Union density and minimum wages by state
| State | State minimum wage (2025) | Union density (2022-2024 average) |
|---|---|---|
| Washington D.C. | $17.5 | 10.83% |
| Washington | $16.66 | 18.47% |
| California | $16.50 | 16.93% |
| Connecticut | $16.35 | 16.68% |
| New York | $15.50 | 21.84% |
| New Jersey | $15.49 | 16.88% |
| Delaware | $15.00 | 9.51% |
| Illinois | $15.00 | 13.98% |
| Maryland | $15.00 | 13.12% |
| Massachusetts | $15.00 | 14.31% |
| Rhode Island | $15.00 | 15.44% |
| Colorado | $14.81 | 8.07% |
| Arizona | $14.70 | 5.18% |
| Oregon | $14.70 | 16.45% |
| Maine | $14.65 | 12.52% |
| Vermont | $14.01 | 14.89% |
| Hawaii | $14.00 | 25.47% |
| Missouri | $13.75 | 10.08% |
| Nebraska | $13.50 | 8.50% |
| Florida | $14.00 | 6.00% |
| Virginia | $12.41 | 5.28% |
| Nevada | $12.00 | 13.55% |
| New Mexico | $12.00 | 9.48% |
| Alaska | $13.00 | 17.34% |
| South Dakota | $11.50 | 4.04% |
| Minnesota | $11.13 | 14.70% |
| Arkansas | $11.00 | 5.29% |
| Ohio | $10.70 | 13.60% |
| Michigan | $10.56 | 14.71% |
| Montana | $10.55 | 12.77% |
| West Virginia | $8.75 | 10.03% |
| Alabama | $7.25 | 8.25% |
| Georgia | $7.25 | 5.08% |
| Idaho | $7.25 | 5.73% |
| Indiana | $7.25 | 9.37% |
| Iowa | $7.25 | 8.56% |
| Kansas | $7.25 | 10.26% |
| Kentucky | $7.25 | 10.94% |
| Louisiana | $7.25 | 5.11% |
| Mississippi | $7.25 | 8.31% |
| New Hampshire | $7.25 | 10.89% |
| North Carolina | $7.25 | 3.43% |
| North Dakota | $7.25 | 7.11% |
| Oklahoma | $7.25 | 7.03% |
| Pennsylvania | $7.25 | 13.41% |
| South Carolina | $7.25 | 3.00% |
| Tennessee | $7.25 | 6.24% |
| Texas | $7.25 | 5.30% |
| Utah | $7.25 | 8.31% |
| Wisconsin | $7.25 | 7.80% |
| Wyoming | $7.25 | 6.89% |
Notes: Union density is defined as the share of workers in the state who are represented by a union, including union members and other workers who are covered by a union contract, based on the variable “union” from EPI extracts of CPS-ORG microdata.
Union density is defined as the share of workers in the state who are represented by a union, including union members and other workers who are covered by a union contract, based on the variable “union” from EPI extracts of CPS-ORG microdata. We average union density data across 2022 to 2024 for each state to give a more accurate estimate of states’ typical unionization rates over time.
Sources: EPI analysis of 2022–2024 Current Population Survey Outgoing Rotation Group (CPS-ORG) microdata for all workers ages 16 and older; EPI Minimum Wage Tracker, updated July 2025.