Wages and wage gaps for select demographic groups, 1979, 2019, and 2023 ($2023)
| Annualized percent change | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Middle wage (avg. 40th-60th) | 1979 | 2019 | 2023 | 1979-2019 | 2019-2023 |
| All | $20.41 | $23.27 | $23.96 | 0.3% | 0.7% |
| Men | $25.39 | $25.40 | $25.92 | 0.0% | 0.5% |
| Women | $16.02 | $21.28 | $22.05 | 0.7% | 0.9% |
| White | $21.10 | $25.71 | $26.25 | 0.5% | 0.5% |
| Black | $17.47 | $19.54 | $20.66 | 0.3% | 1.4% |
| Hispanic | $17.17 | $19.04 | $19.76 | 0.3% | 0.9% |
| AAPI | $29.13 | $30.42 | 1.1% | ||
| Race/ethnicity and gender | |||||
| White Women | 16.25 | 23.04 | 23.79 | 0.9% | 0.8% |
| White Men | 26.44 | 28.49 | 28.64 | 0.2% | 0.1% |
| Black Women | 15.09 | 18.98 | 19.99 | 0.6% | 1.3% |
| Black Men | 20.33 | 20.18 | 21.43 | 0.0% | 1.5% |
| Hispanic Women | 14.19 | 17.60 | 18.49 | 0.5% | 1.2% |
| Hispanic Men | 19.61 | 20.19 | 20.94 | 0.1% | 0.9% |
| AAPI Women | 25.84 | 27.07 | 1.2% | ||
| AAPI Men | 32.93 | 34.04 | 0.8% | ||
| Age | |||||
| Young workers, 16-24 | 14.31 | 14.64 | 15.90 | 0.1% | 2.1% |
| Workers, 25+ | 23.09 | 25.38 | 26.12 | 0.2% | 0.7% |
| Education | |||||
| Less than a Bachelor’s | 18.79 | 19.01 | 19.49 | 0.0% | 0.6% |
| Bachelor’s degree+ | 29.11 | 35.77 | 35.92 | 0.5% | 0.1% |
| Parents | |||||
| Parents (child under 18) | 26.03 | 27.36 | 1.3% | ||
| Mothers (child under 18) | 22.56 | 24.09 | 1.7% | ||
| Annualized percentage point change | |||||
| Wage gaps | 1979 | 2019 | 2023 | 1979-2019 | 2019-2023 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Black-white | 20.8% | 31.6% | 27.1% | 0.3 | -1.1 |
| Hispanic-white | 22.9% | 35.0% | 32.9% | 0.3 | -0.5 |
| Gender | |||||
| Gender wage gap | 58.5% | 19.4% | 17.5% | -1.0 | -0.5 |
| Race/ethnicity and gender | |||||
| Black and white men | 30.1% | 41.2% | 33.6% | 0.3 | -1.9 |
| Hispanic and white men | 34.8% | 41.1% | 36.8% | 0.2 | -1.1 |
| Black women-white men | 75.2% | 50.1% | 43.3% | -0.6 | -1.7 |
| Hispanic women-white men | 86.3% | 61.9% | 54.9% | -0.6 | -1.7 |
| Education | |||||
| BA and non-college | 54.9% | 88.2% | 84.3% | 0.8 | -1.0 |
Note: AAPI refers to Asian American and Pacific Islander. Race/ethnicity categories are mutually exclusive (i.e., white non-Hispanic, Black non-Hispanic, AAPI non-Hispanic, and Hispanic any race).
Source: EPI analysis of the Current Population Survey Outgoing Rotation Group microdata, EPI Current Population Survey Extracts, Version 1.0.48 (2024a), https://microdata.epi.org.