Reading score gains on California Achievement Test, by socioeconomic status (SES), October–May, 1983–1987
| Low SES | Mid SES | High SES | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st grade | 55.94 | 69.86 | 60.09 |
| 2nd grade | 46 | 43.19 | 39.82 |
| 3rd grade | 30.46 | 34.34 | 34.68 |
| 4th grade | 33.57 | 41.29 | 28.52 |
| 5th grade | 25.28 | 27.86 | 23.58 |
| Total | 191.25 | 216.54 | 186.69 |
Note: Family socioeconomic status (SES) is a composite of parental education levels and occupational status, and receipt of reduced-price school meals.
Source: Author's analysis of Alexander, Entwisle, and Olson (2001, Table 2)