State enforcement of employment nondiscrimination
| State | Title VII key | Title VII, Age, and Disability | Details | Pregnancy key | Pregnancy | Pregnancy protected? | Gender key | Sexual orientation and gender identity | Sexual orientation and gender identity protected? | Additional key | Additional traits | Additional traits protected | Filing key | Filing deadline | State enforcement agency | Deadline to file discrimination claim |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 2 | Only protects age | Age is the only protected trait. | 2 | Not protected | No | 2 | Not protected | No | 0 | No | 0 | n/a | Alabama does not have an enforcement agency | ||
| Alaska | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes | 1 | Limited protection/Exceptions | Not explicitly, but considered illegal under state law | 1 | Yes | Marital status and changes in marital status, parenthood | 2 | Longer deadline than federal | Alaska State Commission for Human Rights | 300 days | |
| Arizona | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes, including childbirth and related medical conditions | 1 | Limited protection/Exceptions | Not explicitly, but agency will accept claim | 0 | No | 1 | Same deadline as federal | Arizona Civil Rights Division | 180 days | ||
| Arkansas | 1 | Limited protection | For age discrimination, only public employees are protected. | 0 | Protected | Yes, including childbirth and related medical conditions | 2 | Not protected | No | 1 | Yes | Military service | 0 | n/a | Arkansas does not have an enforcement agency | |
| California | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes, including childbirth and related conditions | 0 | Protected | Yes | 1 | Yes | Reproductive health decision-making, marital status, medical condition, military or veteran status, national origin includes possession of a driver’s license or identification card | 2 | Longer deadline than federal | California Department of Fair Employment and Housing | 3 years | |
| Colorado | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes | 0 | Protected | Yes | 1 | Yes | Marital status, marriage to a co-worker | 2 | Longer deadline than federal | Colorado Civil Rights Division | 300 days | |
| Connecticut | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes, including childbirth, lactation, and related conditions | 0 | Protected | Yes | 1 | Yes | Veteran status, domestic violence victim status, prior criminal record | 2 | Longer deadline than federal | Connecticut Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities | 300 days | |
| Delaware | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes | 0 | Protected | Yes | 1 | Yes | Housing status, domestic violence victim status | 2 | Longer deadline than federal | Delaware Office of Anti-Discrimination | 300 days | |
| Florida | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes | 1 | Limited protection/Exceptions | Not explicitly, but agency will accept claim | 1 | Yes | Marital status | 2 | Longer deadline than federal | Florida Commission on Human Relations | 365 days | |
| Georgia | 1 | Limited protection | While disability is protected, race/color, national origin, religion protection is only extended to public employees. Only equal pay is protected under sex for private employees. | 1 | Limited protection/Exceptions | Only public employees are protected | 1 | Limited protection / exceptions | Only public employees are protected; sexual orientation and gender identity are included under sex | 0 | No | 1 | Same deadline as federal | 180 days, however Georgia does not have an enforcement agency for private employees | ||
| Hawaii | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes, including childbirth, lactation, and related medical conditions | 0 | Protected | Yes | 1 | Yes | Credit history or report, arrest and court record, reproductive health decision, national guard obligation, child support garnishment, domestic or sexual violence victim status | 1 | Same deadline as federal | Hawaii Civil Rights Commission | 180 days | |
| Idaho | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes, by Idaho Supreme Court | 2 | Not protected | No | 0 | No | 2 | Longer deadline than federal | Idaho Human Rights Commission | 1 year | ||
| Illinois | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes | 0 | Protected | Yes | 1 | Yes | Military status, marital status, arrest or conviction record, criminal history record ordered expunged, sealed, or impounded, citizenship status (excludes undocumented immigrants), work authorization status, language | 2 | Longer deadline than federal | Illinois Department of Human Rights | 2 years | |
| Indiana | 0 | Full protection | 1 | Limited protection/Exceptions | Not specifically, but may be treated as sex discrimination | 2 | Not protected | No | 0 | No | 1 | Same deadline as federal | Indiana Civil Rights Commission; Indiana Department of Labor (for age discrimination) | 180 days for the Indiana Civil Rights Commission, 4 months for the Indiana Department of Labor | ||
| Iowa | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes | 1 | Limited protection/Exceptions | Only sexual orientation is protected | 0 | No | 2 | Longer deadline than federal | Iowa Civil Rights Commission | 300 days | ||
| Kansas | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes, by regulation | 1 | Limited protection/Exceptions | Not explicitly, but agency will accept claim | 0 | No | 1 | Same deadline as federal | Kansas Human Rights Commission | 6 months | ||
| Kentucky | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes, including childbirth, lactation, and related medical conditions | 2 | Not protected | No | 0 | No | 1 | Same deadline as federal | Kentucky Commission on Human Rights | 180 days | ||
| Louisiana | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes, including childbirth and related medical conditions | 2 | Not protected | No | 0 | No | 1 | Same deadline as federal | Louisiana Commission on Human Rights | 180 days | ||
| Maine | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes, including resulting medical conditions | 0 | Protected | Yes | 0 | No | 2 | Longer deadline than federal | Maine Human Rights Commission | 300 days | ||
| Maryland | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes | 0 | Protected | Yes | 1 | Yes | Marital status, military status | 2 | Longer deadline than federal | Maryland Commission on Civil Rights | 300 days | |
| Massachusetts | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes, including lactation and related conditions | 0 | Protected | Yes | 1 | Yes | Military activity or veteran status, criminal record | 2 | Longer deadline than federal | Massachusetts Commission Against Discrimination | 300 days (2 years for harassment) | |
| Michigan | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes, including childbirth and related medical conditions, but not most abortions | 1 | Limited protection/Exceptions | Not specifically, but may be treated as sex discrimination | 1 | Yes | Height, weight, marital status, arrest record | 1 | Same deadline as federal | Michigan Department of Civil Rights | 180 days | |
| Minnesota | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes, including childbirth and related disabilities | 0 | Protected | Yes | 1 | Yes | Public assistance support, marital status, familial status | 2 | Longer deadline than federal | Minnesota Department of Human Rights | 1 year | |
| Mississippi | 1 | Limited protection | Protection is only extended to public employees. | 1 | Limited protection/Exceptions | Only public employees are protected | 2 | Not protected | No | 0 | No | 0 | n/a | Mississippi does not have an enforcement agency | ||
| Missouri | 0 | Full protection | 1 | Limited protection/Exceptions | Not specifically, but may be treated as sex discrimination | 1 | Limited protection/Exceptions | Not explicitly, may be Protected through state supreme court decision | 0 | No | 1 | Same deadline as federal | Missouri Commission on Human Rights | 180 days | ||
| Montana | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes | 1 | Limited protection/Exceptions | Not explicitly, but it may be treated as sex discrimination | 1 | Yes | Vaccination status, marital status, familial status | 1 | Same deadline as federal | Montana Human Rights Bureau | 180 days | |
| Nebraska | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes, including childbirth and related medical conditions | 1 | Limited protection/Exceptions | Not explicitly, but agency will accept claim | 1 | Yes | Marital status | 2 | Longer deadline than federal | Nebraska Equal Opportunity Commission | 300 days | |
| Nevada | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes | 0 | Protected | Yes | 1 | Yes | Criminal background (public employees only) | 2 | Longer deadline than federal | Nevada Equal Rights Commission | 300 days | |
| New Hampshire | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes, childbirth and related medical conditions | 0 | Protected | Yes | 1 | Yes | Marital status | 1 | Same deadline as federal | New Hampshire Commission for Human Rights | 180 days | |
| New Jersey | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes, including breastfeeding | 0 | Protected | Yes | 1 | Yes | Marital status or domestic partnership/civil union status, liability for military service | 1 | Same deadline as federal | New Jersey Division on Civil Rights | 180 days | |
| New Mexico | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes, including childbirth and related conditions | 0 | Protected | Yes | 1 | Yes | Serious medical condition, military status, spousal affiliation (for 50 or more employees) | 2 | Longer deadline than federal | New Mexico Human Rights Bureau | 300 days | |
| New York | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes | 0 | Protected | Yes | 1 | Yes | Age (18 and over), arrest record, citizenship or immigration status, conviction record, victim of domestic violence status, familial status, marital status, military status | 2 | Longer deadline than federal | New York State Division of Human Rights | For acts occurring on or before 02/14/2024, 1 year. For acts occuring after, 3 years | |
| North Carolina | 0 | Full protection | 2 | Not protected | No | 2 | Not protected | No | 0 | No | 0 | n/a | North Carolina does not have an agency that allows private employees to file claims | |||
| North Dakota | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes, including childbirth and related disabilities | 1 | Limited protection/Exceptions | Not explicitly, but agency will accept claim | 1 | Yes | Marital status, public assistance status, participation in lawful activity off the employer’s premises during nonworking hours which is not in direct conflict with the essential business-related interests of the employer | 2 | Longer deadline than federal | North Dakota Human Rights Division | 300 days | |
| Ohio | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes, including childbirth and related medical conditions and illnesses | 1 | Limited protection/Exceptions | Not explicitly, but agency will accept claim | 0 | No | 2 | Longer deadline than federal | Ohio Civil Rights Commission | 2 years | ||
| Oklahoma | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes, including childbirth and related medical conditions | 2 | Not protected | No | 0 | No | 1 | Same deadline as federal | Oklahoma Office of Civil Rights Enforcement | 180 days | ||
| Oregon | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes, including childbirth and related medical conditions and occurrences | 0 | Protected | Yes | 1 | Yes | Age (18 and over), military status, marital or family status | 2 | Longer deadline than federal | Oregon Civil Rights Division | 5 years | |
| Pennsylvania | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes | 1 | Limited protection/Exceptions | Not explicitly, but agency considers under sex discrimination | 1 | Yes | Having a GED rather than a high school diploma, relationship to a person with a disability | 1 | Same deadline as federal | Pennsylvania Human Relations Commission | 180 days | |
| Rhode Island | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes, including childbirth and related medical conditions | 0 | Protected | Yes | 1 | Yes | Conviction status (Prohibits employers from inquiring before a first interview, either via an employment application or otherwise, whether an applicant has been convicted of a crime. Certain exceptions apply.) | 2 | Longer deadline than federal | Rhode Island Commission for Human Rights | 1 year | |
| South Carolina | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes, including childbirth, lactation, and related medical conditions | 2 | Not protected | No | 0 | No | 1 | Same deadline as federal | South Carolina Human Affairs Commission | 180 days | ||
| South Dakota | 1 | Limited protection | Age is not a protected trait. | 1 | Limited protection/Exceptions | Not specifically, but may be treated as disability discrimination | 2 | Not protected | No | 0 | No | 1 | Same deadline as federal | South Dakota Division of Human Rights | 180 days | |
| Tennessee | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes | 2 | Not protected | No | 0 | No | 1 | Same deadline as federal | Tennessee Human Rights Commission | 180 days | ||
| Texas | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes, including childbirth and related medical conditions | 1 | Limited protection/Exceptions | Not explicitly, but it may be treated as sex discrimination | 0 | No | 1 | Same deadline as federal | Texas Workforce Commission, Civil Rights Division | 180 days | ||
| Utah | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes, including childbirth and pregnancy-related conditions | 0 | Protected | Yes | 0 | No | 1 | Same deadline as federal | Utah Antidiscrimination and Labor Division | 180 days | ||
| Vermont | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes | 0 | Protected | Yes | 1 | Yes | HIV status, crime victim status, asserting a claim to worker’s compensation | 2 | Longer deadline than federal | Civil Rights Unit, Office of Vermont Attorney General | 1 year | |
| Virginia | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes, including childbirth, lactation, and related medical conditions | 0 | Protected | Yes | 1 | Yes | Marital status, military status | 1 | Same deadline as federal | Virginia Office of Civil Rights | 180 days | |
| Washington | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes | 0 | Protected | Yes | 1 | Yes | HIV/AIDs and Hepatitis C status, honorably discharged veteran or military status, state employee or health care whistleblower status | 1 | Same deadline as federal | Washington State Human Rights Commission | 6 months | |
| Washington D.C. | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes, including childbirth, breastfeeding, related medical conditions | 0 | Protected | Yes | 1 | Yes | Age (18 and over), credit information, family responsibilities, homeless status, marital status, matriculation, personal appearance, political affiliation, Status as a victim or family member of a victim of domestic violence, a sexual offense, or stalking . Additionally, employers cannot ask about an individual’s criminal record during the application or interview process. | 2 | Longer deadline than federal | D.C. Office of Human Rights | 1 year | |
| West Virginia | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes | 1 | Limited protection/Exceptions | Not explicitly, but may be Protected through state supreme court decision | 0 | No | 2 | Longer deadline than federal | West Virginia Human Rights Commission | 365 days | ||
| Wisconsin | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes, including childbirth, maternity leave, and related medical conditions | 1 | Limited protection/Exceptions | Only sexual orientation is protected | 1 | Yes | Marital status, military status | 2 | Longer deadline than federal | Wisconsin Equal Rights Division | 300 days | |
| Wyoming | 0 | Full protection | 0 | Protected | Yes | 2 | Not protected | No | 0 | No | 1 | Same deadline as federal | Labor Standards Office, Wyoming Department of Workforce Services | 6 months |
Sources: Information from state fair employment agencies and Justia, "Employment Discrimination Laws: 50-State Survey", last reviewed September 2022.
Sources: Information from state fair employment agencies (AK, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DE, DC, FL, GA, HI, ID, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, MO, MT, NE, NV, NH, NJ, NM, NY, NC, ND, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VT, VA, WA, WV, WI, WY), and Justia, "Employment Discrimination Laws: 50-State Survey", last reviewed September 2022.