Figure B

Actual and implied public investment as a share of GDP in various budget proposals, 2000–2023

House alternative budget Ryan budget Senate budget Congressional Progressive Caucus Obama budget
2000 3.2%
2001 3.1%
2002 3.2%
2003 3.2%
2004 3.1%
2005 3.1%
2006 3.2%
2007 3.3%
2008 3.4%
2009 3.4%
2010 3.3%
2011 3.0% 3.0% 3.0% 3.0% 3.0%
2012 3.2% 3.1% 3.1% 3.2% 3.1%
2013 3.4% 3.2% 3.2% 3.4% 3.3%
2014 3.3% 3.0% 3.2% 3.5% 3.1%
2015 3.1% 2.8% 3.1% 3.5% 3.0%
2016 2.9% 2.7% 2.9% 3.4% 2.9%
2017 2.8% 2.6% 2.8% 3.2% 2.8%
2018 2.7% 2.5% 2.7% 3.1% 2.7%
2019 2.7% 2.5% 2.6% 3.1% 2.7%
2020 2.6% 2.4% 2.6% 3.0% 2.6%
2021 2.6% 2.4% 2.5% 3.0% 2.6%
2022 2.5% 2.3% 2.5% 2.9% 2.5%
2023 2.5% 2.3% 2.4% 2.9% 2.4%
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Source: Author's analysis based on Bivens (2013)

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