |
| New Hampshire | 662,000 | 108,000 | 16.4% | 80,000 | 12.1% | 189,000 | 28.5% | 0.5% | $628,915,000 | $3,300 | 17.8% |
| New Jersey | 4,208,000 | 688,000 | 16.3% | 481,000 | 11.4% | 1,169,000 | 27.8% | 2.8% | $4,075,765,000 | $3,500 | 17.8% |
| New Mexico | 875,000 | 234,000 | 26.7% | 136,000 | 15.5% | 370,000 | 42.2% | 0.9% | $1,527,206,000 | $4,100 | 21.6% |
| Nevada | 1,310,000 | 314,000 | 24.0% | 221,000 | 16.9% | 535,000 | 40.8% | 1.3% | $1,874,810,000 | $3,500 | 16.1% |
| New York | 8,646,000 | 31,000 | 0.4% | 1,026,000 | 11.9% | 1,057,000 | 12.2% | 2.5% | $1,188,309,000 | $1,100 | 4.7% |
| Ohio | 4,993,000 | 1,116,000 | 22.4% | 672,000 | 13.5% | 1,788,000 | 35.8% | 4.3% | $6,122,617,000 | $3,400 | 18.0% |
| Oklahoma | 1,539,000 | 362,000 | 23.5% | 234,000 | 15.2% | 595,000 | 38.7% | 1.4% | $2,476,581,000 | $4,200 | 20.6% |
| Oregon* | 1,737,000 | 3,000 | 0.1% | 512,000 | 29.5% | 515,000 | 29.6% | 1.2% | $370,442,000 | $700 | 3.2% |
| Pennsylvania | 5,731,000 | 1,217,000 | 21.2% | 814,000 | 14.2% | 2,031,000 | 35.4% | 4.9% | $7,366,193,000 | $3,600 | 19.4% |
| Rhode Island | 495,000 | 89,000 | 18.0% | 76,000 | 15.4% | 165,000 | 33.4% | 0.4% | $490,702,000 | $3,000 | 15.0% |
| South Carolina | 2,023,000 | 477,000 | 23.6% | 285,000 | 14.1% | 762,000 | 37.7% | 1.8% | $3,165,498,000 | $4,200 | 21.6% |
| South Dakota | 379,000 | 71,000 | 18.8% | 57,000 | 15.2% | 129,000 | 34.0% | 0.3% | $352,424,000 | $2,700 | 13.9% |
| Tennessee | 2,772,000 | 663,000 | 23.9% | 420,000 | 15.2% | 1,083,000 | 39.1% | 2.6% | $4,421,745,000 | $4,100 | 20.6% |
| Texas | 12,475,000 | 2,914,000 | 23.4% | 1,773,000 | 14.2% | 4,687,000 | 37.6% | 11.3% | $20,386,504,000 | $4,400 | 21.6% |
| Utah | 1,346,000 | 286,000 | 21.3% | 183,000 | 13.6% | 469,000 | 34.9% | 1.1% | $1,603,001,000 | $3,400 | 19.0% |
| Vermont | 286,000 | 22,000 | 7.6% | 65,000 | 22.9% | 87,000 | 30.6% | 0.2% | $176,136,000 | $2,000 | 9.8% |
| Virginia | 3,887,000 | 786,000 | 20.2% | 524,000 | 13.5% | 1,310,000 | 33.7% | 3.2% | $5,289,396,000 | $4,000 | 21.2% |
| Washington | 3,209,000 | 35,000 | 1.1% | 742,000 | 23.1% | 778,000 | 24.2% | 1.9% | $238,015,000 | $300 | 1.3% |
| West Virginia | 659,000 | 145,000 | 22.1% | 99,000 | 15.0% | 244,000 | 37.1% | 0.6% | $942,090,000 | $3,900 | 19.1% |
| Wisconsin | 2,715,000 | 519,000 | 19.1% | 364,000 | 13.4% | 883,000 | 32.5% | 2.1% | $3,053,920,000 | $3,500 | 18.8% |
| Wyoming | 250,000 | 49,000 | 19.8% | 32,000 | 12.8% | 81,000 | 32.5% | 0.2% | $301,921,000 | $3,700 | 19.8% |
Notes: Values reflect the result of the proposed change in the federal minimum wage. Wage changes resulting from scheduled state minimum wage laws are accounted for in the simulation. Totals may not sum due to rounding. Shares calculated from unrounded values. The total workforce is estimated from the CPS respondents who were 16 years old or older, employed, but not self-employed, and for whom a valid hourly wage is either reported or can be determined from weekly earnings and usual weekly hours. Directly affected workers will see their wages rise as the new minimum wage rate will exceed their current hourly pay. Indirectly affected workers have a wage rate just above the new minimum wage (between the new minimum wage and 115 percent of the new minimum). They will receive a raise as employer pay scales are adjusted upward to reflect the new minimum wage.
Source: EPI analysis of Current Population Survey Outgoing Rotation Group microdata, 2016; dollar values adjusted by projections for CPI-U in CBO (2017)
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