Prime-age labor force participation rate and employment-to-population ratio, by gender, 1989–2019

Date Labor force participation rate, men Labor force participation rate, women Employment-to-population ratio, men Employment-to-population ratio, women
Jan-1989 93.8% 73.6% 89.9% 70.5%
Feb-1989 93.7 73.5 89.8 70.4
Mar-1989 93.7 73.4 89.9 70.2
Apr-1989 93.7 73.5 89.7 70.3
May-1989 93.5 73.4 89.8 70.1
Jun-1989 93.5 73.3 90.0 70.1
Jul-1989 93.6 73.4 89.9 70.0
Aug-1989 93.5 73.5 90.0 70.2
Sep-1989 93.6 74.0 89.7 70.7
Oct-1989 93.7 73.8 89.8 70.5
Nov-1989 93.9 74.1 89.9 70.8
Dec-1989 93.8 74.1 90.0 70.7
Jan-1990 93.9 74.1 89.9 70.9
Feb-1990 94.0 74.0 90.1 70.8
Mar-1990 93.6 74.0 89.8 70.8
Apr-1990 93.5 73.9 89.4 70.7
May-1990 93.3 74.1 89.3 70.8
Jun-1990 93.3 73.9 89.3 70.6
Jul-1990 93.2 74.0 89.0 70.6
Aug-1990 93.3 74.0 88.9 70.5
Sep-1990 93.1 74.0 88.7 70.5
Oct-1990 93.2 73.9 88.6 70.4
Nov-1990 93.4 73.9 88.5 70.2
Dec-1990 93.1 73.9 88.1 70.1
Jan-1991 93.2 73.7 88.2 69.9
Feb-1991 93.4 73.9 88.0 70.1
Mar-1991 93.3 74.0 87.7 70.0
Apr-1991 93.4 74.3 87.9 70.3
May-1991 93.0 74.1 87.4 70.1
Jun-1991 93.1 74.2 87.5 70.2
Jul-1991 93.0 73.9 87.5 70.1
Aug-1991 92.9 74.1 87.4 70.0
Sep-1991 93.1 74.1 87.5 70.1
Oct-1991 92.9 74.2 87.2 70.0
Nov-1991 92.9 74.1 87.1 70.0
Dec-1991 92.7 74.1 86.9 69.9
Jan-1992 93.0 74.4 86.9 70.1
Feb-1992 92.8 74.4 86.6 70.0
Mar-1992 92.9 74.5 86.8 70.0
Apr-1992 93.0 74.7 86.9 70.2
May-1992 93.2 74.8 86.8 70.3
Jun-1992 93.3 74.9 86.9 70.3
Jul-1992 93.1 74.8 86.9 70.2
Aug-1992 93.2 74.8 86.9 70.2
Sep-1992 93.1 74.5 86.8 70.1
Oct-1992 93.0 74.4 86.7 70.0
Nov-1992 92.7 74.6 86.6 70.1
Dec-1992 92.6 74.6 86.7 69.9
Jan-1993 92.6 74.3 86.8 69.9
Feb-1993 92.4 74.2 86.7 69.9
Mar-1993 92.4 74.4 86.5 70.3
Apr-1993 92.5 74.1 86.8 69.9
May-1993 92.6 74.5 87.0 70.2
Jun-1993 92.8 74.6 87.1 70.4
Jul-1993 92.7 74.6 87.1 70.4
Aug-1993 92.7 74.8 87.2 70.6
Sep-1993 92.5 74.7 87.1 70.5
Oct-1993 92.5 74.8 87.1 70.5
Nov-1993 92.6 74.9 87.5 70.7
Dec-1993 92.4 75.2 87.4 71.0
Jan-1994 92.1 75.0 87.1 71.0
Feb-1994 91.9 75.3 86.8 71.3
Mar-1994 91.7 75.2 87.0 71.1
Apr-1994 91.7 75.1 87.1 71.2
May-1994 91.6 75.2 87.3 71.3
Jun-1994 91.4 74.7 87.0 70.9
Jul-1994 91.5 75.1 87.0 71.4
Aug-1994 91.4 75.4 87.0 71.7
Sep-1994 91.6 76.0 87.4 72.1
Oct-1994 91.8 75.5 87.5 71.9
Nov-1994 91.9 75.6 87.9 72.0
Dec-1994 92.0 75.2 88.0 71.8
Jan-1995 92.0 75.3 87.9 71.8
Feb-1995 92.0 75.5 88.1 72.2
Mar-1995 91.8 75.5 87.9 72.1
Apr-1995 91.8 75.9 87.7 72.2
May-1995 91.8 75.5 87.6 72.1
Jun-1995 91.6 75.2 87.6 71.7
Jul-1995 91.4 75.7 87.5 72.2
Aug-1995 91.4 75.6 87.4 72.1
Sep-1995 91.5 75.7 87.6 72.3
Oct-1995 91.3 75.8 87.6 72.3
Nov-1995 91.3 76.0 87.2 72.6
Dec-1995 91.3 75.7 87.2 72.4
Jan-1996 91.5 75.8 87.5 72.4
Feb-1996 91.7 75.7 87.7 72.4
Mar-1996 91.5 75.8 87.5 72.6
Apr-1996 91.6 75.9 87.5 72.6
May-1996 91.6 76.0 87.6 72.5
Jun-1996 91.6 76.0 87.8 72.7
Jul-1996 91.8 76.3 88.1 72.9
Aug-1996 92.0 76.3 88.4 73.0
Sep-1996 91.9 76.2 88.1 73.0
Oct-1996 92.0 76.4 88.3 73.1
Nov-1996 92.0 76.5 88.2 73.0
Dec-1996 91.9 76.6 88.3 73.0
Jan-1997 91.9 76.5 88.2 73.2
Feb-1997 91.9 76.3 88.2 72.9
Mar-1997 91.8 76.6 88.2 73.3
Apr-1997 91.7 76.5 88.1 73.5
May-1997 91.5 76.4 88.1 73.3
Jun-1997 91.8 76.7 88.4 73.6
Jul-1997 91.9 77.0 88.6 73.9
Aug-1997 92.0 77.2 88.7 74.1
Sep-1997 91.9 77.0 88.6 73.9
Oct-1997 91.8 76.8 88.6 73.8
Nov-1997 91.8 76.5 88.7 73.6
Dec-1997 91.8 76.6 88.6 73.6
Jan-1998 91.9 76.4 88.8 73.4
Feb-1998 91.8 76.5 88.9 73.4
Mar-1998 92.0 76.7 88.8 73.5
Apr-1998 91.8 76.3 88.9 73.5
May-1998 91.7 76.3 88.8 73.4
Jun-1998 91.7 76.4 88.7 73.6
Jul-1998 91.9 76.5 88.7 73.8
Aug-1998 91.7 76.6 88.8 73.9
Sep-1998 91.7 76.8 88.8 74.0
Oct-1998 91.8 76.7 88.8 73.7
Nov-1998 91.9 76.6 89.1 73.7
Dec-1998 91.8 76.8 88.9 74.0
Jan-1999 92.5 77.0 89.7 74.3
Feb-1999 92.2 76.8 89.2 74.1
Mar-1999 91.8 76.5 89.2 73.8
Apr-1999 91.9 76.6 89.1 73.8
May-1999 91.8 76.7 88.9 74.1
Jun-1999 91.6 76.9 88.8 74.2
Jul-1999 91.6 76.6 88.8 73.8
Aug-1999 91.5 76.7 88.7 74.1
Sep-1999 91.4 76.9 88.6 74.3
Oct-1999 91.4 77.0 88.7 74.5
Nov-1999 91.6 77.1 89.0 74.5
Dec-1999 91.6 76.7 89.0 74.3
Jan-2000 92.1 77.0 89.5 74.4
Feb-2000 92.2 76.9 89.4 74.5
Mar-2000 91.9 77.1 89.3 74.5
Apr-2000 91.7 77.3 89.2 74.9
May-2000 91.5 77.0 89.0 74.4
Jun-2000 91.7 76.8 89.1 74.2
Jul-2000 91.5 76.6 88.9 73.9
Aug-2000 91.5 76.3 88.9 73.6
Sep-2000 91.3 76.4 88.6 73.9
Oct-2000 91.2 76.3 88.6 73.9
Nov-2000 91.4 76.5 88.8 74.1
Dec-2000 91.6 76.5 88.9 74.1
Jan-2001 91.7 76.9 88.9 74.2
Feb-2001 91.6 76.8 88.8 74.2
Mar-2001 91.5 76.9 88.5 74.3
Apr-2001 91.4 76.3 88.3 73.7
May-2001 91.4 76.4 88.3 73.7
Jun-2001 91.3 76.2 88.1 73.4
Jul-2001 91.2 76.2 87.9 73.4
Aug-2001 91.1 76.2 87.6 73.2
Sep-2001 91.1 76.2 87.6 73.1
Oct-2001 91.3 76.1 87.4 72.7
Nov-2001 91.0 76.2 87.0 72.6
Dec-2001 91.2 76.3 87.1 72.6
Jan-2002 91.1 76.1 86.8 72.5
Feb-2002 91.3 76.4 87.1 72.7
Mar-2002 91.3 76.1 87.0 72.5
Apr-2002 91.2 76.2 86.8 72.5
May-2002 91.3 76.1 86.9 72.2
Jun-2002 91.0 75.7 86.5 72.1
Jul-2002 90.9 75.5 86.5 71.9
Aug-2002 91.1 75.7 86.8 72.1
Sep-2002 91.1 75.8 86.8 72.2
Oct-2002 91.0 75.7 86.6 72.1
Nov-2002 90.6 75.4 85.9 71.9
Dec-2002 90.6 75.8 86.0 72.2
Jan-2003 90.2 75.8 85.6 72.4
Feb-2003 90.5 75.8 85.9 72.1
Mar-2003 90.4 76.1 85.8 72.4
Apr-2003 90.7 76.0 85.9 72.4
May-2003 90.6 75.9 85.7 72.2
Jun-2003 90.7 76.1 85.8 72.3
Jul-2003 90.6 75.6 85.8 71.9
Aug-2003 90.7 75.6 85.7 72.0
Sep-2003 90.7 75.3 85.9 71.6
Oct-2003 90.7 75.3 85.9 71.6
Nov-2003 90.7 75.2 86.0 71.7
Dec-2003 90.7 75.1 86.4 71.4
Jan-2004 90.7 75.2 86.4 71.6
Feb-2004 90.4 75.2 86.2 71.7
Mar-2004 90.2 75.5 86.0 71.8
Apr-2004 90.3 75.4 86.2 71.8
May-2004 90.5 75.3 86.3 71.9
Jun-2004 90.5 75.5 86.5 71.9
Jul-2004 90.7 75.4 86.7 71.9
Aug-2004 90.5 75.1 86.5 71.8
Sep-2004 90.4 75.2 86.4 71.9
Oct-2004 90.2 75.1 86.3 71.9
Nov-2004 90.4 75.2 86.5 72.0
Dec-2004 90.3 75.1 86.2 71.8
Jan-2005 90.3 75.3 86.5 72.0
Feb-2005 90.5 75.3 86.7 71.9
Mar-2005 90.5 75.0 86.8 71.8
Apr-2005 90.5 75.2 87.0 72.0
May-2005 90.7 75.3 87.1 72.1
Jun-2005 90.4 75.0 87.0 71.7
Jul-2005 90.5 75.3 87.0 71.9
Aug-2005 90.9 75.2 87.4 72.1
Sep-2005 90.6 75.4 87.0 72.1
Oct-2005 90.4 75.2 87.0 71.9
Nov-2005 90.3 75.3 86.8 71.9
Dec-2005 90.2 75.4 86.7 72.1
Jan-2006 90.4 75.3 87.2 72.2
Feb-2006 90.6 75.5 87.1 72.4
Mar-2006 90.9 75.4 87.4 72.3
Apr-2006 90.6 75.3 87.2 72.1
May-2006 90.6 75.3 87.2 72.3
Jun-2006 90.5 75.4 87.2 72.5
Jul-2006 90.4 75.7 87.1 72.7
Aug-2006 90.5 75.6 87.1 72.6
Sep-2006 90.4 75.5 87.4 72.5
Oct-2006 90.4 75.6 87.4 72.9
Nov-2006 90.7 75.5 87.5 72.7
Dec-2006 90.9 75.5 87.7 72.7
Jan-2007 91.5 75.6 88.0 72.8
Feb-2007 91.4 75.3 87.9 72.6
Mar-2007 91.2 75.3 88.0 72.7
Apr-2007 91.1 75.0 87.9 72.2
May-2007 90.9 75.3 87.7 72.5
Jun-2007 90.7 75.3 87.5 72.5
Jul-2007 90.6 75.4 87.3 72.4
Aug-2007 90.5 75.5 87.2 72.6
Sep-2007 90.4 75.4 87.1 72.5
Oct-2007 90.3 75.3 86.9 72.4
Nov-2007 90.6 75.5 87.2 72.5
Dec-2007 90.9 75.5 87.2 72.4
Jan-2008 91.1 75.7 87.4 72.7
Feb-2008 91.0 75.5 87.4 72.6
Mar-2008 90.9 75.8 87.1 72.6
Apr-2008 90.6 75.8 86.7 72.7
May-2008 90.5 75.9 86.5 72.6
Jun-2008 90.5 76.0 86.3 72.6
Jul-2008 90.7 75.7 86.2 72.4
Aug-2008 90.5 76.0 85.8 72.1
Sep-2008 90.5 75.8 85.4 72.3
Oct-2008 90.4 75.8 85.2 71.9
Nov-2008 90.3 75.9 84.7 71.7
Dec-2008 89.9 75.9 83.7 71.6
Jan-2009 90.0 75.8 83.1 71.1
Feb-2009 89.8 76.0 82.5 71.0
Mar-2009 89.7 75.7 82.0 70.6
Apr-2009 89.9 75.9 81.8 70.7
May-2009 90.1 75.8 81.5 70.4
Jun-2009 90.0 75.9 81.5 70.4
Jul-2009 89.8 75.8 81.3 70.4
Aug-2009 90.1 75.6 81.2 70.0
Sep-2009 89.8 75.3 80.8 69.5
Oct-2009 89.8 75.3 80.8 69.4
Nov-2009 89.6 75.4 80.7 69.8
Dec-2009 88.9 75.2 80.4 69.2
Jan-2010 89.2 75.6 80.7 69.8
Feb-2010 89.2 75.5 80.6 69.7
Mar-2010 89.5 75.5 80.8 69.5
Apr-2010 89.7 75.6 81.3 69.6
May-2010 89.5 75.2 81.1 69.3
Jun-2010 89.5 75.1 81.1 69.5
Jul-2010 89.2 74.8 81.1 69.1
Aug-2010 89.3 74.9 81.2 69.0
Sep-2010 89.3 74.9 81.2 69.1
Oct-2010 88.9 74.9 81.1 69.0
Nov-2010 88.9 75.3 80.7 69.1
Dec-2010 88.6 75.2 80.8 69.4
Jan-2011 88.6 74.9 81.2 69.3
Feb-2011 88.7 74.7 81.4 69.0
Mar-2011 88.8 74.9 81.4 69.3
Apr-2011 88.7 74.9 81.2 69.1
May-2011 89.0 74.6 81.6 68.9
Jun-2011 88.9 74.6 81.3 68.8
Jul-2011 88.6 74.5 81.1 69.0
Aug-2011 88.7 74.7 81.4 68.9
Sep-2011 88.6 74.6 81.3 68.7
Oct-2011 88.4 74.4 81.1 68.9
Nov-2011 88.7 74.4 81.9 68.8
Dec-2011 88.7 74.6 82.1 68.9
Jan-2012 88.8 74.5 82.5 68.9
Feb-2012 88.7 74.5 82.4 68.9
Mar-2012 88.9 74.5 82.5 69.2
Apr-2012 88.7 74.4 82.5 69.1
May-2012 88.6 74.5 82.5 69.2
Jun-2012 88.9 74.4 82.6 69.0
Jul-2012 88.6 74.5 82.4 69.1
Aug-2012 88.6 74.5 82.4 69.2
Sep-2012 88.6 74.6 82.7 69.5
Oct-2012 88.8 74.7 82.9 69.6
Nov-2012 88.4 74.3 82.5 69.4
Dec-2012 88.6 74.6 82.8 69.4
Jan-2013 88.4 74.0 82.6 68.9
Feb-2013 88.5 73.9 82.8 69.0
Mar-2013 88.3 73.9 82.8 69.0
Apr-2013 88.6 73.7 82.8 69.1
May-2013 88.6 74.0 83.0 69.3
Jun-2013 88.6 74.0 82.9 69.2
Jul-2013 88.5 74.1 82.9 69.4
Aug-2013 88.3 74.0 82.6 69.6
Sep-2013 88.4 73.9 82.6 69.6
Oct-2013 88.0 73.5 82.4 69.0
Nov-2013 88.6 73.8 83.0 69.3
Dec-2013 88.1 73.8 83.0 69.5
Jan-2014 88.2 73.9 83.2 69.8
Feb-2014 88.1 74.3 83.0 70.1
Mar-2014 88.3 74.2 83.5 69.8
Apr-2014 87.9 74.0 83.2 69.9
May-2014 88.0 73.8 83.3 69.8
Jun-2014 88.3 74.0 83.8 70.2
Jul-2014 88.3 73.7 83.8 69.8
Aug-2014 88.5 74.0 83.9 70.1
Sep-2014 88.1 73.7 84.1 69.8
Oct-2014 88.1 73.9 84.0 70.1
Nov-2014 88.1 73.9 83.9 70.3
Dec-2014 88.2 73.8 84.2 70.3
Jan-2015 88.5 73.9 84.3 70.2
Feb-2015 88.4 73.6 84.3 70.3
Mar-2015 88.5 73.4 84.5 70.0
Apr-2015 88.4 73.8 84.4 70.2
May-2015 88.3 74.0 84.3 70.4
Jun-2015 88.3 73.7 84.5 70.5
Jul-2015 88.1 73.5 84.3 70.1
Aug-2015 88.2 73.5 84.6 70.2
Sep-2015 88.2 73.3 84.6 70.2
Oct-2015 88.2 73.6 84.4 70.4
Nov-2015 88.1 73.9 84.4 70.7
Dec-2015 88.2 73.9 84.5 70.7
Jan-2016 88.5 74.1 84.9 70.8
Feb-2016 88.5 74.0 84.9 70.9
Mar-2016 88.8 74.3 85.2 71.0
Apr-2016 88.5 74.2 84.8 70.9
May-2016 88.4 74.1 84.9 71.0
Jun-2016 88.7 74.1 85.1 70.9
Jul-2016 88.4 74.2 84.8 71.3
Aug-2016 88.5 74.4 84.9 71.1
Sep-2016 88.6 74.6 84.8 71.3
Oct-2016 88.6 74.8 85.0 71.6
Nov-2016 88.5 74.4 85.0 71.4
Dec-2016 88.5 74.5 85.1 71.4
Jan-2017 88.8 74.5 85.3 71.4
Feb-2017 88.6 74.8 85.1 71.7
Mar-2017 88.5 74.9 85.1 72.0
Apr-2017 88.5 75.1 85.4 72.0
May-2017 88.4 74.9 85.2 71.8
Jun-2017 88.5 75.0 85.3 72.1
Jul-2017 88.6 75.1 85.2 72.3
Aug-2017 88.5 75.0 85.0 72.1
Sep-2017 88.6 75.2 85.6 72.4
Oct-2017 88.6 74.9 85.7 72.2
Nov-2017 88.6 75.2 85.7 72.5
Dec-2017 89.0 75.0 86.1 72.3
Jan-2018 89.0 74.9 86.0 72.2
Feb-2018 89.3 75.2 86.4 72.4
Mar-2018 89.2 75.1 86.2 72.4
Apr-2018 89.2 74.9 86.2 72.3
May-2018 89.0 74.8 86.3 72.4
Jun-2018 88.9 75.4 86.1 72.8
Jul-2018 88.8 75.5 86.2 72.9
Aug-2018 88.8 75.4 86.0 72.9
Sep-2018 88.7 75.2 85.9 72.9
Oct-2018 89.0 75.8 86.2 73.4
Nov-2018 89.0 75.6 86.4 73.1
Dec-2018 89.0 75.9 86.1 73.4
Jan-2019 89.4 76.0 86.5 73.5
Economic Policy Institute

Source: EPI analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Current Population Survey public data

View the underlying data on epi.org.