Chart: Changes in PISA sample social class composition by books-in-the-home group, U.S. and six comparison countries, 2003–2009 (percentage points)

Table 8B

Changes in PISA sample social class composition by books-in-the-home group, U.S. and six comparison countries, 2003–2009 (percentage points)

	Canada	Finland	Korea	France	Germany	U.K.	U.S.
Group 1 (Lowest)	+2	+1	-1	+6	+5	+5	+7
Group 2	+2	-2	-2	+1	0	+2	+2
Group 3	+1	-3	-2	-3	-1	-1	-3
Group 4	-1	+1	-2	-2	-2	0	-3
Group 5	-1	+4	+4	0	-1	-3	-2
Group 6 (Highest)	-3	0	+3	-1	-2	-2	-2
Disadvantaged (Groups 1 and 2)	+4	-1	-3	+6	+5	+7	+10
Middle class (Groups 3 and 4)	0	-2	-4	-5	-3	-1	-6
Advantaged (Groups 5 and 6)	-4	+3	+6	-1	-3	-5	-4

Source: Authors' analysis of OECD Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2000 and 2009 databases for each country, with authors' interpolations for 2000 social class composition to match 2009 books-in-the-home groupings

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What do international tests really show about U.S. student performance?

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