Trends in private-sector union coverage rates in manufacturing and (nonagricultural) nonmanufacturing, 1977–2019

Manufacturing Nonagriculture, nonmanufacturing
1977 37.6% 17.6%
1978 36.7% 16.9%
1979 38.2% 17.2%
1980 34.8% 16.7%
1981 33.8% 15.4%
1982 32.2% 14.9%
1983 30.5% 14.5%
1984 28.4% 13.2%
1985 26.9% 12.3%
1986 25.8% 11.8%
1987 24.7% 11.3%
1988 23.8% 11.0%
1989 23.1% 10.6%
1990 22.2% 10.6%
1991 21.8% 10.4%
1992 21.0% 10.2%
1993 20.3% 10.0%
1994 19.6% 9.9%
1995 18.7% 9.4%
1996 18.3% 9.2%
1997 17.2% 9.1%
1998 16.8% 8.8%
1999 16.6% 8.8%
2000 15.6% 8.6%
2001 15.5% 8.6%
2002 15.1% 8.3%
2003 14.3% 8.1%
2004 13.9% 7.8%
2005 13.7% 7.6%
2006 12.5% 7.4%
2007 12.0% 7.6%
2008 12.3% 7.8%
2009 11.9% 7.4%
2010 11.6% 7.1%
2011 11.2% 7.1%
2012 10.5% 6.9%
2013 11.0% 7.0%
2014 10.5% 7.0%
2015 10.0% 7.1%
2016 9.6% 7.0%
2017 10.0% 6.9%
2018 9.7% 6.8%
2019 9.4% 6.8%

Sources: For the years 1973–1981 the May Current Population Survey (CPS); for the years 1983-2019 the CPS Outgoing Rotation Group (ORG) earnings files. Unionstats.com, Hirsh and Macpherson 2020.

View the underlying data on epi.org.