Probability of minimum wage violation relative to reference group, 2009–2019
| Hispanic female noncitizen (vs. white female citizen) | 280% |
|---|---|
| Black female noncitizen (vs. white female citizen) | 212% |
| Noncitizen (vs. citizen) | 204% |
| Hispanic (vs. white) | 203% |
| Black (vs. white) | 155% |
| Female (vs. male) | 140% |
Source: Minimum wage violation rates calculated using CPS-ORG data compiled by the Center for Economic and Policy Research, 2020. CPS-ORG Uniform Extracts, Version 2.5.