Shares of workers with standard and nonstandard work arrangements, 2005 and 2017
| Total employed (thousands) | Share with standard work arrangements | Share with nonstandard work arrangements | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent contractors | On-call workers | Temp agency workers | Contract company workers | Day laborers | ||||||||||
| 2005 | 2017 | 2005 | 2017 | 2005 | 2017 | 2005 | 2017 | 2005 | 2017 | 2005 | 2017 | 2005 | 2017 | |
| All workers (ages 16+) | 138,952 | 153,331 | 89.1% | 89.9% | 7.4% | 6.9% | 1.8% | 1.7% | 0.9% | 0.9% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.2% | <0.1% |
| By age group | ||||||||||||||
| Ages 55–64 | 17,980 | 26,236 | 86.2% | 88.1% | 10.8% | 9.3% | 1.5% | 1.5% | 0.8% | 0.7%% | 0.6% | 0.5% | 0.2% | 0.1% |
| Ages 65+ | 4,817 | 9,240 | 76.8% | 78.5% | 18.3% | 16.2% | 3.6% | 3.1% | 0.7% | 1.1% | 0.4% | 1.1% | 0.2% | 0.1% |
| By education level | ||||||||||||||
| LTHS | 13,875 | 10,840 | 88.7% | 87.8% | 5.2% | 7.8% | 2.7% | 2.5% | 1.5% | 1.3% | 0.9% | 0.4% | 1.0% | 0.3% |
| HS | 42,521 | 41,584 | 89.8% | 89.9% | 7.0% | 6.6% | 1.7% | 1.7% | 0.9% | 1.3% | 0.5% | 0.6% | 0.2% | 0.1% |
| Some college | 40,761 | 43,249 | 89.2% | 90.4% | 7.4% | 6.5% | 1.8% | 1.8% | 1.0% | 1.0% | 0.6% | 0.5% | 0.2% | <0.1% |
| College | 27,320 | 36,262 | 88.7% | 89.8% | 8.3% | 7.5% | 1.6% | 1.4% | 0.8% | 0.7% | 0.5% | 0.7% | 0.1% | <0.1% |
| Advanced degree | 14,474 | 21,395 | 88.3% | 90.4% | 9.5% | 7.2% | 1.2% | 1.4% | 0.2% | 0.4% | 0.8% | 0.7% | <0.1% | <0.1% |
| By race/ethnicity | ||||||||||||||
| White | 98,223 | 97,832 | 88.6% | 89.6% | 8.4% | 7.7% | 1.8% | 1.7% | 0.6% | 0.5% | 0.5% | 0.5% | 0.2% | <0.1% |
| Black | 14,637 | 18,183 | 91.6% | 90.8% | 4.0% | 4.9% | 1.4% | 1.8% | 1.9% | 1.9% | 0.9% | 0.7% | 0.2% | <0.1% |
| Hispanic | 18,062 | 25,525 | 89.7% | 90.0% | 5.3% | 6.1% | 2.1% | 1.8% | 1.4% | 1.4% | 0.7% | 0.6% | 0.7% | 0.2% |
| Asian | 6,656 | 10,039 | 90.8% | 91.0% | 6.2% | 5.0% | 1.1% | 1.5% | 1.1% | 1.1% | 0.7% | 1.4% | 0.1% | <0.1% |
| By work hours | ||||||||||||||
| Full-time | 113,798 | 125,240 | 90.4% | 91.4% | 6.8% | 6.0% | 1.2% | 1.1% | 0.9% | 0.8% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.1% | <0.1% |
| Part-time | 25,154 | 28,091 | 83.3% | 83.1% | 10.4% | 11.1% | 4.3% | 4.1% | 0.9% | 1.1% | 0.5% | 0.5% | 0.7% | 0.1% |
| By number of jobs held | ||||||||||||||
| Has one job | 130,759 | 145,423 | 89.2% | 90.1% | 7.4% | 6.8% | 1.7% | 1.6% | 0.9% | 0.9% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.2% | 0.1% |
| Has multiple jobs | 8,193 | 7,907 | 87.3% | 86.6% | 8.6% | 9.2% | 2.2% | 2.9% | 1.1% | 0.9% | 0.6% | 0.4% | 0.3% | <0.1% |
| All working women (ages 16+) | 65,006 | 71,785 | 91.0% | 91.7% | 5.6% | 5.3% | 1.9% | 1.8% | 1.0% | 0.9% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.2% | <0.1% |
| Ages 55–64 | 8,495 | 12,396 | 88.8% | 90.3% | 7.7% | 7.1% | 1.9% | 1.5% | 1.0% | 0.7% | 0.5% | 0.4% | 0.1% | <0.1% |
| Ages 65+ | 2,202 | 4,164 | 81.1% | 81.2% | 13.3% | 12.3% | 3.8% | 4.0% | 0.8% | 1.3% | 0.7% | 1.1% | 0.3% | 0.1% |
| All working men (ages 16+) | 73,946 | 81,545 | 87.5% | 88.3% | 9.1% | 8.4% | 1.7% | 1.7% | 0.8% | 0.9% | 0.8% | 0.8% | 0.3% | 0.1% |
| Ages 55–64 | 9,485 | 13,840 | 83.9% | 86.1% | 13.6% | 11.2% | 1.1% | 1.6% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.7% | 0.6% | 0.2% | 0.1% |
| Ages 65+ | 2,615 | 5,076 | 73.3% | 76.3% | 22.5% | 19.4% | 3.5% | 2.4% | 0.6% | 1.0% | 0.1% | 1.2% | <0.1% | <0.1% |
Notes: LTHS is “less than high school” and HS is “high school.” Full-time is 35+ hours per week; part-time is less than 35 hours per week.
Source: CEPR analysis of Contingent Worker Supplement to Current Population Survey microdata from the U.S. Census Bureau