Summary statistics on minimum wage violations in Ohio

Category Minimum-wage-eligible workers Eligible workers experiencing minimum wage violations
Total number Share of total Number Share of total group Group’s share of category Average hourly underpayment Average weekly underpayment Average annual underpayment if full-year Total earned annual wages not paid to workers Average weekly wages received Average annual wages received if full-year Total annual wages received by workers experiencing minimum wage violations Share of earned wages not paid
All workers 3,915,000 100.0% 216,990 5.5% 100.0% $1.65 $53 $2,800 $601,000,000 $185 $9,600 $2,084,000,000 22.4%
Low-wage earners 956,000 24.4% 216,990 22.7% 100.0% $1.65 $53 $2,800 $601,000,000 $185 $9,600 $2,084,000,000 22.4%
Gender
Men 2,005,000 51.2% 82,160 4.1% 37.9% $1.51 $55 $2,900 $235,000,000 $208 $10,800 $887,000,000 20.9%
Women 1,911,000 48.8% 134,830 7.1% 62.1% $1.73 $52 $2,700 $366,000,000 $171 $8,900 $1,196,000,000 23.4%
Age
Under 20 195,000 5.0% 49,470 25.4% 22.8% $0.81 $19 $1,000 $50,000,000 $153 $7,900 $393,000,000 11.2%
20 and over 3,721,000 95.0% 167,520 4.5% 77.2% $1.89 $63 $3,300 $551,000,000 $194 $10,100 $1,691,000,000 24.6%
16–24 666,000 17.0% 105,870 15.9% 48.8% $1.34 $41 $2,100 $224,000,000 $166 $8,600 $915,000,000 19.7%
25–54 2,431,000 62.1% 71,950 3.0% 33.2% $1.93 $66 $3,400 $247,000,000 $211 $11,000 $789,000,000 23.8%
55–85 819,000 20.9% 39,170 4.8% 18.1% $1.95 $64 $3,300 $130,000,000 $186 $9,700 $379,000,000 25.5%
Race/ethnicity
White 3,254,000 83.1% 164,600 5.1% 75.9% $1.68 $54 $2,800 $466,000,000 $183 $9,500 $1,565,000,000 23.0%
Black 405,000 10.3% 35,120 8.7% 16.2% $1.44 $46 $2,400 $84,000,000 $193 $10,000 $353,000,000 19.2%
Hispanic 130,000 3.3% 7,730 5.9% 3.6% $1.66 $59 $3,100 $24,000,000 $210 $10,900 $84,000,000 21.9%
Other 126,000 3.2% 9,550 7.6% 4.4% $1.87 $55 $2,800 $27,000,000 $165 $8,600 $82,000,000 24.8%
Marital & family status
Married parent 922,000 23.6% 22,520 2.4% 10.4% $2.38 $86 $4,500 $100,000,000 $201 $10,500 $235,000,000 29.9%
Single parent 327,000 8.4% 20,590 6.3% 9.5% $1.86 $59 $3,100 $63,000,000 $193 $10,100 $207,000,000 23.4%
Married, no kids 1,026,000 26.2% 31,140 3.0% 14.4% $1.68 $58 $3,000 $94,000,000 $209 $10,900 $339,000,000 21.7%
Unmarried, no kids 1,640,000 41.9% 142,740 8.7% 65.8% $1.49 $46 $2,400 $343,000,000 $175 $9,100 $1,302,000,000 20.9%
Family income
Less than $10,000 159,000 4.0% 19,290 12.2% 8.9% $1.41 $47 $2,500 $47,000,000 $200 $10,400 $201,000,000 19.1%
$10,000–$24,999 423,000 10.8% 48,020 11.4% 22.1% $1.75 $53 $2,700 $132,000,000 $181 $9,400 $452,000,000 22.5%
$25,000–$39,999 678,000 17.3% 36,040 5.3% 16.6% $1.94 $65 $3,400 $121,000,000 $181 $9,400 $339,000,000 26.3%
$40,000–$59,999 802,000 20.5% 42,020 5.2% 19.4% $1.47 $50 $2,600 $109,000,000 $201 $10,400 $439,000,000 19.9%
$60,000–$99,999 1,136,000 29.0% 46,290 4.1% 21.3% $1.66 $49 $2,500 $117,000,000 $176 $9,100 $423,000,000 21.7%
$100,000–$149,999 521,000 13.3% 18,540 3.6% 8.5% $1.35 $52 $2,700 $50,000,000 $180 $9,400 $174,000,000 22.3%
$150,000 or more 197,000 5.0% 6,780 3.4% 3.1% $1.85 $68 $3,600 $24,000,000 $157 $8,200 $55,000,000 30.4%
Industry
Construction 187,000 4.8% 2,390 1.3% 1.1% $2.57 $103 $5,300 $13,000,000 $218 $11,300 $27,000,000 32.0%
Manufacturing 688,000 17.6% 9,910 1.4% 4.6% $1.34 $51 $2,600 $26,000,000 $258 $13,400 $133,000,000 16.4%
Retail 503,000 12.9% 33,930 6.7% 15.6% $1.01 $29 $1,500 $52,000,000 $188 $9,800 $332,000,000 13.5%
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing  –  –
Wholesale 114,000 2.9% 2,730 2.4% 1.3% $2.08 $84 $4,400 $12,000,000 $227 $11,800 $32,000,000 27.0%
Transportation and utilities 199,000 5.1% 5,560 2.8% 2.6% $2.11 $74 $3,900 $22,000,000 $229 $11,900 $66,000,000 24.5%
Information 62,000 1.6% 3,220 5.2% 1.5% $1.92 $41 $2,100 $7,000,000 $140 $7,300 $23,000,000 22.6%
Financial activities 224,000 5.7% 5,560 2.5% 2.6% $1.89 $72 $3,800 $21,000,000 $237 $12,300 $68,000,000 23.4%
Professional and business 314,000 8.0% 9,250 2.9% 4.3% $1.80 $62 $3,200 $30,000,000 $205 $10,600 $98,000,000 23.2%
Education and health 877,000 22.4% 30,240 3.4% 13.9% $1.98 $70 $3,600 $110,000,000 $189 $9,800 $297,000,000 27.1%
Food or drink service 335,000 8.6% 84,820 25.3% 39.1% $1.82 $54 $2,800 $237,000,000 $160 $8,300 $705,000,000 25.2%
Other leisure and hospitality 104,000 2.7% 10,610 10.2% 4.9% $1.37 $44 $2,300 $24,000,000 $163 $8,500 $90,000,000 21.1%
Other industries 289,000 7.4% 16,430 5.7% 7.6% $1.27 $46 $2,400 $39,000,000 $206 $10,700 $176,000,000 18.2%
Occupation
Management 314,000 8.0% 7,970 2.5% 3.7% $2.80 $124 $6,400 $51,000,000 $213 $11,100 $88,000,000 36.7%
Professional 822,000 21.0% 21,370 2.6% 9.8% $2.29 $80 $4,200 $89,000,000 $184 $9,600 $204,000,000 30.4%
Service 715,000 18.3% 106,700 14.9% 49.2% $1.69 $50 $2,600 $278,000,000 $168 $8,700 $930,000,000 23.0%
Sales 434,000 11.1% 33,570 7.7% 15.5% $0.92 $27 $1,400 $48,000,000 $179 $9,300 $312,000,000 13.3%
Office and administrative support 510,000 13.0% 15,150 3.0% 7.0% $1.46 $43 $2,200 $34,000,000 $201 $10,400 $158,000,000 17.6%
Farming, forestry, and fishing  –  –
Construction and extraction 174,000 4.4% 3,330 1.9% 1.5% $2.11 $85 $4,400 $15,000,000 $232 $12,100 $40,000,000 26.9%
Installation, maintenance, and repairs 164,000 4.2% 2,460 1.5% 1.1% $2.06 $79 $4,100 $10,000,000 $225 $11,700 $29,000,000 26.1%
Production 415,000 10.6% 5,560 1.3% 2.6% $1.82 $70 $3,600 $20,000,000 $233 $12,100 $68,000,000 23.0%
Transportation 351,000 9.0% 18,120 5.2% 8.4% $1.47 $48 $2,500 $46,000,000 $227 $11,800 $214,000,000 17.6%
Worker status
Part time (<20 hours) 268,000 6.8% 42,310 15.8% 19.5% $1.07 $15 $800 $32,000,000 $93 $4,800 $204,000,000 13.6%
Mid time (20–34 hours) 680,000 17.4% 93,900 13.8% 43.3% $1.61 $42 $2,200 $205,000,000 $164 $8,500 $799,000,000 20.4%
Full time (35+ hours) 2,968,000 75.8% 80,780 2.7% 37.2% $1.99 $87 $4,500 $364,000,000 $257 $13,400 $1,081,000,000 25.2%
Education
Less than high school 293,000 7.5% 51,030 17.4% 23.5% $0.99 $27 $1,400 $72,000,000 $168 $8,700 $445,000,000 13.9%
High school 1,431,000 36.5% 76,150 5.3% 35.1% $1.65 $55 $2,900 $219,000,000 $192 $10,000 $760,000,000 22.4%
Some college 1,178,000 30.1% 63,900 5.4% 29.4% $1.75 $53 $2,800 $176,000,000 $187 $9,700 $621,000,000 22.1%
Bachelor’s degree or higher 1,014,000 25.9% 25,910 2.6% 11.9% $2.64 $99 $5,100 $133,000,000 $190 $9,900 $257,000,000 34.1%
Nativity & citizenship
U.S.-born 3,683,000 94.1% 207,000 5.6% 95.4% $1.64 $53 $2,800 $571,000,000 $184 $9,600 $1,980,000,000 22.4%
Foreign born 232,000 5.9% 9,990 4.3% 4.6% $1.85 $56 $2,900 $29,000,000 $200 $10,400 $104,000,000 22.0%
U.S.-born citizen 3,701,000 94.5% 207,990 5.6% 95.9% $1.65 $53 $2,800 $577,000,000 $184 $9,500 $1,985,000,000 22.5%
Naturalized U.S. citizen 93,000 2.4% 3,770 4.1% 1.7% $1.92 $58 $3,000 $11,000,000 $207 $10,700 $41,000,000 21.8%
Not a U.S. citizen 121,000 3.1% 5,220 4.3% 2.4% $1.37 $45 $2,300 $12,000,000 $212 $11,000 $58,000,000 17.4%

Note: Full-year annual wages are calculated by multiplying weekly wages by 52 weeks per year. Data are not shown where sample sizes are too small to provide reliable estimates. Numbers may not add due to rounding. Shares are computed based on unrounded numbers. “Low-wage earners” includes all minimum-wage-eligible workers in the bottom quintile of wage earners in the state.

Sample includes workers age 16 to 85 in Ohio.

Source: EPI analysis of Current Population Survey Outgoing Rotation Group data, 2013–2015

View the underlying data on epi.org.