New York City construction occupation employment by race/ethnicity in union and nonunion sectors, 2006–2015
| Nonconstruction | Construction occupations* | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Blue-collar** | Union | Nonunion | |
| Race/ethnicity | Share of total | Share of total | Share of total |
| All | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% |
| Non-Hispanic white | 23.5% | 44.9% | 24.7% |
| All minorities | 76.5% | 55.1% | 75.3% |
| Black | 28.8% | 21.2% | 15.8% |
| Hispanic*** | 31.2% | 30.5% | 48.6% |
| All others | 16.6% | 3.4% | 11.0% |
* Construction occupations in the construction sector, excluding extraction occupations
** All installation, maintenance, and repair; production; transportation and material moving; construction and extraction occupations, but excluding construction occupations in construction industry
*** Hispanics excluding blacks
Source: Author's analysis of Current Population Survey Outgoing Rotation Group microdata, 2006–2015