Black civic engagement flourished during Reconstruction: Composition of registered voters in select Southern states, by race, 1868
| State | White registration | Black registration |
|---|---|---|
| Louisiana | 35% | 65% |
| South Carolina | 37% | 63% |
| Alabama | 37% | 63% |
| Florida | 43% | 57% |
| Mississippi | 43% | 57% |
| Georgia | 50% | 50% |
| Virginia | 53% | 47% |
| Texas | 55% | 45% |
| North Carolina | 59% | 41% |
| Arkansas | 61% | 39% |
Notes: Registration data refer to men aged 21+. Figures for Arkansas and Mississippi are estimates since no demographic data were collected by the Union army's Fourth Military District.
Source: Analysis of data compiled by Russ 1934. See also S. Exec. Doc. No. 40-53 (1868).