Union effects on nonunion, non–college degree private-sector wages, 1979–2013: Comparison of high-, mid-, and low-range estimates (2013 dollars)
| 1983 | 1993 | 2003 | 2013 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| $ | % | $ | % | $ | % | $ | % | |
| Men | ||||||||
| High-range | 22.30 | 3.0 | 46.82 | 6.5 | 66.38 | 8.3 | 70.44 | 9.3 |
| Mid-range | 18.61 | 2.5 | 38.82 | 5.4 | 54.62 | 6.9 | 58.31 | 7.7 |
| Low-range (1) | 12.78 | 1.7 | 26.41 | 3.7 | 37.83 | 4.7 | 40.27 | 5.3 |
| Low-range (2) | 18.60 | 2.5% | 38.38 | 5.3 | 55.08 | 6.9 | 58.62 | 7.7 |
| Women | ||||||||
| High-range | 7.34 | 1.4 | 15.72 | 2.8 | 19.77 | 3.2 | 18.65 | 3.1 |
| Mid-range | 4.95 | 1.0 | 10.61 | 1.9 | 13.19 | 2.1 | 12.59 | 2.1 |
| Low-range (1) | 4.22 | 0.8 | 9.01 | 1.6 | 11.43 | 1.8 | 10.79 | 1.8 |
| Low-range (2) | 6.41 | 1.2 | 13.69 | 2.5 | 17.39 | 2.8 | 16.38 | 2.8 |
Notes: Sample restricted to nonunion, non–college degree full-time workers in the private sector ages 16 to 64. The mid-range estimates are drawn from the analyses presented in Figure D; the high-range estimates come from models that remove the employment demand control; and we calculate two sets of low-range estimates: (1) models include industry fixed effects (but remove the manufacturing control) and (2) models include industry-region fixed effects (removing the manufacturing and region controls). See the text and Methodological Appendix for details on the analysis.
Source: Authors’ compilations from the Current Population Survey (CPS) May Supplement microdata and CPS Outgoing Rotation Group microdata.