Change in odds of employment caused by state of residence for American Indians and whites (relative to states without tribal lands), ages 25–54, 2009–2011
| State | American Indian* | White** | Difference (American Indian – white) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | -10% | -10% | 0 |
| Alaska | 0% | 0% | 0 |
| Arizona | -29% | -12% | -17 |
| California | -24% | -24% | 0 |
| Colorado | 0% | 0% | 0 |
| Connecticut | 6% | 6% | 0 |
| Florida | -12% | -12% | 0 |
| Idaho | -5% | -5% | 0 |
| Illinois*** | 0% | 0% | 0 |
| Iowa | 0% | 59% | -59 |
| Kansas | 30% | 30% | 0 |
| Louisiana | 3% | 3% | 0 |
| Maine | 0% | 0% | 0 |
| Massachusetts | 0% | 0% | 0 |
| Michigan | -16% | -16% | 0 |
| Minnesota | 0% | 42% | -42 |
| Mississippi | 50% | -6% | 56 |
| Montana | -11% | 18% | -29 |
| Nebraska | 64% | 64% | 0 |
| Nevada | -14% | -14% | 0 |
| New Mexico | -10% | -10% | 0 |
| New York | 0% | 0% | 0 |
| North Carolina | -9% | -9% | 0 |
| North Dakota | -13% | 90% | -103 |
| Oklahoma | 25% | 7% | 18 |
| Oregon | 2% | -19% | 20 |
| Rhode Island | 13% | 13% | 0 |
| South Carolina | -9% | -9% | 0 |
| South Dakota | -24% | 102% | -126 |
| Texas | 4% | 4% | 0 |
| Utah | -32% | -15% | -17 |
| Washington | -13% | -13% | 0 |
| Wisconsin | 8% | 38% | -30 |
| Wyoming | 33% | 33% | 0 |
* Change in American Indians' odds of employment in a particular state relative to employment odds of demographically similar American Indians in states without tribal lands
** Change in whites' odds of employment in a particular state relative to employment odds of demographically similar whites in states without tribal lands
*** Illinois does not have tribal lands; however, because many American Indians were relocated to Chicago in the mid-20th century, we include it in this analysis.
Note: Odds control for gender, age, marital status, number of children, veteran status, disability, facility with English, educational attainment, urbanicity, and proximity to a reservation. All states where there is no statistically significant difference between the state's effect on American Indian employment odds and white employment odds have a difference of 0 percentage points. These data include American Indian multiracials and Hispanics of both races, but exclude the foreign born.
Source: Author's analysis of American Community Survey data from Ruggles et al. (2013)
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