Estimated hourly wage penalty for part-time work by gender and race/ethnicity: How much less part-time workers earn than full-time workers (in %)
| Part-time wage penalty | |
|---|---|
| All | -19.8%*** |
| By race/ethnicity | |
| White | -20.7%*** |
| Black | -20.2%*** |
| Hispanic | -14.2%*** |
| By gender | |
| Female | -15.9%*** |
| Male | -25.8%*** |
| By gender and race/ethnicity | |
| White male | -28.1%*** |
| White female | -16.4%*** |
| Black male | -24.6%*** |
| Black female | -17.2%*** |
| Hispanic male | -16.9%*** |
| Hispanic female | -12.3%*** |
Notes: Part time is defined as usually working less than 35 hours per week on the primary job. The symbols *, **, and *** indicate that the wage penalty is significantly different from zero at the 0.10 level, 0.05 level, and 0.01 level, respectively, using heteroskedasticity-robust standard errors. Standard errors are available upon request from the authors. Regressions include controls for age (5), education (16), years (16), industry (13), occupation (10), and state (51).
Source: Author's analysis of 2003–2018 Current Population Survey Outgoing Rotation Group (CPS-ORG) microdata.