Summary statistics on minimum wage violations in Texas
| Category | Minimum-wage-eligible workers | Eligible workers experiencing minimum wage violations | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total number | Share of total | Number | Share of total group | Group’s share of category | Average hourly underpayment | Average weekly underpayment | Average annual underpayment if full-year | Total earned annual wages not paid to workers | Average weekly wages received | Average annual wages received if full-year | Total annual wages received by workers experiencing minimum wage violations | Share of earned wages not paid | |
| All workers | 9,743,000 | 100.0% | 264,690 | 2.7% | 100.0% | $2.38 | $85 | $4,400 | $1,165,000,000 | $182 | $9,500 | $2,507,000,000 | 31.7% |
| Low-wage earners | 2,458,000 | 25.2% | 264,690 | 10.8% | 100.0% | $2.38 | $85 | $4,400 | $1,165,000,000 | $182 | $9,500 | $2,507,000,000 | 31.7% |
| Gender | |||||||||||||
| Men | 5,535,000 | 56.8% | 118,290 | 2.1% | 44.7% | $2.28 | $86 | $4,500 | $526,000,000 | $197 | $10,300 | $1,214,000,000 | 30.2% |
| Women | 4,208,000 | 43.2% | 146,390 | 3.5% | 55.3% | $2.46 | $84 | $4,400 | $638,000,000 | $170 | $8,800 | $1,293,000,000 | 33.0% |
| Age | |||||||||||||
| Under 20 | 351,000 | 3.6% | 24,320 | 6.9% | 9.2% | $2.29 | $62 | $3,200 | $79,000,000 | $132 | $6,800 | $166,000,000 | 32.1% |
| 20 and over | 9,392,000 | 96.4% | 240,360 | 2.6% | 90.8% | $2.39 | $87 | $4,500 | $1,086,000,000 | $187 | $9,700 | $2,341,000,000 | 31.7% |
| 16–24 | 1,474,000 | 15.1% | 73,210 | 5.0% | 27.7% | $2.68 | $88 | $4,600 | $335,000,000 | $144 | $7,500 | $550,000,000 | 37.9% |
| 25–54 | 6,610,000 | 67.8% | 152,390 | 2.3% | 57.6% | $2.25 | $82 | $4,300 | $653,000,000 | $200 | $10,400 | $1,582,000,000 | 29.2% |
| 55–85 | 1,659,000 | 17.0% | 39,090 | 2.4% | 14.8% | $2.32 | $87 | $4,500 | $176,000,000 | $185 | $9,600 | $376,000,000 | 31.9% |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||||||||
| White | 4,168,000 | 42.8% | 92,360 | 2.2% | 34.9% | $2.68 | $92 | $4,800 | $441,000,000 | $167 | $8,700 | $801,000,000 | 35.5% |
| Black | 1,139,000 | 11.7% | 22,560 | 2.0% | 8.5% | $2.21 | $70 | $3,600 | $82,000,000 | $176 | $9,100 | $206,000,000 | 28.5% |
| Hispanic | 3,853,000 | 39.6% | 133,970 | 3.5% | 50.6% | $2.25 | $82 | $4,200 | $569,000,000 | $188 | $9,800 | $1,308,000,000 | 30.3% |
| Other | 583,000 | 6.0% | 15,790 | 2.7% | 6.0% | $2.03 | $88 | $4,600 | $72,000,000 | $233 | $12,100 | $192,000,000 | 27.3% |
| Marital & family status | |||||||||||||
| Married parent | 2,765,000 | 28.4% | 54,060 | 2.0% | 20.4% | $2.29 | $86 | $4,500 | $242,000,000 | $209 | $10,900 | $589,000,000 | 29.1% |
| Single parent | 840,000 | 8.6% | 27,720 | 3.3% | 10.5% | $2.77 | $89 | $4,600 | $128,000,000 | $164 | $8,500 | $237,000,000 | 35.2% |
| Married, no kids | 2,472,000 | 25.4% | 51,930 | 2.1% | 19.6% | $1.96 | $75 | $3,900 | $203,000,000 | $209 | $10,800 | $563,000,000 | 26.5% |
| Unmarried, no kids | 3,666,000 | 37.6% | 130,970 | 3.6% | 49.5% | $2.50 | $87 | $4,500 | $592,000,000 | $164 | $8,500 | $1,118,000,000 | 34.6% |
| Family income | |||||||||||||
| Less than $10,000 | 361,000 | 3.7% | 16,510 | 4.6% | 6.2% | $2.71 | $92 | $4,800 | $79,000,000 | $176 | $9,100 | $151,000,000 | 34.4% |
| $10,000–$24,999 | 1,305,000 | 13.4% | 69,650 | 5.3% | 26.3% | $2.26 | $81 | $4,200 | $295,000,000 | $190 | $9,900 | $687,000,000 | 30.0% |
| $25,000–$39,999 | 1,723,000 | 17.7% | 56,200 | 3.3% | 21.2% | $2.29 | $82 | $4,300 | $239,000,000 | $186 | $9,700 | $543,000,000 | 30.6% |
| $40,000–$59,999 | 1,732,000 | 17.8% | 49,680 | 2.9% | 18.8% | $2.40 | $82 | $4,300 | $213,000,000 | $178 | $9,200 | $459,000,000 | 31.7% |
| $60,000–$99,999 | 2,321,000 | 23.8% | 42,370 | 1.8% | 16.0% | $2.40 | $82 | $4,300 | $181,000,000 | $177 | $9,200 | $390,000,000 | 31.7% |
| $100,000–$149,999 | 1,306,000 | 13.4% | 17,350 | 1.3% | 6.6% | $2.29 | $75 | $3,900 | $68,000,000 | $178 | $9,200 | $160,000,000 | 29.8% |
| $150,000 or more | 996,000 | 10.2% | 12,920 | 1.3% | 4.9% | $3.01 | $133 | $6,900 | $89,000,000 | $175 | $9,100 | $117,000,000 | 43.2% |
| Industry | |||||||||||||
| Construction | 806,000 | 8.3% | 11,520 | 1.4% | 4.4% | $2.14 | $83 | $4,300 | $50,000,000 | $215 | $11,200 | $129,000,000 | 27.8% |
| Manufacturing | 1,016,000 | 10.4% | 9,900 | 1.0% | 3.7% | $1.86 | $78 | $4,100 | $40,000,000 | $214 | $11,100 | $110,000,000 | 26.7% |
| Retail | 1,204,000 | 12.4% | 27,620 | 2.3% | 10.4% | $1.71 | $70 | $3,600 | $101,000,000 | $225 | $11,700 | $324,000,000 | 23.7% |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing | 70,000 | 0.7% | 3,150 | 4.5% | 1.2% | $1.31 | $65 | $3,400 | $11,000,000 | $297 | $15,400 | $49,000,000 | 17.9% |
| Wholesale | 301,000 | 3.1% | 4,450 | 1.5% | 1.7% | $2.55 | $91 | $4,700 | $21,000,000 | $183 | $9,500 | $42,000,000 | 33.3% |
| Transportation and utilities | 628,000 | 6.4% | 10,470 | 1.7% | 4.0% | $1.38 | $56 | $2,900 | $31,000,000 | $253 | $13,200 | $138,000,000 | 18.2% |
| Information | 187,000 | 1.9% | 3,080 | 1.6% | 1.2% | $2.12 | $61 | $3,200 | $10,000,000 | $129 | $6,700 | $21,000,000 | 32.0% |
| Financial activities | 706,000 | 7.2% | 10,750 | 1.5% | 4.1% | $2.29 | $94 | $4,900 | $53,000,000 | $194 | $10,100 | $109,000,000 | 32.6% |
| Professional and business | 1,103,000 | 11.3% | 23,060 | 2.1% | 8.7% | $1.90 | $63 | $3,300 | $75,000,000 | $189 | $9,800 | $226,000,000 | 24.9% |
| Education and health | 1,547,000 | 15.9% | 29,050 | 1.9% | 11.0% | $1.88 | $61 | $3,200 | $93,000,000 | $186 | $9,700 | $281,000,000 | 24.8% |
| Food or drink service | 722,000 | 7.4% | 78,720 | 10.9% | 29.7% | $3.32 | $108 | $5,600 | $444,000,000 | $135 | $7,000 | $552,000,000 | 44.5% |
| Other leisure and hospitality | 223,000 | 2.3% | 15,340 | 6.9% | 5.8% | $2.40 | $106 | $5,500 | $85,000,000 | $186 | $9,700 | $148,000,000 | 36.4% |
| Other industries | 1,229,000 | 12.6% | 37,570 | 3.1% | 14.2% | $2.19 | $79 | $4,100 | $154,000,000 | $194 | $10,100 | $378,000,000 | 28.9% |
| Occupation | |||||||||||||
| Management | 1,370,000 | 14.1% | 8,260 | 0.6% | 3.1% | $2.76 | $134 | $6,900 | $57,000,000 | $214 | $11,100 | $92,000,000 | 38.4% |
| Professional | 1,520,000 | 15.6% | 14,680 | 1.0% | 5.5% | $2.34 | $88 | $4,600 | $67,000,000 | $184 | $9,600 | $140,000,000 | 32.3% |
| Service | 1,811,000 | 18.6% | 144,160 | 8.0% | 54.5% | $2.75 | $90 | $4,700 | $677,000,000 | $157 | $8,200 | $1,178,000,000 | 36.5% |
| Sales | 1,146,000 | 11.8% | 26,120 | 2.3% | 9.9% | $2.10 | $81 | $4,200 | $110,000,000 | $199 | $10,300 | $270,000,000 | 28.9% |
| Office and administrative support | 1,361,000 | 14.0% | 19,700 | 1.4% | 7.4% | $1.67 | $56 | $2,900 | $57,000,000 | $214 | $11,100 | $219,000,000 | 20.7% |
| Farming, forestry, and fishing | 50,000 | 0.5% | 4,530 | 9.0% | 1.7% | $2.09 | $151 | $7,900 | $36,000,000 | $286 | $14,900 | $67,000,000 | 34.6% |
| Construction and extraction | 724,000 | 7.4% | 10,930 | 1.5% | 4.1% | $2.10 | $82 | $4,300 | $47,000,000 | $212 | $11,000 | $120,000,000 | 27.9% |
| Installation, maintenance, and repairs | 410,000 | 4.2% | 5,400 | 1.3% | 2.0% | $1.79 | $92 | $4,800 | $26,000,000 | $258 | $13,400 | $73,000,000 | 26.3% |
| Production | 634,000 | 6.5% | 10,810 | 1.7% | 4.1% | $1.48 | $53 | $2,700 | $30,000,000 | $210 | $10,900 | $118,000,000 | 20.1% |
| Transportation | 716,000 | 7.4% | 20,080 | 2.8% | 7.6% | $1.53 | $56 | $2,900 | $58,000,000 | $219 | $11,400 | $229,000,000 | 20.2% |
| Worker status | |||||||||||||
| Part time (<20 hours) | 361,000 | 3.7% | 20,380 | 5.7% | 7.7% | $2.71 | $35 | $1,800 | $37,000,000 | $54 | $2,800 | $57,000,000 | 39.1% |
| Mid time (20–34 hours) | 1,157,000 | 11.9% | 78,880 | 6.8% | 29.8% | $2.69 | $72 | $3,700 | $295,000,000 | $118 | $6,200 | $486,000,000 | 37.8% |
| Full time (35+ hours) | 8,225,000 | 84.4% | 165,420 | 2.0% | 62.5% | $2.19 | $97 | $5,000 | $833,000,000 | $228 | $11,900 | $1,964,000,000 | 29.8% |
| Education | |||||||||||||
| Less than high school | 1,443,000 | 14.8% | 70,550 | 4.9% | 26.7% | $2.11 | $75 | $3,900 | $276,000,000 | $192 | $10,000 | $703,000,000 | 28.2% |
| High school | 2,759,000 | 28.3% | 80,460 | 2.9% | 30.4% | $2.22 | $78 | $4,100 | $326,000,000 | $182 | $9,500 | $761,000,000 | 30.0% |
| Some college | 3,062,000 | 31.4% | 82,120 | 2.7% | 31.0% | $2.75 | $95 | $4,900 | $404,000,000 | $168 | $8,700 | $717,000,000 | 36.0% |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher | 2,479,000 | 25.4% | 31,550 | 1.3% | 11.9% | $2.43 | $97 | $5,000 | $158,000,000 | $198 | $10,300 | $326,000,000 | 32.7% |
| Nativity & citizenship | |||||||||||||
| U.S.-born | 7,444,000 | 76.4% | 181,560 | 2.4% | 68.6% | $2.53 | $88 | $4,600 | $829,000,000 | $169 | $8,800 | $1,597,000,000 | 34.2% |
| Foreign born | 2,298,000 | 23.6% | 83,130 | 3.6% | 31.4% | $2.05 | $78 | $4,000 | $336,000,000 | $211 | $11,000 | $910,000,000 | 26.9% |
| U.S.-born citizen | 7,569,000 | 77.7% | 183,080 | 2.4% | 69.2% | $2.52 | $87 | $4,500 | $833,000,000 | $169 | $8,800 | $1,612,000,000 | 34.1% |
| Naturalized U.S. citizen | 741,000 | 7.6% | 20,460 | 2.8% | 7.7% | $2.14 | $84 | $4,300 | $89,000,000 | $192 | $10,000 | $205,000,000 | 30.3% |
| Not a U.S. citizen | 1,433,000 | 14.7% | 61,150 | 4.3% | 23.1% | $2.04 | $76 | $4,000 | $243,000,000 | $217 | $11,300 | $690,000,000 | 26.0% |
Note: Full-year annual wages are calculated by multiplying weekly wages by 52 weeks per year. Numbers may not add due to rounding. Shares are computed based on unrounded numbers. “Low-wage earners” includes all minimum-wage-eligible workers in the bottom quintile of wage earners in the state.
Source: EPI analysis of Current Population Survey Outgoing Rotation Group data, 2013–2015