Noncompete agreements in U.S. workplaces, by industry
| Industry | Sample size | Share of workplaces where all employees are subject to noncompete agreements | Share of workplaces where any employees are subject to noncompete agreements |
|---|---|---|---|
| Construction | 65 | 30.7% | 47.7% |
| Manufacturing | 135 | 34.8% | 54.1% |
| Wholesale trade | 34 | 32.3% | 67.6%** |
| Retail trade | 55 | 25.4% | 41.8% |
| Transportation | 38 | 21.0% | 36.8%* |
| Information | 24 | 25.0% | 54.2% |
| Finance, insurance, and real estate | 31 | 35.5% | 58.1% |
| Business services | 75 | 52.0%*** | 70.7%*** |
| Education and health | 94 | 28.7% | 39.4%** |
| Leisure and hospitality | 28 | 14.3%** | 25.0%*** |
| Other Services | 35 | 31.4% | 42.9% |
Notes: Percentages indicate the share of workplaces in each row category where either all employees are subject to noncompete agreements or at least some employees are subject to noncompete agreements. The symbols *, **, and *** indicate that the use of noncompete agreements is significantly different from the other categories in the table combined at the 0.10 level, 0.05 level, and 0.01 level, respectively.
Source: Original data from national survey of private-sector workplaces (see the methodological appendix).