Demographic shares and mean weekly earnings of major U.S. industries
| Potential job gains from: | Race/ethnicity shares of workforce | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Industries | Actual 2019 employment (thousands) | Climate and infrastructure investments (thousands) | Rebalancing trade (thousands) | Mean weekly earnings* (dollars) | White | Black | Hispanic | AAPI | Other | Workers of color subtotal |
| Total | 153,274.9 | 3,387.1 | 3,508.2 | $986 | 60.9% | 12.8% | 18.7% | 6.5% | 1.1% | 39.1% |
| Agriculture, mining, utilities |
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| Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting | 1,565.2 | 48.3 | 540.3 | $748 | 51.3% | 3.5% | 41.9% | 2.0% | 1.3% | 48.7% |
| Oil and gas Extraction | 150.1 | 4.6 | 64.0 | $1,846 | 70.9% | 6.6% | 15.3% | 6.1% | 1.2% | 29.1% |
| Mining (except oil and gas) | 534.5 | 9.0 | 123.8 | $1,640 | 68.2% | 5.6% | 20.2% | 3.0% | 3.0% | 31.8% |
| Utilities | 549.0 | 20.0 | 16.7 | $1,468 | 73.6% | 9.1% | 12.2% | 4.0% | 1.1% | 26.4% |
| Construction | 7,492.2 | 426.8 | 44.4 | $1,066 | 58.5% | 6.1% | 31.9% | 2.4% | 1.1% | 41.5% |
| Manufacturing | ||||||||||
| Food manufacturing | 1,643.2 | 2.9 | 73.1 | $848 | 48.7% | 13.4% | 30.0% | 6.7% | 1.3% | 51.3% |
| Beverage and tobacco products |
286.3 | 0.4 | 8.9 | $1,138 | 65.8% | 12.7% | 17.2% | 3.3% | 1.1% | 34.2% |
| Textile mills and textile product mills |
222.0 | 5.9 | 7.6 | $881 | 63.1% | 12.7% | 18.5% | 3.9% | 1.7% | 36.9% |
| Apparel, leather, and allied product manufacturing |
137.7 | 1.2 | (14.6) | $876 | 41.6% | 10.1% | 34.9% | 13.4% | 0.0% | 58.4% |
| Wood product manufacturing | 408.8 | 37.5 | 13.6 | $889 | 65.1% | 7.9% | 22.8% | 2.8% | 1.4% | 34.9% |
| Paper manufacturing | 365.3 | 8.3 | 26.4 | $1,210 | 69.4% | 13.6% | 13.1% | 2.4% | 1.6% | 30.6% |
| Printing and related support activities |
424.6 | 6.3 | 11.1 | $971 | 69.8% | 7.2% | 17.3% | 4.9% | 0.8% | 30.2% |
| Petroleum and coal products | 114.5 | 2.6 | 17.4 | $1,651 | 61.3% | 9.1% | 19.8% | 8.0% | 1.8% | 38.7% |
| Chemical manufacturing | 849.9 | 25.6 | 122.4 | $1,623 | 67.1% | 10.3% | 12.8% | 9.1% | 0.7% | 32.9% |
| Plastics and rubber products manufacturing |
737.0 | 25.1 | 37.0 | $1,032 | 66.1% | 12.0% | 16.2% | 4.7% | 1.0% | 33.9% |
| Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing |
421.6 | 28.0 | 16.8 | $1,025 | 65.6% | 9.7% | 21.0% | 2.8% | 0.9% | 34.4% |
| Iron and steel mills and steel products from purchased steel |
144.0 | 15.5 | 51.6 | $1,160 | 72.7% | 10.0% | 12.9% | 2.4% | 2.0% | 27.3% |
| Nonferrous metals production and foundries |
241.1 | 29.4 | 151.4 | $1,082 | 72.6% | 8.8% | 14.9% | 2.7% | 0.9% | 27.4% |
| Architectural and structural products; boiler, tank, and shipping containers |
496.7 | 106.0 | 31.6 | $1,070 | 70.2% | 8.1% | 16.2% | 3.4% | 2.1% | 29.8% |
| Other fabricated metal products |
994.9 | 113.6 | 132.4 | $1,002 | 71.0% | 6.4% | 17.3% | 4.0% | 1.3% | 29.0% |
| Agricultural, construction, commercial and service, and metalworking machinery |
495.1 | 17.0 | 86.1 | $1,310 | 74.8% | 7.3% | 10.9% | 5.4% | 1.6% | 25.2% |
| Engine, turbine, and power transmission equipment |
99.6 | 51.4 | 29.2 | $1,457 | 74.0% | 7.5% | 10.9% | 7.6% | 0.1% | 26.0% |
| HVAC and misc. industrial machinery |
531.4 | 184.8 | 68.2 | $1,192 | 72.3% | 9.2% | 12.3% | 5.0% | 1.1% | 27.7% |
| Computer and peripheral equipment |
163.0 | 28.1 | (36.2) | $2,110 | 56.7% | 4.7% | 9.9% | 28.0% | 0.7% | 43.3% |
| Communications and audio and video equipment |
103.5 | 1.7 | 49.3 | $1,759 | 61.5% | 6.0% | 13.0% | 18.9% | 0.7% | 38.5% |
| Navigational measuring, electromedical, and control instruments |
424.1 | 4.6 | 50.6 | $1,590 | 71.7% | 5.8% | 11.4% | 10.0% | 1.1% | 28.3% |
| Semiconductor and other electronic components; reproducing magnetic and optical media |
389.9 | 56.6 | (16.3) | $1,831 | 57.3% | 5.9% | 11.4% | 24.2% | 1.2% | 42.7% |
| Household appliances | 62.1 | 18.2 | (0.5) | $1,121 | 68.5% | 15.4% | 11.2% | 4.7% | 0.3% | 31.5% |
| Other electrical equipment, appliances, and components |
343.0 | 240.5 | 44.5 | $1,271 | 66.3% | 9.4% | 13.9% | 8.8% | 1.5% | 33.7% |
| Motor vehicles and motor vehicle parts |
998.5 | 86.7 | 102.1 | $1,154 | 65.0% | 16.9% | 10.4% | 6.9% | 0.8% | 35.0% |
| Aerospace products and parts |
534.3 | 5.6 | 122.1 | $1,687 | 67.8% | 8.3% | 12.9% | 10.1% | 0.8% | 32.2% |
| Railroad, ship, and other transportation equipment |
201.4 | 4.8 | 22.5 | $1,220 | 63.1% | 16.5% | 14.8% | 4.3% | 1.3% | 36.9% |
| Furniture and related products | 388.3 | 7.6 | (17.3) | $870 | 66.2% | 7.9% | 21.4% | 3.9% | 0.6% | 33.8% |
| Miscellaneous manufacturing | 617.7 | 5.5 | 195.3 | $1,192 | 60.7% | 9.5% | 19.5% | 9.5% | 0.8% | 39.3% |
| Services | ||||||||||
| Wholesale trade | 5,903.4 | 118.6 | 218.6 | $1,210 | 65.7% | 9.0% | 18.9% | 5.6% | 0.8% | 34.3% |
| Retail trade | 15,644.2 | 53.2 | 57.0 | $715 | 61.1% | 13.1% | 18.3% | 6.2% | 1.3% | 38.9% |
| Transit and ground passenger transportation | 499.2 | 301.4 | 5.4 | $791 | 39.3% | 30.0% | 19.1% | 10.9% | 0.8% | 60.7% |
| Other transportation and warehousing | 5,118.9 | 104.4 | 192.2 | $1,012 | 54.4% | 18.6% | 20.7% | 5.3% | 1.1% | 45.6% |
| Information | 2,859.4 | 44.2 | 28.1 | $1,305 | 67.4% | 10.9% | 12.9% | 7.9% | 0.8% | 32.6% |
| Finance and insurance | 6,425.2 | 65.1 | 93.3 | $1,621 | 67.1% | 9.7% | 11.9% | 10.7% | 0.6% | 32.9% |
| Real estate and rental and leasing | 2,320.8 | 26.0 | 42.6 | $1,387 | 68.5% | 12.7% | 11.0% | 7.1% | 0.7% | 31.5% |
| Professional, scientific, and technical services | 9,542.8 | 165.9 | 209.4 | $1,136 | 64.3% | 11.4% | 18.5% | 5.0% | 0.8% | 35.7% |
| Management of companies and enterprises | 2,427.4 | 66.1 | 117.4 | $1,321 | 71.9% | 9.0% | 12.5% | 5.9% | 0.7% | 28.1% |
| Employment support services and building services | 5,805.7 | 141.4 | 140.8 | $718 | 45.1% | 13.6% | 37.3% | 3.0% | 1.0% | 54.9% |
| Waste management and remediation and other administrative and support services | 3,537.2 | 90.8 | 81.8 | $904 | 55.1% | 20.0% | 18.9% | 4.9% | 1.0% | 44.9% |
| Educational services | 3,764.5 | 289.6 | 4.4 | $1,066 | 70.1% | 11.1% | 12.1% | 5.8% | 0.9% | 29.9% |
| Health care and social assistance | 14,487.6 | 2.2 | 2.0 | $1,132 | 62.4% | 15.2% | 13.2% | 8.2% | 1.1% | 37.6% |
| Caregiving | 5,925.0 | 0.3 | 0.4 | $665 | 52.9% | 25.3% | 15.5% | 5.2% | 1.2% | 47.1% |
| Arts, entertainment, and recreation | 2,433.3 | 66.8 | 9.7 | $720 | 65.8% | 11.0% | 14.4% | 6.2% | 2.6% | 34.2% |
| Accommodation and food services | 14,142.6 | 37.2 | 45.4 | $480 | 49.9% | 14.2% | 26.8% | 7.8% | 1.3% | 50.1% |
| Other private services | 6,713.8 | 23.2 | 34.0 | $780 | 59.4% | 10.5% | 20.8% | 8.4% | 0.9% | 40.6% |
| Public administration | 22,593.4 | 160.5 | 50.1 | $954 | 52.5% | 26.0% | 12.4% | 8.1% | 1.0% | 47.5% |
| Addendum, subtotals: | ||||||||||
| Agriculture, mining, utilities | 2,798.8 | 81.9 | 744.9 | $1,220 | 12.0% | 1.5% | 2.0% | 0.6% | 0.2% | 4.3% |
| Construction | 7,492.2 | 426.8 | 44.4 | $1,066 | 58.5% | 6.1% | 31.9% | 2.4% | 1.1% | 41.5% |
| Manufacturing | 12,839.5 | 1,121.5 | 1,386.4 | $1,215 | 63.8% | 10.5% | 17.1% | 7.6% | 1.1% | 36.2% |
| Services | 130,144.4 | 1,756.9 | 1,332.5 | $934 | 60.6% | 14.0% | 17.5% | 6.8% | 1.1% | 39.4% |
Notes: Industries with above average shares of Black, Hispanic, or AAPI employment are highlighted in bold.
*Mean weekly earnings are average hourly wages times mean weekly hours for all workers, by industry. Estimates of real wages (excluding benefits) are based on a pooled four-year sample covering the years 2017 to 2020 in real 2020 dollars.
Sources: EPI analysis of historical employment data from BLS-EP (2020); estimates of jobs supported by industry from trade rebalancing and climate and infrastructure investments from Scott, Mokhiber, and Perez (2020); and wage and earnings data and demographic counts from pooled 2017–2020 Current Population Survey microdata (EPI 2021a).